the recall model subject thematic course on environment

THE INTRODUCTION Electronics waste, or e-waste, is a growing global concern due to the rapid pace of technological advancements and the increasing consumption of electronic devices.. Thi

THE RECALL MODEL SUBJECT: Thematic Course On Environment LECTURER: PhD Nguyen Hoang Nam CLASS: Development Economic 62 — Aep

GROUP: 8 MEMBER:

Nguyen Xuan Tan - 11203503 Nguyen Hai Nguyen - 11202905 Nguyen Quoc An - 11200032 Nguyen Hong Minh - 11202528

Ha Noi, 11/202

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THE INTRODUCTION

Electronics waste, or e-waste, is a growing global concern due to the rapid pace of technological advancements and the increasing consumption of electronic devices In Vietnam, like in many other countries, the accumulation of electronic waste poses environmental, health, and resource management challenges As a response to this issue, this report explores the current state of electronic components recovery in Vietnam, highlighting the efforts to collect, recycle, and manage e-waste in an environmentally sustainable manner It also examines the key challenges and potential opportunities in the industry, as well as the importance of a well-regulated and efficient e-waste management

system

In recent years, the electronic industry in Vietnam has experienced significant growth, leading to a greater volume of e-waste generated The proper management of electronic components recovery is not only essential for environmental protection but also for the economic potential it offers This report delves into the strategies and practices adopted in Vietnam to address the e-waste issue, with a focus on the recovery of electronic components, their recycling, and their return to the market

I The overview of topic

2.1 Status of electronic waste in the world

According to a United Nations report, the global amount of electronic waste (E-waste) has increased from 41.8 million tons in 2014 to 53.6 million tons in 2019 It is expected that the global amount of e-waste Demand will continue to increase to 74.7 million tons

by 2030

E-waste mainly consists of used, damaged or discarded electronic devices These electronic devices often contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and other toxic chemicals When e-waste is not handled properly, these toxic substances can leak into the environment, polluting soil, water and air

Developed regions such as North America, Europe and East Asia are the regions that generate the most e-waste However, the growth rate of electronic waste in developing countries like Vietnam is also very alarming

2.2 The situation of electronic waste in Vietnam

According to data from the Global Waste Statistics Association (GEP), Vietnam generated about 257,000 tons of electronic waste in 2019 This number is equivalent to 2.7 kg/person, lower than the world average gender is 7.3 kg/person However, the growth rate of electronic waste in Vietnam is very rapid According to forecasts, the amount of electronic waste in Vietnam will reach 520,000 tons by 2025

The sources of e-waste generation in Vietnam are mainly from households, businesses and state agencies Waste electronic devices are often sold to scrap collectors or thrown away in landfills

2.3 Some models of electronic waste collection in Vietnam

Currently, in Vietnam there are a number of electronic waste collection models, including:

Direct collection model: This model is implemented by scrap collection businesses These businesses often purchase electronic waste from households, businesses and state

agencies

I1: Direct collection model

Collection model through collection points: This model 1s implemented by organizations and individuals Electronic waste collection points are located in residential areas, industrial parks, schools, hospitals,

I2: Collection model through collection points

Collection model through incentive programs: This model is implemented by state agencies or non-governmental organizations Incentive programs often include forms such as exchanging electronic waste for gifts, supporting shipping fees.,

Some electronic waste collection points in Vietnam

In Ho Chi Minh City:

- People's Committee of Ward 17, Phu Nhuan District (22 Nguyen Van Troi, Ward

17, Phu Nhuan District)

- People's Committee of Ward 9, District 3 (82 Ba Huyen Thanh Quan, Ward 9, District 3)

- MM Mega Market An Phu Center (Area B, An Phu - An Khanh New Urban Area,

An Phu Ward, Thu Duc City)

In Hanoi City:

- People's Committee of Thanh Cong ward, Ba Dinh district (9 Thanh Cong, Thanh Cong ward, Ba Dinh district)

- People's Committee of Trang Tien ward, Hoan Kiem district (2 Co Tan, Trang Tien ward, Hoan Kiem district)

13:Collection model through incentive programs

Electronic waste collection models are being implemented in Vietnam

Direct collection model: This is the most popular e-waste collection model in Vietnam This model is implemented by scrap collection businesses These businesses often purchase electronic waste from households, businesses and state agencies

Collection model through collection points: This model 1s implemented by organizations and individuals Electronic waste collection points are located in residential areas, industrial parks, schools, hospitals, etc People can bring electronic waste to collection points for collection

Collection model through incentive programs: This model is implemented by state agencies or non-governmental organizations Incentive programs often include forms such as exchanging electronic waste for gifts, supporting shipping fees.,

2.4 Advantages and disadvantages of models in Vietnam

The model of collecting electronic waste through collection points is a popular model in Vietnam This model has a number of advantages such as:

- High flexibility: People can bring electronic waste to collection points anywhere

- Low collection costs: Collection points are often located in residential areas, industrial parks, schools, hospitals, so collection costs are lower than direct collection from each household Family

However, this model also has some shortcomings such as:

- The collection rate is still low: According to statistics from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, only about 10% of electronic waste in Vietnam is properly collected and recycled The reason is that people are not highly aware of the harmful effects of electronic waste and how to collect and process electronic

waste

- Collection points are not synchronized: Electronic waste collection points in Vietnam are not synchronized, leading to a situation where electronic waste 1s thrown away indiscriminately

- The quality of electronic waste is not controlled: Electronic waste collection points are often not strictly controlled on the quality of electronic waste, leading to a situation where electronic waste can be mixed with impurities, causing problems difficult to recycle

- Atthe moment, the models are thought to be inconvenient; individuals continue to encounter numerous challenges as a result of the places’ lack of convenience due

to their remoteness and scarcity

The potential of the electronic waste collection industry in Vietnam is demonstrated through the following factors:

- Rapid economic growth and urbanization: Rapid economic growth and

urbanization in Vietnam leads to increasing demand for electronic products This leads to an increasing amount of electronic waste generated According to United Nations forecasts, the global amount of electronic waste will increase to 74.7 million tons by 2030 Vietnam is a developing country with rapid urbanization

The demand for electronic products in Vietnam is increasing This leads to an increasing amount of electronic waste generated

People's awareness of the harmful effects of electronic waste is increasingly enhanced: People are increasingly aware of the harmful effects of electronic waste

on the environment and human health This motivates people to bring electronic waste to collection points to be recycled

Government policy: The Vietnamese government is issuing policies to encourage the collection and recycling of electronic waste These policies create favorable conditions for businesses and organizations to participate in electronic waste collection and recycling activities

Based on the above factors, the e-waste collection industry in Vietnam has great development potential It is expected that the amount of electronic waste collected and recycled in Vietnam will reach 500,000 tons by 2025

Specifically, the potential of the e-waste collection industry in Vietnam is demonstrated through the following areas:

Collection field: The e-waste collection industry in Vietnam has great

development potential in the field of e-waste collection According to statistics from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, only about 10% of electronic waste in Vietnam 1s properly collected and recycled The reason is that people are not highly aware of the harmful effects of electronic waste and how to collect and process electronic waste To improve the rate of e-waste collection, it

is necessary to promote propaganda and education about the harmful effects of e- waste and how to collect and treat e-waste for people In addition, it is necessary to build more effective e-waste collection models

Recycling field: The e-waste collection industry in Vietnam has great development potential in the field of e-waste recycling According to United Nations forecasts, the market value of the global e-waste recycling industry will reach 62.5 billion USD by 2025 Vietnam has the potential to become a large e-waste recycling center in the Southeast Asia region To develop the electronic waste recycling industry, policies to encourage investment in this field are needed In addition, it is necessary to build electronic waste recycling facilities that meet international standards

Processing field: The e-waste collection industry in Vietnam has great

development potential in the field of e-waste treatment According to United

Nations forecasts, the amount of non-recycled electronic waste will increase to 45.2 million tons by 2030 Vietnam needs solutions to safely handle non-recycled electronic waste and efficiency To treat electronic waste that cannot be recycled,

it is necessary to build electronic waste treatment facilities that meet international standards

In order to address these shortcomings and give consumers and businesses better, more practical options for prolonging the life of electronic components, the electronic waste recovery model was developed and environmental defense

Il CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS

4.1 Classification models of electronic devices

Due to the rapid advancement of contemporary science and technology, there are currently hundreds of different kinds of electronic devices Our group categorizes electronic equipment into the following groups:

Electronic devices in the medical field

The healthcare industry is considered one of the most important sectors Therefore, there are many electronic devices that support medical professionals in this field, and they are constantly updated These devices include X-ray machines for diagnosis, MRI machines, ultrasound machines, radiation equipment used in physical therapy, and more

Marine and lighting electronic devices

Some marine and lighting devices include floodlights, fluorescent lights, signal transmission network systems, radios, alarm systems, and more

Telecommunication electronic devices

The telecommunications industry is one of the most crucial sectors, and it constantly updates its electronic devices These devices include remote signal transmission equipment such as touch screen phones, long-distance transmission devices, signal transceivers, and more

Electronic devices used in offices

To make work convenient and increase productivity, modern offices are equipped with various electronic devices Some of the most common electronic devices used in offices include computers, desktop computers, photocopiers, air conditioners, and more

Electronic audiovisual devices

This industry is similar to the telecommunications industry, with advanced and highly developed electronic devices These devices include radar, satellite stations, TVs, radio broadcast speakers, and more These are considered advanced and cutting-edge electronic devices

4,2 Classification models of electronic components

Electronic components are categorized into the following types: Passive components, Active components, and Electromechanical components

Active Electronic Components:

Active components rely on an external power source, typically referred to as DC circuits,

to contribute to electrical energy They include amplification components like diodes, bipolar transistors functioning as current controllers, and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) acting as voltage-controlled current sources These components are used as switches or amplifiers Other active components may include tunnel diodes and vacuum triode tubes

Passive Electronic Components:

Passive components typically have two terminals and are used to increase voltage or current through the resonance or transformers Passive electronic components usually do not generate energy for themselves and are unable to amplify signals unless powered externally (AC) Common passive components include resistors, capacitors, and inductors, as well as antennas

Electromechanical Components:

Electromechanical components have mechanical interactions with electronic circuits, such as switches, quartz crystals, etc Common electromechanical components include fuses, switches, connectors, relays, ceramic insulators, and more

After electronic components are sorted and classified, they may be transferred to different parties:

- Components that are still usable may be sent to repair shops, electronic equipment evaluation centers to assess their quality and remaining lifespan, and then resold or reused by companies in the manufacturing of new devices