1.2 Research Objectives: The objective is to construct a CNC machine model focusing on integrating Motion CPU with CNC machines to control precise movements on axes, developing control s
OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
Problem Statement
In the current Industry 4.0 era, integrating technology into manufacturing and optimizing production time is essential for improving efficiency and product quality CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines are modern devices widely used in industries such as machine manufacturing, automation, and mold making Controlling CNC machines requires high precision and the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously Hence, there is a demand for using PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to control CNC machines effectively
Although CNC machines are advanced and widely applied in manufacturing industries, selecting the right CNC model for each product type often consumes significant time and effort for users In this research project, I utilized the COGNEX barcode reader to process 1D barcode images This reader swiftly and accurately decodes barcodes, maximizing efficiency in CNC model selection
Based on these reasons, I chose the research topic "Design and Application of PLC in CNC Machine Control" to investigate and implement The aim is to understand PLC, CNC machines, and how to efficiently integrate them I also hope that the research results will contribute to the development and application of CNC technology in manufacturing, integrating advanced technologies to create intelligent and flexible production processes that save time and enhance product quality, thus positively impacting modern industrial production đồ án
Research Objectives
The objective is to construct a CNC machine model focusing on integrating Motion CPU with CNC machines to control precise movements on axes, developing control software and interface to interact and communicate accurately with the Motion CPU as required Additionally, to research and apply barcode technology in selecting suitable product models to optimize production time and quality.
Research Methodology
Collecting and studying relevant literature on CNC machines, especially aspects related to structure, operational principles, and practical applications
Studying specialized literature on PLC, particularly Mitsubishi PLC, and related devices like Servo Drivers and Servo Motors These sources provide a theoretical foundation for control systems
Regular discussions with the advisor to receive guidance, feedback, and adjust the research direction to ensure correct implementation and achieve desired outcomes
Recording and analyzing data from experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the control system and compare results against technical standards and objectives.
Research Subject
• Mitsubishi's Motion CPU and control expansion modules
• Servo motors paired with ball screws
• Q62DAN Analog Module for inverter control đồ án
• G-code programming language, ladder logic
• Working software includes: GX Work2, GT Designer 3, MT developer2,
Research Content
Chapter 1: Overview of the Topic
Provides an overview of the research topic, problem statement, research objectives, methodology, thesis structure, research subjects, and scope.
Theoretical Foundation
Introduction to CNC Machines
A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine is a type of machine controlled by digital commands from a computer These commands define machine operations, including movement and material shaping to create product details
In the CNC machine program, commands are inputted into the computer through CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software or directly programmed using special programming languages such as G-code Subsequently, the computer converts these commands into electrical signals or other control signals to manage precise position movements and speeds of axes and cutting tools
CNC machines are capable of performing various machining operations such as milling, turning, drilling, shaving, and engraving on materials like metal, wood, plastic, or composites This versatility makes CNC machines a flexible and efficient tool in the manufacturing process
CNC machines find applications across diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace, household appliances, medical, and arts This technology brings many benefits including enhanced precision, ease in executing complex 3axis structures alongside straight lines, and minimizing manual operations while enhancing flexibility in the production process
Figure 2.1 XK7124 3-axis automatic tool changing CNC machine đồ án
2.1.2 Structure and Operating Principles of CNC Machines:
A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine is a widely used precision machining tool for mass production Below is a description of the CNC machine structure:
1 Machine Base: The basic part of the machine, housing various components and providing support for the motion mechanism
2 Worktable: A flat surface for placing and machining parts This table can move in different directions
3 X, Y, and Z Axes with Ball Screws: These axes represent the machine's linear motion directions They use ball screws to achieve precise movement
4 Motors: Motors that drive the CNC machine's movements These motors are typically stepper motors or servo motors
5 Spindle Motor: Connected to cutting tools for cutting, engraving, and machining parts
6 Optical Encoder: Used to measure the precise position of the axes
7 Tool Holder: Contains cutting tools such as milling cutters, drills, or lathes
8 Cross Frame: Connects the X and Y axes, supporting the tool holder
9 Tool Head: Moves across the worktable and carries the cutting tool đồ án
CNC machines can work in 2D and 3D spaces using specialized software CNC is widely applied in the mechanical engineering industry, such as CNC engraving, CNC pattern cutting, CNC wood routing, and CNC stone carving with complex shapes
CNC machines optimize work processes, enhance product output quality with a variety of cutting profiles
CNC machines are used for precise machining of metal parts, including cutting, drilling, turning, milling, and grinding They are applied in industrial machinery manufacturing, medical equipment, and automotive components
Figure 2.3 CNC applications in precision mechanical engineering đồ án
CNC wood machines are used for carving, cutting, and shaping wooden products such as doors, tables, chairs, and decorative paintings Furniture manufacturing workshops often employ CNC machines to create unique and intricate products
Figure 2.4 CNC applications in shaping wood products
CNC advertising cutting machines are used to create signage, raised letters, and decorative images They are applied in shaping decorative products for events, exhibitions, and trade shows đồ án
Figure 2.5 CNC letters for advertising signs 2.1.3.4 Mold Casting and Model Engineering Industry
CNC machines are used for creating molds, casting molds, and model products They are applied in manufacturing items such as toys, architectural models, and artistic products
Figure 2.6 CNC mold casting 2.1.3.5 Electronics and Electrical Engineering Industry:
CNC machines are used for machining printed circuit boards, machine housings, and electronic components They are applied in manufacturing electronic devices, computers, and mobile phones đồ án
Figure 2.7 CNC PCB fabrication 2.1.4 CNC Coordinate System
Based on the Cartesian coordinate system, CNC machine coordinate systems must adhere to the right-hand rule: Using the right hand, grasp with the thumb and index finger and spread out the remaining three fingers4middle, ring, and pinky4along three mutually perpendicular axes If the thumb represents the x-axis direction, the index finger indicates the y-axis direction, and the middle finger represents the z-axis direction [1]
Figure 2.8 Right-hand rule đồ án
- Machine Zero (MZ): The origin points of the machine as defined by the manufacturer, typically set at a corner of the machine table
- Workpiece Zero (WZ): The origin points of the workpiece being machined, set by the operator to correspond to the specific location of the workpiece on the machine table
- All positions are determined based on a single origin point (either Machine Zero or Workpiece Zero)
- Positions of points are measured from this origin point to the required point location
- Positions are determined based on the current position of the machining tool
- Movement to a new position is based on the distance from the current position
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an electronic device used to control automated processes in industrial settings It operates based on pre-programmed logic to execute specific tasks [2] đồ án
Figure 2.9 Components of PLC Structure
The structure of a PLC includes the following main components:
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU determines the processing speed and specialized control capabilities of the PLC It reads signals from input modules, processes them, and sends output signals to output modules Additionally, the CPU contains common function blocks such as Counters, Timers, arithmetic operations, and data conversion
• Input Modules: There are two types of inputs: Digital Input (DI) and Analog Input (AI) DI inputs connect to devices that produce binary signals such as switches, push buttons, photoelectric sensors, proximity sensors, etc AI inputs connect to devices that produce continuous signals such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, distance sensors, humidity sensors, etc đồ án
• Output Modules: There are two types of outputs: Digital Output (DO) and Analog Output (AO) DO outputs connect to actuators that follow On/Off control rules such as indicator lights, bells, electric valves, non-variable speed motors, etc AO outputs connect to actuators that require continuous control signals such as variable frequency drives, linear valves, etc
PLC receives information from connected sensors or input devices It processes data and activates outputs based on pre-programmed parameters Depending on inputs and outputs, PLC can monitor and record runtime data, machine productivity, operating temperatures, automate start and stop processes, and generate alarms for any malfunctions
Excellent noise immunity: PLCs are designed to operate reliably in industrial environments Capability to handle complex algorithms: PLCs have high accuracy and adaptability for most applications Compact, easy installation: Replace conventional relay control circuits entirely Easy programming: Users can program sequences of events easily
Processing speed limitations: Compared to other control systems like microcontrollers, PLCs may have processing speed limitations Cost: Some types of PLCs have high initial investment costs
"With the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above, PLCs demonstrate superiority over traditional relay control circuits Currently, in industrial plant assembly lines, PLCs have replaced most systems using traditional relay control circuits This đồ án
13 helps the system operate more efficiently, with higher reliability, saving labor and avoiding operator errors."
Motion CPU
Motion CPU is a motion control module used with PLC CPUs to control motion
It achieves high-speed control through Motion SFC programs or G-Code to independently control modules such as input/output modules from the PLC CPU Additionally, Motion CPUs can operate in real-axis and virtual-axis modes, making it easier to visually control For example, you can run synchronous multi-axis modes, change speeds, and easily adjust gear ratios [3]
Figure 2.10 Interface between Motion CPU and PLC CPU đồ án
Servo Motor
A Servo motor is a specialized motor designed to provide precise control over position or angular velocity of a part or device It is a crucial component in automated control systems, representing a significant advancement in industrial and modern technology
Servo motors operate based on feedback mechanisms They convert electrical energy into controlled motions, allowing precise control of position, speed variations, and appropriate torque adjustments for specific job applications
The structure of a Servo motor includes two main parts: the rotor and stator
The rotor is a permanent magnet, while the stator consists of separate wound coils There are several types of Servo motors, including AC Servo and DC Servo, each with different structures and applications
Servo motors are primarily classified into two types: AC Servo and DC Servo motors
➢ AC Servo: These use AC motors to generate torque in servo drive systems
They are further divided into AC Servo motors with PM (Permanent Magnet) motors and IM (Induction Motor) motors PM motors are preferred for their higher speed and more stable torque, although they can be more challenging to control compared to IM motors However, maintenance or repair costs for AC Servo systems using PM motors are significantly higher than those for IM motors đồ án
➢ DC Servo: These use DC motors to generate torque in servo drive systems DC
Servo systems are typically used in older generation machines with lower power requirements due to their simple construction, which provides fast rotational speeds and high torque in the low-power segment Since they use DC current, they are easier to control However, DC motors require regular maintenance of the brush mechanism due to mechanical wear, thus their lifespan is not as long
For Mitsubishi, the company classifies its AC Servo motors according to their applications and distinguishes them based on the series number indicated on the motor:
• Medium Inertia Motors (HF Series): These motors ensure high accuracy for servo applications that demand rapid acceleration
• Low Inertia Motors (HF-KP Series): Suitable for auxiliary axes that require high-speed positioning
• Linear Servo Motors (LM-F Series): These can be used in clean environments as they do not use any ball screws, thus eliminating issues related to oil and grease contamination
• Direct Drive Servo Motors (TM-RB Series): Motors that combine direct drive with high torque through high-gain control systems, enabling quick acceleration and precise positioning for smoother operation đồ án
Encoder
An encoder, also known as a coding device, is a motion sensor that generates digital signals in response to motion It is an electromechanical device capable of converting motion into digital signals or pulses
Encoders are crucial components in CNC machine construction They measure and display machine speed parameters
There are two types of encoders: linear and rotary Linear encoders respond to motion along a linear path, while rotary encoders respond to rotational motion [4] đồ án
Figure 2.12 The Mitsubishi encoder 2.5.2 Classification of Encoders
Incremental Encoder: Its standard structure consists of two disks offset by 90 degrees, creating A and B pulses Alternatively, it may consist of a single disk with two nested rings offset by 90 degrees to generate A and B pulses Additionally, it includes a Z phase to determine when the motor shaft completes a full rotation, along with LED light sources and an optical transmitter-receiver pair đồ án
Absolute Encoder: Its structure includes a light emitter (LED), an encoder disk
(containing signal bands), and a light-sensitive receiver that resembles a relative encoder However, the encoder disk in Absolute Encoders is densely arranged with resolution bits and is made of transparent materials The disk's face is divided into equal angles with concentric circles
Figure 2.14 Absolute encoder đồ án
With advancements in motor technology, encoder components continuously improve over time Higher encoder resolutions (from 17 to 23 bits) provide minimal position feedback errors, suitable for applications like robotics or CNC Larger resolutions replace optical transmitter-receiver technology with extreme point detection (replacing drilling holes with very small magnetically polarized points), minimizing mechanical errors in manufacturing.
Servo Driver
A Servo Driver, also known as an electronic amplifier for Servo motors, is a critical component in control systems It functions to receive signals from control systems, then amplifies and converts these signals into currents for Servo motors
These signals can represent various factors, from speed and position to torque, depending on system requirements Simultaneously, the Servo Driver receives feedback from sensors attached to the Servo motor regarding actual motor operation
Based on this feedback, the Servo Driver compares actual and desired states (designated via command signals) If discrepancies occur, the Servo Driver adjusts frequency, voltage, or pulse width to minimize these deviations
Figure 2.15 Driver Servo MR J2S of Mitsubishi đồ án
SSCNET Network
SSCNET Network, also known as Servo System Controller Network, is a specialized network system designed to control and manage servo axis positions in industrial applications This network utilizes optical transmission technology to ensure fast and accurate data transmission, up to 50Mbps or 150Mbps depending on network version
A notable feature of SSCNET Network is its capability to connect all servo axes within the same network, facilitating efficient management and control This is particularly crucial in industrial robot applications, where SSCNET Network enables robots to easily store and recall positions of grip or release points, even after power loss and system restart
Figure 2.16 Basic Configuration of SSCNET Network System đồ án
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
2.8.1 Overview of Variable Frequency Drive
A Variable Frequency Drive is a device that converts current at one frequency into current at another frequency that can be adjusted VFDs are widely used in industrial applications to control motor speed, reverse rotation, reduce starting current, minimize vibration, and save energy
In other words, a Variable Frequency Drive is a device that changes the frequency of current applied to the coil inside the motor, allowing infinitely variable motor speed control without using mechanical gearboxes VFDs use semiconductor components to sequentially switch current applied to motor coils, generating rotating magnetic fields to rotate the motor VFDs can adjust motor speed from slow to fast depending on specific applications, improving motor efficiency
Figure 2.17 Mitsubishi Variable Frequency Drives đồ án
2.8.2 Construction of Variable Frequency Drive
Each type of Variable Frequency Drive has a different construction depending on application and technical requirements of the control system The main components of a Variable Frequency Drive are designed to operate stably and durably in industrial environments The construction of a Variable Frequency Drive typically includes the following main components:
• Power Circuit: Supplies electrical power to the entire VFD
• Control Circuit: Acts as the control center of the VFD, where control functions, programming, and protection are implemented
• Frequency Conversion Circuit: This is the core circuit of the VFD, responsible for transforming the input current frequency (typically 50Hz) into an adjustable output current frequency ranging from 0 to 400Hz The main components of this circuit include rectifier units, filters, and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) modules
• Protection Circuit: Includes devices such as overload protection, overcurrent protection, and protection against electrical faults that could affect the stable operation of the system
• Display - Keypad: Used for monitoring, setting, and controlling operations by the operator
• Additionally, a VFD may integrate communication modules, AC reactors, DC reactors, braking resistors, and other components
Each of these components plays a crucial role in ensuring the VFD operates efficiently and meets the specific requirements of industrial control systems đồ án
Interface between operator and PLC
HMI, short for Human Machine Interface, is a device integrated into machines (industrial computers) that allows humans (operators) to interact with the machine through a screen (buttons or touch) Simply put, any interface screen enabling human- machine interaction is referred to as HMI
HMI screens typically include the following components:
• Display screen: This displays information about the operation status of the machine and system The display can be LCD, LED, or touchscreen
• Control keys: Control keys allow users to interact with the machine and system, including function keys, numeric keys, navigation keys, and enter key
• Connection ports: Connection ports enable the HMI to connect with machines and systems, which may include RS232, RS485, Ethernet, USB, and wireless connection ports
• Processor: The processor processes data from the machine and system, displaying information on the display screen
• Memory: Memory stores data and settings of the HMI, including internal memory and external memory cards
• Power supply: Power supply provides energy for the HMI to operate đồ án
Handheld barcode reader
2.10.1 Overview of handheld barcode reader
Handheld barcode reader: A user-friendly and flexible type of barcode reader capable of scanning barcodes at various distances, on flat or curved surfaces Handheld barcode readers can be wired or wireless, connecting to computers or mobile devices via USB, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi ports
2.10.2 Features of handheld barcode reader
Provides maximum reading speed for 1D and 2D barcodes With advanced imaging capability and compact size, fixed-mount barcode readers are efficient for indexing or high-speed production applications Optimized with patented algorithms to ensure high continuous reading speeds of the most challenging 1D and 2D symbols in difficult label-based recognition applications đồ án
Figure 2.19 Handheld barcode reader from Cognex
Motion Program
Using Motion CPU Q173CPUN, the Motion Program is employed to control and calculate the specified positions of axes The Motion Program is divided into two types:
• Control Program: Only control commands can be used; movement commands using G-Code are not applicable It is initiated by the CPU PLC's S(P).SFCS command, self-starting with parameters or CALL, GOSUB/GOSUBE commands from another control program
• Axis Designation Program: Movement commands using G-Code and control commands can be used It is initiated by the CPU PLC's S(P).SVST command or CALL, GOSUB/GOSUBE commands from the control program đồ án
G-code is one of the most widely used programming languages for controlling automated mechanical machines Most CNC machines in the market use G-code for programming, although other CNC languages like Heidenhain, Mazak, and proprietary formats also exist
CNC machinists can write G-code manually, edit existing G-code stored in the CNC machine's memory, or generate G-code segments using CAM programming software such as Master CAM, Siemens NX, etc CAM software can create G-code from images or CAD files In today's extensive CAD industry, there are also CAD editing programs that automatically convert CAD files into G-code
2.11.2 Classification of G-Code command groups in CNC
- Group starting with G: Rapid traverse without tool: G00, Linear interpolation: G01, Circular interpolation: G02, Thread cutting: G72
- Group of machining parameter commands: Includes feed rate F, spindle speed S, tool call T Group related to machine operations M: Start/stop spindle: M03, M04, Start/stop coolant: M08, M09
- Selection group: Select measurement unit: Inch: G20 or Metric: G21 Select work coordinate system: G54-G59 đồ án
DESIGN AND SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION
Algorithms and Programs
System Description
The system utilizes PLC and Motion CPU to control 3 servo motor axes of the CNC machine via SSCNET I network, enabling flexible tool movements for cutting operations Q02HCPU and Q173CPUN will share memory areas M and D for communication PLC Q02H will call Motion Programs from Q173CPUN to execute CNC machine operations
The milling cutter uses a variable frequency drive (VFD) to control and adjust speed via the Q62DAN Analog module The Barcode reader reads barcodes from the workpiece to select the appropriate CNC pattern.
Model and Algorithm Description
4.2.1 CNC Machine Startup đồ án
Figure 4.1 Flowchart for CNC Machine Startup
Since the Z-axis is coupled with the Spindle motor, when the Servo is OFF, we must engage the servo brake to prevent the motor from coasting in case of power loss Upon turning Servo On, there is a 1-second delay to release the brake, allowing the operator to control the CNC machine in JOG, ABS, INC, or Auto modes
After initiating the Motion Program using commands like S(P).SFCS or S(P).SVST, the Motion CPU executes the program by sending control signals to the Servo Driver and receiving position signals and coordinates from the Encoder to interpolate the next position coordinates through G-Code If the called program is not initialized in MT Developer2, the startup command will halt đồ án
Figure 4.2 Flowchart of Motion Program đồ án
Figure 4.3 Flowchart for CNC Pattern Selection using Barcode đồ án
4.2.4 CNC Drilling Program on Circular Path
Figure 4 4 Flowchart for Drilling Holes on a Circular Path đồ án
Figure 4.5 Coordinates of drilling holes on a circular path
Algorithm for interpolating drilling hole coordinates x, y:
Given the optional requirement to drill a number of holes on a circular path with radius R, as shown in the figure and algorithm flowchart, we find the algorithm for interpolating the coordinates of drilling holes to be:
In which: i is the counter variable for drilling holes in the algorithm flowchart
Because the Analog Module Q62DAN has a resolution from 0 to 4000, while the spindle motor operates at a maximum speed of 24000 rpm, we need to scale the signal value from the HMI to the Analog Module to adjust the spindle motor speed
Digital signals in PLC Signals outside the PLC
Maximum measurement value (4000) Maximum measured signal value
(24000rpm):H Measurement signal value min (0) Min measurement signal value(0rpm): L Measurement value want to output: n Measurement value want to output: K ý = ý × þ�㕖ÿ(�㗼 × �㕖) + �㔶�㕒ÿā�㕒ÿ ÿ þ = ý × �㔶ĀĀ(�㗼 × �㕖) + �㔶�㕒ÿā�㕒ÿ Ā
- We have the analog scale functions as follows:
GX Works2 Software
GX Works2 is a programming and configuration software used for automation control systems like FX and Q series controllers GX Works2 manages program control with various programming languages
Running GX Works2 program, configuring a new project, selecting QCPU
Figure 4 6 CPU configuration in GX Works2
To enable communication between two CPUs by sharing memory areas, you need to configure the settings in the parameter setup as follows:
• Setup 1 and 3 to share memory area M
• Setup 2 and 4 to share memory area D ÿ 2 Ā
Figure 4.7 Memory Area Setup in GX Works2
Figure 4.8 Declare modules in the parameter đồ án
MT Developer2 Software
MT Developer2 is dedicated software for Motion CPUs, enabling the creation of servo programs for motor control more easily compared to GX Works The software allows memory sharing between CPUs, reducing the overhead of intermediate variables when transferring data from one CPU to another using conventional methods To start MT Developer2, configure a new project by selecting QCPU (Q173) SWS-SV43QA
Figure 4.9 Choose CPU MT Developer2 đồ án
Figure 4.10 Setting up memory sharing between 2 CPUs
Choose "Import Multiple CPU Parameter" to receive memory sharing data from
GX Works2 software Then, declare modules on base Q35B so that CPUs can receive signals from these modules đồ án
DataMan Tool Setup Software
Figure 4.12 Interface for connecting barcode reader with DataMan Setup đồ án
Figure 4 13 Types of barcode readers that can be recognized
In this research project, I use 1D barcodes (Code 128) for product classification
Figure 4 14 Setting up communication configuration between barcode reader and
Change the communication channel to USB-HID, disconnect from DataMan Setup software to connect the barcode reader to the HMI screen via USB port đồ án
SolidWorks and SolidCam
First, create a 3D machining blank in SolidWorks software Proceed to create the shape and select dimensions of the blank
Figure 4.16 Selecting machining blank dimensions đồ án
Figure 4 17 Creating machining cut face
After creating the blank and machining cut face, use SolidCam to select the appropriate machine configuration for the current CNC machine
Figure 4.18 Creating machining cut face of logo đồ án
Figure 4 19 Configuring CNC machine in SolidCam đồ án
Figure 4 20 Choosing the origin point for CNC workpiece coordinates
Based on the right-hand rule, we select the origin point for CNC workpiece coordinates
Figure 4.21 Exporting G-code file đồ án
After exporting the G-code file from SolidCam, we obtain the following code segment:
Figure 4.22 Uncleaned G-code from SolidCam
With this G-code segment, it cannot run on MT Developer2 due to containing some G-code commands that MT Developer2 cannot identify Therefore, we need to clean the G-code file Next, copy this cleaned code and process it with MT Developer2
Figure 4.23 G-code interface in MT Developer2 đồ án
HMI Screen Interface GT2708-VTBA
Figure 4.25 Main screen interface đồ án
This screen is Jog, ABS, and INC, where each function moves individual axes with selectable speeds After entering the speed in the Speed column, users can select the direction of axis movement using arrow buttons After reaching the desired position, users can press the Home button to set the home position for the CNC machine
The upper right area is for servo and spindle motor control, displaying axis coordinates relative to the home position đồ án
Figure 4.27 Hole drilling interface on a circular path
The next screen adjusts parameters for hole drilling on a circular path Options include circle radius, number of holes drilled, center coordinates of the circle, lift height, and drilling depth đồ án
Figure 4.28 Hole drilling interface on rectangular perimeter
Similar to circular path drilling adjustments, this program controls drilling on rectangular shapes, allowing customization of length, width, number of holes along both length and width, coordinates of the first hole from the home position, lift height, and Z-axis drilling depth đồ án
With this screen, call program files for milling, CNC using G-code files created through parameter numbers of the Motion Program in MT Developer2
Figure 4.30 1D barcode reading area from Barcode reader
This screen area is used to read 1D barcodes from barcode readers to enable users to scan barcode classifications and select CNC program files for each sample đồ án
Conclusion and Development Directions
Conclusion
After studying and implementing the model, the research project has been fairly successful in achieving initial objectives, solving design and control problems of CNC machines with Motion CPUs to easily manufacture customized models Using a Barcode Reader allows selecting CNC models based on specific needs However, there are still limitations regarding mechanical structure
Figure 5.1 CNC milling text đồ án
Figure 5.2 Custom drilling on circular/perimeter rectangle
Figure 5.3 Custom drilling on logo đồ án
Development Direction
Use lightweight materials and a solid structure to reduce weight and increase flexibility in moving between axes, reducing milling table errors
Increase workbench size and processing space to meet larger product manufacturing needs Design a CNC machine structure that can expand or adjust dimensions based on specific product requirements
Invest in high-quality cutting tools and machining tools to handle hard materials like aluminum, iron, copper, and stainless steel Expand CNC machine capabilities to implement various machining methods such as milling, turning, drilling, and tapping
Install a cooling water system to cool cutting tools and material surfaces during machining
5.2.5 Equip automatic tool change system:
Install an automatic tool change system to automate the tool change process and increase flexibility in adapting to various machining requirements
Create protective designs to safeguard critical CNC machine components from dust and debris Improve protective systems to ensure stability and protection for components such as drivers and CPUs in harsh working environments đồ án
5.2.7 Develop complex CNC sample machining using Motion CPU Q173CPUN :
Apply Motion CPU to develop A, B axes to machine complex CNC samples to meet motion and machining requirements across multiple axes simultaneously đồ án
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