Luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật cơ điện tử: Khảo sát hộp làm kín cơ khí cho bơm có áp suất cao, tốc độ cao tại nhà máy đạm Cà Mau

iv Mechanical seals are widely used today to seal shafts for rotating equipment such as pumps, agitators, compressors and ships.. From there, a model of the mechanical seal was built, fr

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Mechanical seals are widely used today to seal shafts for rotating equipment such as pumps, agitators, compressors and ships The thesis carries out the theoretical research, calculation and evaluation on the mechanical seals

The research method is based on the theories of mechanical seals The author has described the structure, analyzed the dynamics acting on the components of the system From there, a model of the mechanical seal was built, from which the important factors affecting the working function and life of the seal were calculated The important factors

of the seal are the hydraulic balance coefficient, the pv coefficient, the source of heat energy dissipated by the friction force of the sliding surface In addition, the thesis also proposes a method to calculate the leakage of refrigerant through the sliding surface of the mechanical seal with the given operating conditions

The thesis applies theoretical research results to evaluate for a specific case of ammonia pumping at Ca Mau Fertilizer Plant with input parameters collected from actual measurements and information from equipment manufacturers The results evaluate the actual design status of the seal and make recommendations for improvement to improve the performance of the seal and the pump

The research results help us better understand the shaft sealing methods for current rotating equipment, helping us to assess the operating status of the mechanical seal The study has given the model and calculation equations for the important parameters of the mechanical seal The research is of great significance in progressing towards mastering the technology of manufacturing mechanical seals that has so far been dependent on foreign countries

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Hình 2-7 Phân lo̩i mechanical seals 12

Hình 2-8 V̵t li͏u ch͇ t̩o O-ring và gasket 14

Hình 2-6˯ÿ͛ h͏ th͙ng API Plan 19

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IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

APA American Psychological Association

API American National Standards Institute

ISO International Organization for Standardization

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YjӕQJOyWWUөFFyWKӇEӏPjLPzQ khi FKX\ӇQÿӝQJGӑFWKHRWUөFWURQJTuá trình

WUѭӧWOjPNtQ FzQKӝSOjPNtQNtSNpSWKuFyFһSYzQJPһWWUѭӧWOjPNtQ Hai

FһSPһWWUѭӧWQj\FyWKӇOҳSÿӕLÿҫXKRһc QӕLWLӃSWDQGem seals)

Trang 12

2.4 Vұt liӋu chӃ tҥo hӝp làm kín

7KHRQKѭJLӟLWKLӋXYӅ KӝSOjPNtQÿmQrXWURQJPөF 2.2 thì FҩXWҥRFӫDPӝWKӝS

làm NtQFѫEҧQEDRJӗPFiFWKjQKSKҫQVDX các vòng làm kín JӑLOj YzQJÿӝQJYzQJ

WƭQKFiF2-ring làm kín cho FiFEӅPһWWƭQKFiFOz[R YjFiFWKjQKSKҫQNLPORҥLNKiF

- ĈӇÿiSӭQJÿLӅXNLӋQWUѭӧWNKLKRҥWÿӝQJWKuYұWOLӋXFKӃWҥRFKR YzQJÿӝQJYj

YzQJWƭQh UҩWÿһFELӋWÿiSӭQJFiF\rXFҫXYӅÿӝPjLPzQWKҩSFKӏXÿѭӧFQKLӋW

ÿӝFDRGүQQKLӋWWӕWÿӝJLmQQӣQKLӋWQKӓ« &yORҥLYұWOLӋXWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFFiF

nhjVҧQ[XҩWOӵDFKӑQÿӇFKӃWҥRFiFYzQJOjPkín là tungsten carbide, silicon

carbide và carbon graphite 1KLӋWÿӝ OjPYLӋF WӕLÿDFӫDFiFYұWOLӋX QKѭEҧQJ

FDRYjKӋVӕPDViWÿӕLYӟLFDUERQWKҩS Silicon carbide FyWKӇÿѭӧFSKkQORҥL

WKHRWKjQKSKҫQ YjTX\WUuQKVҧQ[XҩW ĈӕL YӟL KӝSOjPNtQFѫNKt,

reaction-bonded silicon carbide và self-sintered silicon carbide ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJUӝQJUmL

- 9ұWOLӋXFKROring, gasket WKѭӡQJVӱGөQJFiFYұWOLӋX là cao su và hӧS FKҩWYӟL

cao su Các lRҥL YұW OLӋX WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ, NKRҧQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ OjP YLӋF FKR

phépÿӝJLmQQӣNKLQJkPWURQJGҫX QKѭ ELӇXÿӗ 2.7 7\WKXӝFYjRP{LFKҩW

ÿѭӧFOjPNtQPjFiFQKjVҧQ[XҩWOӵDFKӑQYұWOLӋX SKKӧS 9ұWOLӋX).0 (có

WrQNKiFOj9LWRQ OjORҥLYұWOLӋXWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKҩW trong F{QJQJKLӋS vì

FyJLiWKjQKUҿ; FyNKRҧQJQKLӋWOjPYLӋFWѭѫQJÿӕLUӝQJ Wӯ- 7 0&ÿӃQ0C; có

ÿӝJLҧQQӣWURQJGҫXWKҩS FyFiFÿһFWtQKÿһFELӋWQKѭ NK{QJEҳWOӱDWtQKWKҩP

NKtWKҩSYjNKҧQăQJFKӕQJR[\KyDWKӡLWLӃWYjOmRKyDFDROjPYLӋFWӕWYӟL

QKLӅXORҥLKyDFKҩWFKӏXÿѭӧFGҫXKRһFFiFVҧQSKҭPJӕFGҫXFKӏXPjLPzQ

QKѭQJFyQKѭӧFÿLӇPOjNK{QJOjPYLӋFÿѭӧFYӟLP{LFKҩWFyFKӭDDPRQLDc, các

GҥQJFӗQQKѭ acetone, alcohol

Trang 14

Hình 2-8 9̵WOL͏XFK͇W̩R2-ring và gasket

NBR ± Nitrile Butadiene Rubber; FKM ± Fluorocarbon Rubber; EPDM ±

Ethylene Proylene Diên Rubber; HNBR ± Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber; Q ±

Slilicone Rubber; CR ± Chloroprene Rubber; ACM ± Polyacrylate Rubber;

- +ӝSOjPNtQÿѫQSingle seals: plans 01, 02, 03, 11, 13, 14, 21, 23, 31, 32, 41

- +ӝSOjPNtQkép/ Dual seals: plans 52, 53A, 53B, 54, 55

- +ӝS OjP NtQ Fy WKLӃW NӃ ÿѭӡQJQѭӟF ³4XHQFK´/ Quench seals: plans 62, 65A,

65B, 66A, 66B

- +ӝSOjPNtQNKtNK{Gas seals: plans: 72, 74, 75, 76

Trang 15+ӋWKӕQJSKөWUӧ FKRKӝSOjPNtQÿѫQ

Trang 16

Trang 17+ӋWKӕQJSKөWUӧFKRKӝSOjPNtQNpS

Trang 18+ӋWKӕQJSKөWUӧ cho Quench seals

Trang 19

Hình 2-9 6˯ÿ͛K͏WK͙QJ$3,3ODQ

2.6 Yêu cҫu ÿӝ tin cұy và ciFKѭKӓQJWKѭӡng gһp

Theo WLrXFKXҭQ API 682 [2] WKu\rXFҫX FiFQKjVҧQ[XҩW FҫQWKLӃWNӃFKӃWҥR

Accelerated seal face wear - Misalignment

- Thrust movement

- Temperature growth

- Impeller adjustment error

- Dynamic elastomer not free to move on shaft*

- Chipped edges ± face separation

- Spiral failure **

Open seal face - radial - Bent shaft

- Shaft whip

- Shaft deflection O-ring failure - Excessive temperature > 55 C

- Excessive fluid pressure

- Installation error Small leakage - Insufficient squeeze

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- Installation damage Seal embrittlement - Contaminants

Clogged bellows - Fluid hardens during down time

- Particles stuck at the inside of the bellows

Seal fracture - Stress-corrosion cracking

- Excessive PV value

- Excessive fluid pressure on seal Seal face edge chipping - Excessive shaft deflection

- Seal faces out-of-square

- Excessive shaft whip

Torsional shear - Excessive torque due to improper

lubrication

- Excessive fluid pressure surges Compression set and low pressure

leakage

- Extreme temperature operation

Fluid seepage - Insufficient seal squeeze (loss of spring

tension)

- Foreign material on rubbing surface

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Seal face distortion - Excessive fluid pressure on seal

- Foreign material trapped between faces

- Excessive PV value of seal operation

- Insufficient seal lubrication Excessive friction resulting in slow

Q ± leakage rate; I ² heat rejection efficiency; t ² temperature; P ² friction power

loss; Ptot ² contact pressure; Pr ²hydrostatic pressure in the clearance gap; ij²

temperature deformations; h ² end clearance; U ² wear; v ² peripheral velocity; f

² coefficient of friction; Ra ² roughness of friction surface; Tp ² assembly resource

Trang 23

1² hydrostatic pressure in the clearance gap; 2² contact pressure; 3² end clearance;

4² leakage; 5² friction mode; 6²friction losses; 7² thermal state; 8² temperature

deformations; 9² force deformations; 10² wear; 11² resource; 12² antifriction

properties of materials; 13² properties of the sealed medium Xem xét kKӕLVӕ± UzUӍWKuWDQKұQWKҩ\UҵQJFy \ӃXWӕWiFÿӝQJOjPWKD\ÿәL

OѭXOѭӧQJUz4 ÿҫXUDOj NKHKӣPһWWUѭӧWK YjVӵELӃQGҥQJ nhiӋWFӫDYzQJOjPNtQ

(ij) hay SKҫQWUăP WLӃS[~FFӫDPһWWUѭӧWĈLӅXQj\UҩWSKKӧSYӟLWKӵFWӃOjPYLӋF

seal, FyQKLӅXWUөVӣWUrQNKҳSWKӃ JLӟL YjFҧ9LӋW1DP7ҥLWUDQJZHEFӫDF{QJ

ty FXQJ FҩS UҩW QKLӅX WK{QJ WLQ YӅ Fѫ EҧQ Yj PӝW Vӕ SKkQ WtFK FKX\rQ VkX YӅ

mechanical seal Link web: https://www.eagleburgmann.com

- )ORZVHUYH&RUSRUDWLRQOjPӝWWұSÿRjQÿDTXӕFJLDFӫD0ӻYjOjPӝWWURQJQKӳQJ

QKj FXQJ FҩS Pi\ PyF F{QJ QJKLӋS Yj P{L WUѭӡQJ OӟQ QKҩW QKѭ Pi\ EѫP

mechanical seal « Yj FiF GӏFK Yө FKR QJjQK ÿLӋQ GҫX NKt KyD FKҩW Yj FiF

QJjQKF{QJQJKLӋSNKiF Link web: https://www.flowserve.com

- John Crane OjPӝWWKѭѫQJKLӋXX\WtQYӅ FXQJFҩSPHFKDQLFDOVHDOWUrQWKӃJLӟL

Trang 24

QKӳQJWLrXFKXҭQQKҵPFyQKӳQJNKX\ӃQFyFKR1KjVҧQ[XҩWVHDO QKӳQJQJѭӡLVӱ

GөQJQKӳQJ\rXFҫXFѫEҧQÿӇÿҧPEҧRDQWRjQYjQkQJFDRÿӝWLQFұ\FKRWKLӃWEӏ

- ISO 21049: ÿmÿѭDUDFiFTX\ÿӏQKYjNKX\ӃQQJKӏ chung YӅPHFKDQLFDOVHDO.

- API 682: WLrXFKXҭQNKX\ӃQFiRYӅFiFPHFKDQLFDOVHDOÿѭӧFVӱGөQJWURQJ công