GIӞI THIӊU CHUNG
Nguӗn QăQJOѭӧQJSKkQWiQ (Distributed Energy Resources ± DEROjP{KuQK SKiWÿLӋQTX\P{QKӓ, nҵm gҫn hoһc ngay tҥLÿLӇPWLrXWKө ÿLӋQQăQJMһc dP{KuQK FyKLӋu quҧ kinh tӃ NK{QJFDRVRYӟLP{KuQKSKiWÿLӋn tұSWUXQJQKѭQJOҥLFyWtQKGӵ SKzQJYjÿӝ tin cұy lӟn trong cung ӭQJÿLӋQGRNK{QJSKө thuӝFTXiQKLӅu YjRKӋ thӕng OѭӟLÿLӋn truyӅn tҧLYjSKkQSKӕi [1] Vұ\QrQKLӋn QD\FiFDER ÿѭӧFFK~êUҩt nhiӅu WURQJFiFOƭQKYӵFF{QJQJKLӋSYjWUӣ WKjQKPӝWWURQJFiFKѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭXÿDQJÿѭӧc TXDQWkPQKҩWWURQJOƭQKYӵFQăQJOѭӧng &ic nguӗn QăQJOѭӧQJSKkQWiQ phә biӃn hiӋn QD\WKѭӡng sӱ dөQJQăQJOѭӧQJJLyQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡLKD\GLHVHOôOjQKӳng nguӗn QăQJOѭӧQJFyWKӇ sҧn xuҩWÿLӋQTX\P{QKӓQKѭQJWѭѫQJODLQyFyWKӇ ÿѭӧFFRLQKѭ mӝt nguӗn thay thӃ bә sung cho nguӗQÿLӋn truyӅn thӕQJJL~SJLҧi quyӃt sӵ JLDWăQJ cӫa hiӋQWѭӧng ҩm OrQWRjQFҫXJk\UDEӣLQăQJOѭӧQJKyDWKҥch
+uQK1.1 Kӏch bҧn vӅ F{QJVXҩWSKiWÿLӋn theo nguӗQSKiWWӯ QăPÿӃn 2040 cӫa
/ѭӟi ÿLӋn nhӓ (Microgrid ± MGOjPӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn bao gӗPFiFQJXӗn QăQJOѭӧng SKkQWiQ, FiFEӝ pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJÿLӋn YjPӝt sӕ phө tҧLYjKӋ thӕQJÿRÿӃm, hӋ thӕQJQj\FyWKӇ hoҥWÿӝQJQKѭPӝWOѭӟLÿLӋQÿӝc lұSWiFKNKӓLOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕi hiӋQKjQK Mӝt sӕ ÿһFÿLӇm chung cӫa MG: x &{QJVXҩt cӫa mӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WKѭӡng nhӓ KѫQUҩt nhiӅu lҫn so vӟi mӝt QKjPi\ÿLӋQWK{QJWKѭӡQJQKѭQJKLӋu quҧ OjPYLӋFWKѭӡQJFDRKѫQYu ÿѭӧc lҳSÿһt gҫn vӟi tҧi QrQ tәn thҩWWUrQÿѭӡQJGk\WUX\Ӆn tҧi nhӓ x &iFMicrogrid WKѭӡng cung cҩSÿLӋn cho nguӗn cөc bӝ YjOjPYLӋc song song vӟLOѭӟLÿLӋn QuӕFJLDQrQ0*Kӛ trӧ rҩt nhiӅu trong viӋFQJăQ chһQWuQKWUҥQJTXiWҧLYjPҩWÿLӋn cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn chung Ĉӗng thӡi FNJQJ ÿҧm bҧRYjWăQJÿӝ tin cұy cӫa hӋ thӕng cung cҩSÿLӋn x VӅ m{LWUѭӡQJGRFiFQJXӗn DER WURQJOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WKѭӡng sӱ dөng FiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥROjFKtQKQrQJL~SJLҧm bӟt sӵ WiFÿӝQJOrQ P{LWUѭӡQJYjJLҧPOѭӧng CO2 GRWLrXWKө QăQJOѭӧQJKyDWKҥch x VӅ kinh tӃQKuQFKXQJFKLSKtÿӇ lҳSÿһWYjSKiWÿLӋn trrQPӝt hӋ thӕng OѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ sӁ tiӃt kiӋPÿiQJNӇ KѫQYӅ FKLSKtKҥ tҫQJYjWәn thҩWÿLӋn QăQJNKLWUX\Ӆn tҧi x VӅ thӡi gian khҳc phөc sӵ cӕ WUrQ0*OjQKDQKKѫQYjGӉ GjQJKѫQGR ÿk\OjOѭӟLÿLӋn cөc bӝ QrQYLӋFSKiWKLӋQYjxӱ Oê sӵ cӕ sӁ QKDQKKѫQ WUrQ hӋ thӕQJOѭӟLÿLӋn Quӕc gia
0{KuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ sӱ dөQJFiFQJXӗn QăQJOѭӧQJSKkQWiQ ÿӇ WăQJWtQKәn ÿӏQKYjJLҧm tҧi cho hӋ thӕQJÿLӋQSKkQSKӕi ÿmNK{QJFzQTXi[DOҥ vӟLFiFQѭӟFSKiW triӇn thuӝc khu vӵFFKkX0ӻ Yj FKkXặX, vӟi Bҳc Mӻ OjQѫLFKLӃm tӹ trӑng cao nhҩt Theo mӝt thӕQJNrFӫDKmQJ1DYLJDQW5HVHDUFKYjRQăPWKuSKkQNK~FWKӏ WUѭӡng ÿѭӧFKѭӣng lӧi nhiӅu nhҩt tӯ P{KuQKQj\OҫQOѭӧt Oj&iFWә chӭF[mKӝL1JjQKJLiR dөc (44,6 %); CӝQJÿӗQJGkQFѭ&iFQJjnh phөc vө 9QJVkXYQJ[D.KX vӵF FKѭD Fy ÿLӋQ 7KѭѫQJ PҥL&{QJ QJKLӋS 4XkQ ÿӝi (6,3%) [3]
Nhӳng thӕQJNrQj\FKRWKҩy tiӅPQăQJSKiWWULӇQP{KuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ OjUҩt lӟnYj sӁ FyWKӇ SKiWWULӇn rҩt mҥnh mӁ WURQJWѭѫQJODLJҫn khi khoҧQJFiFKYӅ F{QJQJKӋ QJj\ FjQJÿѭӧFU~WQJҳQYjFiFQJjQKF{QJQJKLӋSFjQJSKiWWULӇn WKHRKѭӟng tӵ ÿӝQJKyD F{QJQJKLӋSKyD
ViӋW1DPÿDQJWURQJWKӡi kǤ SKiWWULӇn kinh tӃYuthӃ QrQKuQKWKjQKFiFNKX F{QJQJKLӋp vӟi diӋQWtFKOrQÿӃQKjQJWUăP hectaFiFNKXÿ{WKӏ mӟLYjVӵ chuyӇQÿәi giӳa nӅQQ{QJQJKLӋp truyӅn thӕng sang nӅQQ{QJQJKLӋp ӭng dөQJF{QJQJKӋ cao Vӟi diӋQWtFKYj[XKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇQQKѭYұy rҩWWKtFKKӧSÿӇ lҳSÿһWFiFQJuӗn QăQJOѭӧng SKkQWiQ DERJL~SFXQJFҩSÿLӋn cөc bӝ YjNK{QJFҫn phҧLÿҫXWѭTXiQKLӅXYjRKӋ thӕng truyӅn tҧi
1JjQKÿLӋn ӣ ViӋW1DPÿDQJÿӕLÿҫu vӟi sӵ WăQJQKXFҫu vӅ ÿLӋn mӝWFiFKFKyng mһW7URQJNKLÿyFiFQJXӗQSKiWWUX\Ӆn thӕQJYjKӋ thӕng truyӅn tҧLÿLӋn lҥLFyVӵ SKiW triӇn chұPKѫQ'үQÿӃn sӵ TXiWҧLÿLӋQWUrQÿѭӡQJGk\ӣ mӝt sӕ khu vӵc, trong khi ӣ QѫLNKiFOҥi xҧ\UDWuQKWUҥng thiӃu hөWÿLӋQQăQJ
%rQFҥQKÿyYӟi sӵ SKiWWULӇn vӅ khoa hӑc kӻ thuұWQKѭKLӋQQD\FiFnguӗn QăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥRQKѭQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡLQăQJOѭӧQJJLyWKӫy triӅXôÿmYjÿDQJ Fy EѭӟFSKiWWULӇn mҥnh mӁ KѫQYӅ QăQJVXҩWOjPYLӋFFNJQJQKѭJLiFҧ, JyS phҫn khҷng ÿӏQKÿk\VӁ OjQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧng thay thӃ FKRFiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJKyDWKҥFKÿmlӛi thӡLWURQJWѭѫQJODLJҫQ&QJYӟi sӵ SKiWWULӇn ÿyOjVӵ hӛ trӧ ÿӃn tӯ FiFFKtQKSKӫ FiF QѭӟFWUrQthӃ giӟi JySSKҫn WK~Fÿҭy sӵ WăQJWUѭӣng cӫDFiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJÿLӋn sҥFKQj\ [1]
Trong mӝWYjLQăPJҫQÿk\FNJQJÿm[Xҩt hiӋn sӵ SKiWWULӇn cӫa FiFKӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng ± Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)JySSKҫn bҧo vӋ FiFWKLӃt bӏ ÿLӋQFNJQJQKѭKӛ trӧ hoҥWÿӝng cӫa mӝt hӋ thӕQJÿLӋn cөc bӝ
0LFURJULGNK{QJFzQOjPӝWÿӅ WjL TXiPӟLWUrQWKӃ giӟi, QKѭQJSKҫn lӟQFiFQJKLrQFӭu tӯ TXiNKӭ ÿӃn hiӋn tҥLWKѭӡQJÿӅ cұp rҩt nhiӅXÿӃQFiFEӝ biӃQÿәLF{QJ
&+ѬѪ1* 7ậ1+&ҨP THIӂ79ơ0Ө&7,ầ87+ӴC HIӊN cӭu vӅ FiFWKXұWWRiQYұt liӋu cӫDFiFEӝ biӃQÿәLF{QJVXҩt nhҵPWăng hiӋu suҩWFNJQJ QKѭJLҧPJLiWKjQKWKuQKӳQJQăPJҫQÿk\WKӃ giӟLFzQFyWKrPPӝWEjLWRiQPӟLÿyOj chҩWOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJYjFiFKVӱ dөQJQăQJOѭӧng hiӋu quҧ WUrQOѭӟLÿLӋQQyLFKXQJYj OѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ 0*QyLULrQJ
Mӝt sӕ KѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭXÿӇ giҧi quyӃWÿѭӧFEjLWRiQPӟLQj\OjWKLӃt kӃ[k\ dӵQJFiFNӏch bҧQYjOrQNӃ hoҥch vұQKjQKFKRPӝW0LFURJULG'ѭӟLÿk\OjWәng hӧp mӝt sӕ nӝLGXQJQJKLrQFӭXÿLWUѭӟc vӅ chӫ ÿӅ Qj\ x ĈһFÿLӇm cӫD0*OjFyKDLFKӃ ÿӝ hoҥWÿӝQJQrQNKLGLӉn ra sӵ chuyӇn tiӃp tӯ chӃ ÿӝ NӕLOѭӟi sang chӃ ÿӝ 7iFKÿҧo WKuWҫn sӕ WUrQOѭӟi sӁ FyWKӇ bӏ ҧQKKѭӣng rҩWQJKLrPWUӑng do sӵ NK{QJPҩWFkQEҵng vӅ F{QJVXҩt SKiWFӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ YjQKXFҫu vӅ F{QJVXҩWÿLӋn tҥLFKtQKWKӡLÿLӇm ÿyĈӇ giҧi quyӃt sӵ mҩWFkQEҵQJQj\FNJQJQKѭÿҧm bҧo sӵ әQÿӏnh cho 0* ÿy Oj NӃt hӧp hӋ thӕng SLQ WtFK trӳ QăQJ Oѭӧng (Battery Energy Storage system ± BESS) ViӋc kӃt hӧSQj\VӁ giҧi quyӃWÿѭӧc vҩQÿӅ QăQJ OѭӧQJFKROѭӟLFNJQJQKѭÿҧm bҧRÿѭӧc tҫn sӕ khi diӉn ra sӵ chuyӇn giao giӳDFiFFKӃ ÿӝ hoҥWÿӝng [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
+uQK1.2 CҩXWU~FOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ (Microgrid) bao gӗPFiFQJXӗQSKkQWiQDERVYjKӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng BESS x 0{SKӓng sӵ ÿiSӭng nhanh nhu cҫu sӱ dөQJÿLӋn mӝt Microgrid KRjQ chӍnh bao gӗPPi\SKiWÿLӋn, hӋ thӕQJQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡLÿҥi diӋn cho FiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥo ± 5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\6RXUFHVYjFiFSLQ QKLrQOLӋXÿҥi diӋn cho mӝW%(66VѫFҩp) ӣ FiFFKӃ ÿӝ OjPYLӋF³Grid- FRQQHFWHG´Yj³,VODQGLQJ´'RFiFWK{QJVӕ ÿLӋQiSYjWҫn sӕ WKѭӡng cho biӃt ÿѭӧc sӵ әQÿӏnh cӫa mӝWOѭӟLÿLӋQQrQFiFEjLP{SKӓQJQj\FNJQJ khҧRViW0*GӵDWUrQKDLWK{QJVӕ WUrQ.Ӄt quҧ cӫDFiFQJKLrQFӭXQj\ sӁ cho thҩ\ÿѭӧc sӵ ҧQKKѭӣng cӫDÿLӋQiSYjWҫn sӕ ӣ FiFFKӃ ÿӝ OjP viӋFNKiFQKDXFӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ [4] [5] [6] [8] x VұQKjQKKRҥWÿӝng cӫa mӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ phө thuӝc nhiӅXYjGӉ bӏ WiF ÿӝng bӣLFiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥRFiFEӝ pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng Yj FiF[XKѭӟQJQăQJOѭӧng mӟLQKѭ[HÿLӋn (Plug-LQ(OHFWULF9HKLFOHVĈӇ WUiQKFiFҧQKKѭӣng cӫa nguӗQSKiWQJXӗn pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJYj FiFWҧLQăQJOѭӧQJKѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭu vӅ hӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng (Energy Management System ± (06 GjQK FKR 0LFURJULGFNJQJFyVӵ SKiWWULӇn Vӟi mөFÿtFKOjÿӇ ÿӗng bӝ KyDYjÿLӅu khiӇQÿLӋQiS9YjWҫn sӕ f cӫDFiFWKjQKSKҫQWURQJOѭӟLÿLӋn [4] [6] [7] x CҩXWU~FFXQJFҩSQăQJOѭӧQJÿLӋQFKtQKFKRPӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WKѭӡng tұSWUXQJYjROѭӟLÿLӋQFKXQJYjFiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥRĈһFÿLӇm cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQFKXQJOjFyWKӇ ÿiSӭng nhu cҫu vӅ ÿLӋQOLrQWөFQKѭQJ lҥLFyQKLӅu mӭFJLiYӅ ÿLӋn chia theo tӯng khung giӡ nhҩWÿӏQKYjFyWKӇ bӏ TXiWҧi tҥLFiFWKӡLJLDQFDRÿLӇPWURQJQJj\ĈһFÿLӇm chung cӫDFiF nguӗQQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥROjOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJSKiWUDOjNK{QJOLrQWөc, tұp trung nhiӅXYjRPӝt thӡLÿLӇPYjFyWKӇ NK{QJWKӇ cung cҩSYjRPӝt thӡi ÿLӇPNKiFWURQJQJj\+ѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭu vӅ ÿLӅu phӕLGzQJF{QJVXҩt giӳDFiFQJXӗQSKiWWK{QJTXDKӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng BESS ÿѭӧFSKiWWULӇn nhҵm tӕLѭXKyDÿѭӧFOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJFXQJFҩp bӣLFiF nguӗn cung cҩSFKtQKYjJLҧPJLiWKjQKNKLVӱ dөQJÿLӋQQăQJFKROѭӟi ÿLӋn nhӓ [4] [6] [8] [9] [10]
+uQK1.3 BiӇXÿӗ cho biӃt sӵ tiӃt giҧm phө tҧLÿӍQKYjRJLӡ FDRÿLӇm x Ӣ chӃ ÿӝ OjPYLӋFWiFKNKӓLOѭӟL³,VODQGLQJ´QJRjLFiFKVӱ dөng hӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧQJ(06ÿӇ ÿӗng bӝ KyDYjÿLӅu khiӇn V-f hoһc hӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJ%(66ÿӇ ÿLӅu phӕLGzQJ F{QJVXҩt cho OѭӟL ÿLӋn nhӓ 7Ku YLӋF ÿӅ UD FiF FKLӃQ OѭӧF ÿLӅu chӍQK F{QJ VXҩW FiF nguӗQSKiWYjNӃ hoҥch sa thҧi phө tҧLFKRFiFWKӡLÿLӇPWURQJWѭѫQJODL FNJQJOjPӝWKѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭXÿӇ WăQJWtQKәQÿӏnh cho hӋ thӕng Thuұt WRiQFӫa logic mӡ WKѭӡQJÿѭӧc ӭng dөQJÿӇ giҧi quyӃt FiFEjLWRiQQj\ [4] [5] [6] [7] [9] [10] [11] x Bҧo vӋ FKRFiFQJXӗQSKkQWiQDER WUrQOѭӟLÿLӋQÿӇ FyNKҧ QăQJQJҳt kӃt nӕi ngay lұp tӭc khi xҧ\UDFiFsӵ cӕ WUrQOѭӟLÿLӋn, dүQÿӃn sӵ mҩt OѭӟLÿLӋn (loss of grid ± /2*OjFiFKÿӇ WăQJÿӝ tin cұ\FKROѭӟLÿLӋn ĈLӅXQj\FKRSKpSFiFQJXӗn QăQJOѭӧQJSKkQWiQ hoҥWÿӝQJQKѭFiF ³ÿҧRQăQJOѭӧQJ´SKKӧSÿӇ GX\WUuQJXӗn cung cҩSÿLӋQOLrQWөc cho FiFWҧi trӑng GiҧLSKiSQj\Vӱ dөQJFiFPi\FҳWYjFiFGөng cө ÿROѭӡng, ÿӇ SKiW hiӋQÿѭӧFFiFsӵ cӕ WUrQOѭӟLYjSKӕi hӧSÿyng cҳWÿӇ WiFKFiFDERs ra khӓLOѭӟLÿLӋQ7X\NK{QJSKҧLOjKѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭu trӵc tiӃp
FKROѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓQKѭQJQӃu ӭng dөQJÿѭӧFFKR0*WKuVӁ JL~SWăQJÿӝ tin cұ\FNJQJQKѭFKҩWOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJFKROѭӟi [6] [10] [11]
MӨ&ĈË&+&ӪA LUҰ19Ă1
Tәng quan
Microgrids FyWKӇ ÿѭӧFÿӏQKQJKƭDOjKӋ thӕQJÿLӋQSKkQWiQ bao gӗPFiFQJXӗn SKiWÿLӋQSKkQWiQ'(5VKӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJ%(66FiFSKө tҧLÿLӋn Yj FiFWKLӃt bӏ bҧo vӋ HӋ thӕQJÿLӋQSKkQWiQQj\FyWKӇ hoҥWÿӝng ÿѭӧc ӣ hai chӃ ÿӝ ÿy
Oj NӕLOѭӟi (Grid-connected) Yj 7iFKÿҧo (Islanding) MӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WKѭӡQJÿѭӧc nhұn biӃt bӣi sӵ FkQEҵng vӅ F{QJVXҩt tK{QJTXDYLӋFÿLӅu khiӇn nguӗQSKiWYjNLӇm VRiWWҧLWURQJOѭӟiFiFgiӟi hҥn tҧLÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKU}YjNKҧ QăQJ7iFKÿҧo cao [12] 7\WKHRQKXFҫu sӱ dөng, mӝW0*FyWKӇ cung cҩSFQJO~FÿLӋn xoay chiӅX$&Yj ÿLӋn mӝt chiӅX'&ÿӇ tӕi ѭXKyDFiFKYұQKjQKFӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQĈӝ tin cұy cӫa mӝWOѭӟi ÿLӋn nhӓ WKѭӡQJFDRKѫQOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕLGRFyVӵ tham gia cӫDFiFQJXӗQSKkQ WiQ'(5V YjKӋ thӕng SLQWtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng BESS ViӋFWtFKKӧS0*YjRKӋ thӕng OѭӟLÿLӋQFKXQJÿѭӧc kǤ vӑng sӁ giҧi quyӃWÿѭӧc hҫu hӃWFiFYҩQÿӅ kӻ thuұWGRWtFK hӧSFiFQJXӗQSKkQWiQJk\UDĈLӅXQj\FNJQJVӁ JL~SJLҧm tҧi viӋFÿLӅu phӕLFiFQJXӗn SKiWFKtQKWURQJOѭӟLÿLӋQFKXQJQkQJFDRÿӝ tin cұ\YjFKҩWOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJWUrQWRjQ hӋ thӕQJÿLӋQÿӗng thӡLFNJQJOjKѭӟQJÿLSKiWWULӇQFKROѭӟLÿLӋQWK{QJPLQKVDXQj\ [12]
&iFKÿiӅu khiӇQYjYұQKjQKWURQJOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ OjQKӳng yӃu tӕ quan trӑng quyӃWÿӏnh sӵ WKjQKF{QJFӫa hӋ thӕQJÿLӋn, chҷng hҥQQKѭ FiF chӭFQăQJÿLӅu khiӇn trong chӃ ÿӝ 7iFKÿҧo (Islanding) hoһFWUDRÿәi F{QJVXҩt vӟLOѭӟLÿLӋn SKkQSKӕi ӣ chӃ ÿӝ NӕLOѭӟi (Grid-connected) 7\YjRNtFKWKѭӟFFNJQJQKѭQKXFҫu sӱ dөng cӫa mӝt 0*WKuKӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧQJFyWKӇ chӍ cҫn phҫn mӅm hoһc cҧ phҫn mӅPYj phҫn cӭng [12]
2.1.2 &iFcҩXKuQK WLrXELӇu cӫa OѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ
/ѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ sӁ ÿѭӧc thiӃt kӃ dӵDWUrQsӕ OѭӧQJYjQKXFҫu sӱ dөng cӫDFiF nguӗQSKiWKӋ thӕng SLQWtFKWUӳ YjFiFWҧLWUrQOѭӟi, sao cho viӋc kӃt nӕi giӳa nguӗn YjWҧLOjWӕLѭXQKҩt Mӝt Microgrid sӁ OX{QEDRJӗPFiFQJXӗQÿLӋn xoay chiӅX$&Yj ÿLӋn mӝt chiӅX'&QJѭӡLWDSKkQORҥLOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WK{QJTXDFҩXWU~FNӃt nӕi cӫDFiF WKDQKFiL$&Yj'&CiFFҩXKuQKWLrXELӇu cӫa mӝW0*OjAC-coupled, DC-coupled Yj$&-DC-coupled ắ C ̭XKuQK AC-Coupled Hybrid Microgrid Ӣ cҩXKuQK$&-coupled hybridFiFQJXӗQSKiWSKkQWiQ'(5V Yj hӋ thӕng pin WtFKtrӳ %(66ÿѭӧc kӃt nӕLFKXQJYjRWKDQKFiLÿLӋQ$&WK{QJTXDFiFEӝ chuyӇn nguӗn '&$&$&'&$&ULrQJlҿ RLrQJKӋ thӕng SLQWtFKWUӳ BESS sӁ sӱ dөng bӝ chuyӇn ÿәi 2 chiӅX ³bidirectional converters´ ÿӇ Fy WKӇ cung cҩS GzQJ F{QJ VXҩt 2 chiӅu (nҥp/xҧNKLOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ cҫn Tҥi cҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ Qj\FiFWҧL$&Yj'&FNJQJ ÿѭӧc kӃt nӕLFKXQJYjRWKDQKFiL$&ÿӕi vӟi tҧi DC sӁ cҫn kӃt nӕi vӟi bӝ chuyӇn nguӗn
$&'&ÿӇ FyWKӇ sӱ dөQJÿѭӧc CҩXKuQKQj\FNJQJOjFҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WK{QJ dөng nhҩWYuFiFQJXӗQSKiWWKѭӡQJOjPi\SKiWÿLӋQGLHVHOYjFiFWҧL$&WKѭӡng chiӃPѭXWKӃ WURQJOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ [13]
+uQK2.1 Cҩu KuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ ODLWKDQKFiL$&$&-Coupled Hybrid Microgrid)
&+ѬѪ1* TӘNG QUAN Vӄ /ѬӞ,Ĉ,ӊN NHӒ 9ơ+ӊ THӔNG QUҦ1/ộ1Ă1* /ѬӦNG ắ C ̭XKuQK DC-Coupled Hybrid Microgrid Ӣ cҩXKuQKDC-FRXSOHGK\EULGFiFQJXӗQSKiWSKkQWiQ'(5VYjKӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ %(66ÿѭӧc kӃt nӕLFKXQJYjRWKDQKFiLÿLӋn DC, bӝ chuyӇQÿәi Interfacing converters (IFCs) OjSKҫn quan trӑng ÿѭӧFGQJÿӇ kӃt nӕi KDLWKDQKFiL'&Yj$& CҩXKuQKQj\FKӍ tӕLѭXQKҩWÿӕi vӟLOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ FyQJXӗQSKkQWiQSKiWÿLӋn DC chiӃPѭXWKӃ trong hӋ thӕng Tҥi cҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ Qj\FiFWҧi AC bao gӗm FiF tҧLFyWҫn sӕ WKD\ÿәi PRWRUWKD\ÿәi tӕFÿӝ), sӁ ÿѭӧc kӃt nӕLFKXQJYjRWKDQKFiL'& WK{QJTXDFiFEӝ chuyӇQÿәi DC/AC Trong hӋ thӕQJQj\,)&s cung cҩSGzQJÿLӋn hai chiӅu giӳDFiFEXV$&Yj'&7\WKXӝFYjR\rXFҫXWUDRÿәLQăQJOѭӧng giӳDFiFEus '&Yj$&FiF,)&s VRQJVRQJWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc sӱ dөng vӟi mӭFÿiQKJLiYjÿӝ tin cұy FDRKѫQ [13]
LѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ lai sӱ dөng cҩXKuQK'&-FRXSOHGWKѭӡQJÿѭӧc sӱ dөng ӣ YQJ VkXYQJ[DKҧLÿҧRQѫLPjFiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧng chiӃPѭXWKӃ YjOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕi bӏ hҥn chӃ ViӋFiSGөng hӋ thӕQJQj\VӁ JL~SQkQJFDRÿӝ tin cұ\FNJQJQKѭQăQJVXҩt cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn
+uQK2.2 CҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ lai thanh FiL'C (DC-Coupled Hybrid Microgrid) ắ C ̭XKuQK AC-DC-Coupled Hybrid Microgrid
CҩXWU~FFӫa cҩXKuQKQj\FNJQJNKiWѭѫQJÿӗng vӟi cҩXKuQK'&-FRXSOHG1KѭQJ NKiFYӟi DC-coupled, ӣ cҩXKuQK$&-DC coupled, cҧ KDLWKDQKFiL$&Yj'&ÿӅXÿѭӧc kӃt nӕi vӟLFiFnguӗn SKkQWiQ'(5VYjKӋ thӕng SLQWtFKWUӳ %(66+DLWKDQKFiLQj\ ÿѭӧc kӃt nӕi vӟLQKDXWK{ng TXDFiFEӝ chuyӇQÿәi Interfacing converters (IFCs) Do hӋ thӕQJFyFҧ KDLWKDQKFiL$&Yj'&KRҥWÿӝQJVRQJVRQJQrQÿzLKӓi rҩt cao trong viӋc quҧQOêÿLӅu khiӇQÿLӋQiS YjF{QJVXҩt trRQJOѭӟLÿLӋQ&NJQJWѭѫQJÿӗng vӟi DC- FRXSOHGFiFIFCs song song sӁ cung cҩSGzQJÿLӋn hai chiӅu giӳDFiFEXV$&Yj'&, JL~SWăQJQăQJVXҩWYjÿӝ tin cұy cӫa hӋ thӕng NKuQFKXQJ$&-DC-coupled hybrid PLFURJULGÿӅu cҫn sӵ FkQEҵng vӅ FiFQJXӗQSKiWFNJQJQKѭWҧi sӱ dөQJÿLӋQ$&Yj'& ÿLӅXQj\VӁ JL~SWӕLѭXKyDKRҥWÿӝng cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn [13]
/ѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ lai sӱ dөng cҩXKuQKAC-DC-coupled sӁ JL~SWăQJQăQJVXҩWYj giҧPFKLSKtÿҫXWѭFKRKӋ thӕQJWK{QJTXDYLӋc giҧPÿLFiFEӝ chuyӇQÿәi AC/DC hoһc DC/AC 1KѭQJÿӇ ÿҥWÿѭӧc sӵ tӕLѭXYjJLҧPÿѭӧFFKLSKtWKuOѭӟLÿLӋn phҧLÿѭӧc quy hoҥFKYjWKLӃt kӃ ngay tӯ ÿҫu
+uQK2.3 CҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ lai sӱ dөng hai WKDQKFiL ÿLӋQ$&YjÿLӋn DC
(AC-DC Coupled Hybrid Microgrid)
&+ѬѪ1* TӘNG QUAN Vӄ /ѬӞ,Ĉ,ӊN NHӒ 9ơ+ӊ THӔNG QUҦ1/ộ1Ă1*/ѬӦNG
Mӝt sӕ dӵ iQWLrXELӇu
LIFE FACTORY MICROGRID OjPӝt dӵ iQWUuQKGLӉn nҵPWURQJFKѭѫQJWUuQK LIFE + 2013 thuӝc Ӫy EDQ&KkXặXYӟi mөFWLrXFKtQKOjFKӭQJPLQKWK{QJTXDYLӋc kӃt nӕi FiFOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ TX\P{QKjPi\OҥLÿӇ KuQKWKjQKPӝWOѭӟLÿLӋQWK{QJPLQK Smart GridFyWKӇ trӣ WKjQKPӝt trong nhӳng giҧLSKiSSKKӧSÿӇ sҧn xuҩWYjTXҧQOê QăQJOѭӧQJWURQJFiFNKXF{QJQJKLӋSĈӗng thӡi giҧm thiӇXWiFÿӝQJÿӃQP{LWUѭӡng NKLFiFNKXF{QJQJKLӋp hoҥWÿӝng Mӝt trong nhӳng nKjPi\Microgrid ÿm ÿѭӧF[k\ dӵng tӯ WKiQJQăPÿӃQWKiQJQăPYjÿҥi diӋn cho khoҧQÿҫXWѭNKRҧng
2 triӋu euro Khoҧng 50% tәng sӕ tiӅn sӁ ÿѭӧFWjLWUӧ bӣLFKѭѫQJWUuQK/,)(&iFÿӕi WiF Fӫa dӵ iQ Oj 7ұS ÿRjQ -RIHPDU Yj 7UXQJ WkP 1ăQJ OѭӧQJ 7iL Wҥo Quӕc gia, CENT(5,VDEHO&DUULOHUR-RIHPDUOj*LiPÿӕc dӵ iQ [14]
/ѭӟLÿLӋQTX\P{QKjPi\ÿҫXWLrQWURQg dӵ iQÿѭӧF[k\Gӵng tҥL3HUDOWD7k\ Ban Nha vӟLWrQQKjPi\Oj-RIHPDU1KjPi\EDRJӗm mӝWWXDELQJLyN:YjKӋ thӕQJQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡi PVs iSPiLN:NqPYӟi hӋ thӕng WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng (bao gӗm hai hӋ SLQOjSLQ=Q-%UN:KYjSLQ/L-ion 60 kWh) [15]
+uQK2.4 /ѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ TX\P{QKjPi\-RIHPDU 3HUDOWD7k\%DQ1KD ắ ͦ Vi t Nam
TәQJF{QJW\ĈLӋn lӵc TP Hӗ &Kt0LQK(91+&0&ÿDQJ dӵ ÿӏnh triӇn khai WKtÿLӇm dӵ iQOѭӟLÿLӋQ0LFURJULGOѭӟLÿLӋQWK{QJPLQKTX\P{QKӓFyWtFKKӧSQăQJ OѭӧQJWiLWҥRYjKӋ thӕQJSLQWtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧng (BESS) Vӟi mөFÿtFKWtFKKӧSYj SKiWWULӇn hiӋu quҧ nguӗQÿLӋQSKkQWiQ± hӋ thӕQJÿLӋn mһt trӡLiSPiLWURQJWKjQK phӕ
7K{QJTXDYLӋFÿҭy mҥnh F{QJWiFWX\rQWUX\Ӆn, khuyӃQNKtFKNKiFKKjQJOҳp ÿһt hӋ thӕng ÿLӋn mһt trӡLPiLQKj (Ĉ0701) TәQJF{QJW\FNJQJÿm[k\GӵQJFKX\rQ mөFULrQJYӅ ÿLӋn mһt trӡLPiLQKjWUrQZHEVLWH&KăPVyFNKiFKKjQJWӯ QăP nhҵm phә biӃQF{QJNKDLPLQKEҥFKFiFWK{QJWLQFҫn thiӃWQKѭFѫFKӃ JLi),7Fӫa
&KtQKSKӫFiFTX\ÿӏnh cӫa Bӝ &{QJ7KѭѫQJYj7ұSÿRjQĈLӋn lӵc ViӋt Nam vӅ viӋc PXDĈ0701F{QJNKDLWK{QJWLQÿҩu nӕi giҧi tӓDF{QJVXҩWFiFFKѭѫQJWUuQKѭXÿmL F{QJ Fө hӛ trӧ NKiFK KjQJ WtQK WRiQ QKDQK FKL SKtKLӋu quҧ NKL ÿҫX Wѭ KӋ thӕng Ĉ0701ô Nhӡ ÿyWtQKÿӃQQJj\WUrQWRjQÿӏDEjQ73+ӗ &Kt0LQKÿmFy 14.250 hӋ thӕQJĈ0701Yӟi tәQJF{QJVXҩt 365 0:SÿLYjRYұQKjQK [16]
NhҵPSKiWhuy hiӋu quҧ cӫa nguӗQÿLӋQSKkQWiQ(91+&0&ÿDQJWULӇn khai dӵ iQWKtÿLӇPOѭӟLÿLӋQ0LFURJULGFyWtFKKӧSQăQJOѭӧQJWiLWҥRYjKӋ thӕQJSLQWtFK trӳ QăQJOѭӧng (BESS) tҥL7UXQJWkP'ӳ liӋu (Data Center) Dӵ kiӃn, cuӕLQăP dӵ iQVӁ KRjQWKjQKYjÿLYjRYұQKjQK+Ӌ thӕQJ%(66FyGXQJOѭӧQJOѭXWUӳ khoҧng
350 N:KÿiSӭQJF{QJVXҩt cӵFÿҥi 288 kW cӫa hӋ thӕQJPi\WtQKFKӫ server [16]
&+ѬѪ1* TӘNG QUAN Vӄ /ѬӞ,Ĉ,ӊN NHӒ 9ơ+ӊ THӔNG QUҦ1/ộ 1Ă1*/ѬӦNG
Hӊ THӔNG QUҦ1/é1Ă1*/ѬӦNG ± ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Giӟi thiӋu
Vӟi sӵ SKiWWULӇn cӫDF{QJQJKӋ YjNӻ thuұt, viӋc sӱ dөQJFiFQJXӗQSKiWÿLӋn SKkQWiQ Yj hӋ thӕng pin WtFKWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJWURQJFiFPҥQJOѭӟLSKkQSKӕi NK{QJFzQ TXi[DOҥÿLӅXQj\JL~SQkQJFDRWtQKWLQFұy cӫa hӋ thӕQJÿLӋQYjFyOӧi vӅ mһt kinh tӃ Microgrids OjPӝt giҧi SKiSJL~S QJѭӡLGQJÿLӋQFyWKӇ tiӃp cұn gҫQKѫQOӧi tFKFӫa FiFQJXӗQQăQJOѭӧQJQj\PӝWFiFK FyKӋ thӕQJYjGӉ vұQKjQK+Ӌ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJ Oѭӧng (06FKRSKpS0*WKHRG}LYjNLӇPVRiWFiFQJXӗn SKiWÿLӋn trong OѭӟLÿLӋn vӟi thӡi gian thӵc EMS cӫa 0*FyWKӇ ÿѭӧc giӟi thiӋXQKѭPӝt hӋ thӕng WtFKKӧp cҧ phҫn mӅPYjSKҫn cӭQJPDQJÿӃn mӝt giҧLSKiS hӛ trӧ quyӃWÿӏQKFKRQJѭӡLÿLӅXKjQK 0*WURQJÿyWҩt cҧ FiFQKLӋm vө JLiPViWUDTX\ӃWÿӏQKYjNLӇPVRiWFyWKӇ ÿѭӧc thӵc hiӋn bӣLFKtQKKӋ thӕng EMS [17]
+ѫQQӳDQy[iFÿӏQKFiFKWKӭFWUDRÿәLQăQJOѭӧng vӟLOѭӟLÿLӋQFKtQKGӵDWUrQFiFUjQJEXӝc vұQKjQKYjÿLӅu kiӋn hӋ thӕQJQKѭWLrXWKө phө tҧLJLiWKӏ WUѭӡQJÿLӋn, khҧ QăQJSKiWÿLӋn cӫDFiFWә Pi\YjQăQJOѭӧng dӵ trӳ cӫa hӋ thӕQJOѭXWUӳ QăQJOѭӧQJ1JRjLWUҥQJWKiLKRҥWÿӝQJEuQKWKѭӡng, EMS cҫQFK~êÿӃQFiFÿLӅu kiӋn quan trӑng cӫDFiFWUѭӡng hӧp dӵ SKzQJ9uPөFÿtFKQj\FiFUjQJEXӝc bҧo mұWÿѭӧc xem [pWWURQJP{KuQKWRiQKӑc vӅ hoҥWÿӝng cӫa MG bҵQJFiFKVӱ dөQJFiFUjQJEXӝFOLrQTXDQÿӃn tҫn sӕ.
ĈһFÿLӇm kӻ thuұt
HӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng EMS cӫa mӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ FKRSKpS WKHRG}LYj kiӇPVRiWOѭӟi vӟi FiFFKӭFQăQJNKiFQKDXQKѭ
- *LiPViWFiFhoҥWÿӝng OѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ WURQJFiFÿLӅu kiӋQNKiFQKDX
- 3KkQWtFKWuQKWUҥng cӫa hӋ thӕng ӣ FiFWUҥQJWKiLKRҥWÿӝQJNKiFQKDX
- Khҧ QăQJӭng SKyYӟLFiFrӫi ro khi vұQKjQK;
- Thӵc hiӋQFiFKjQKÿӝng kiӇPVRiW
&iFWtQKLӋXÿҫXYjRNKiFQKDXÿѭӧc cung cҩSFKR(06YjÿѭӧFSKkQWtFKWK{QJ qua thuұWWRiQ cӫDQy&iFNӃt quҧ hoһc quyӃWÿӏQKÿҫXUDFyWKӇ ÿѭӧc sӱ dөQJÿӇ ÿiQK JLiFiFÿLӅu kiӋn hӋ thӕQJWK{QJTXDFiFEiRFiRÿӗ hӑa hoһFÿѭӧc tӵ ÿӝng gӱLÿӃQFiF WiFQKkQNKiFQKDXGѭӟi dҥng lӋQKÿLӅXÿӝQJ(06FyPӝt chӭFQăQJTXDQWUӑng trong ÿLӅu khiӇn thӡi gian thӵFWURQJÿyGӳ liӋXÿҫXYjRFyÿӝ WKD\ÿәLFDRYjWURQJÿLӅu kiӋn QKѭYұ\ÿLӅu khiӇn thӫ F{QJVӁ NK{QJWKӇ xӱ OêKӋ thӕng Ӣ mӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ Fy thӇ FyUҩt nhiӅu FiFWiFQKkQNKiFnhau WiFÿӝQJOrQQy QrQ viӋc cӫa EMS Oj sӁ xӱ Oê FK~QJ +uQK2.5 thӇ hiӋQFiFPӕi quan hӋ Qj\ [17]
+uQK2.5 CҩXWU~FÿLӇQKuQKFӫa hӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng EMS
TӘNG QUAN Vӄ &ẩ&&é1*75ẻ1+1+ơ0ẩ<7ҤI VIӊT NAM 16 3.2 0é+ẻ1+/ѬӞ,Ĉ,ӊN NHӒ Ĉӄ XUҨT
Sӵ SKiWWULӇn cӫDFiFQJjQK F{QJQJKLӋSYj nӅn kinh tӃ tҥi ViӋt Nam dүQÿӃn sӵ WăQJWUѭӣng vӅ sӕ Oѭӧng cӫa FiFdoanh nghiӋSWURQJQѭӟFYjVӵ tham gia cӫDFiFGRDQK nghiӋSQѭӟFQJRjLĈLӅXQj\dүQÿӃn sӵ WăQJQKDQK vӅ sӕ Oѭӧng cӫDFiFQKjPi\[t nghiӋSYjNKXF{QJQJKLӋp trҧLGjLWUrQOmQKWKә
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3 cҩSÿLӋQiSÿLӋQiSÿҫXYjRWUXQJWKӃ N9YjKDLFҩp hҥ iSVӱ dөQJ9Yj9
3 cҩSÿLӋQiSQj\ÿӅu sӱ dөQJÿLӋQiS[RD\FKLӅu tҫn sӕ 50Hz, mӛi [ѭӣng sҧn xuҩt cӫa QKj Pi\ ÿӅX Fy PӝW Pi\ SKiW ÿLӋn chҥy dҫX GLHVHO F{QJ VXҩt tӯ 500 N9$ ÿӃn 2,000 N9$ÿӇ dӵ SKzQJFKRFiFWUѭӡng hӧp mҩWÿLӋQÿӝt ngӝt Vӟi nhu cҫu sӱ dөng ÿLӋQQăQJFDRYjEҧo vӋ FiFWKLӃt bӏ ÿLӋn tӱ F{QJQJKӋ cao cӫDPuQKQKjPi\60& phase 1 tҥL.&1/RQJĈӭFÿmOҳSÿһWWKrPKӋ thӕQJQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡi iSPiL Fy F{QJ VXҩW ÿӏnh mӭF Oj MW Yj KӋ thӕQJ SLQ WtFK WUӳ QăQJ OѭӧQJ Fy F{QJ VXҩt
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&+ѬѪ1* 0é+ẻ1++ẽ$/ѬӞ,Ĉ,ӊN NHӒ ắ 1KjPi\ Nitori Furniture Vi t Nam
&{QJ WUuQK QKj Pi\ Nitori Furniture ViӋt Nam thuӝc tұS WRjQ NITORI FURNITURE cӫa Nhұt BҧQFKX\rQsҧn xuҩWYjcung cҩSFiF ÿӗ nӝi thҩt chҩWOѭӧng cao phөc vө FKRÿӡi sӕng
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WKjQKPӝWOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ, luұQYăQ Qj\VӁ ÿӅ xuҩWP{KuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ FKRQKjPi\ vӟi cҩXKuQKVӱ dөQJFKXQJWKDQKFiL$&YӟLFiFQJXӗQSKkQWiQOjPi\SKiWÿLӋn chҥy dҫXGLHVHOYjKӋ thӕQJQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡi PVs iSPiL kӃt hӧp vӟi hӋ thӕQJSLQWtFK trӳ QăQJOѭӧng BESS ắ 0{KuQKÿ͉ xu ̭ t
/ѭӟLÿLӋQQKӓTX\P{QKjPi\
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4.1 &ẩ&CHIӂ1 /ѬӦ& Ĉ,ӄU KHIӆ1 9ơ ӂ HOҤCH QUҦ1 /ộ 1Ă1*/ѬӦNG Ĉư&ẽ
ChiӃQOѭӧFÿLӅu khiӇQYjNӃ hoҥch quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧQJÿѭӧF[HPQKѭOjEӝ QmR cӫDWRjQEӝ hӋ thӕQJOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓYuQyTX\ӃWÿӏnh trӵc tiӃSÿӃQFiFKWKӭc vұQKjQK FNJQJQKѭQăQJVXҩWOjPYLӋc cӫDOѭӟi ChiӃQOѭӧFÿLӅu khiӇn sӁ quyӃWÿӏQKF{QJVXҩt thӵFYjF{QJVXҩt phҧQNKiQJFӫDFiFQJXӗQSKiWÿLӋQSKkQWiQPi\SKiWÿLӋn, hӋ thӕQJSLQQăQJOѭӧng mһt trӡi, hӋ thӕQJSKiWÿLӋQJLyYYYjKӋ thӕQJWtFKWUӳ Qăng OѭӧQJFNJQJQKѭWҫn sӕ YjÿLӋQiSWUrQOѭӟLÿLӋn dӵDWKHRFiFNӃ hoҥch quҧQOêQăQJ OѭӧQJÿmÿѭӧFWtQKWRiQWӯ WUѭӟc [13]
ChiӃQOѭӧFÿLӅu khiӇQYjNӃ hoҥch vұn KjQK quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng sӁ ÿѭӧc chuyӇn KRiWKjQKFiFWKXұWWRiQÿLӅu khiӇQYjÿѭDYjRKӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng chung cho WRjQOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ&iFWKXұWWRiQQj\VӁ WKD\ÿәi theo cҩXKuQKFNJQJQKѭORҥi nguӗn SKiWSKkQWiQÿӇ ÿҥWÿѭӧc sӵ tӕLѭXKyD trong vұQKjQKFӫDFiFOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ
PhҫQQj\VӁ giӟi thiӋXFic chiӃQOѭӧFÿLӅu khiӇQYjNӃ hoҥch quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng GjQKFKRFҩXKuQKOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ ÿmÿѭӧc giӟi thiӋu ӣ phҫn 2.1.2 ắ C ̭XKuQK$& -Coupled Hybrid Microgrid
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THUҰ772È1Ĉӄ XUҨT
CҩXWU~FWKXұWWRiQYjFiFWK{QJVӕ ÿLӅu khiӇn
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&iF WK{QJVӕ ÿLӅu khiӇn YjWK{QJVӕ ÿROѭӡQJÿҫXYjRcӫa hӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJ OѭӧQJ(06ÿѭӧc thӇ hiӋn ӣ hai bҧQJErQGѭӟi
Bҧng 4.1 &iFWK{QJVӕ ÿLӅu khiӇn cho hӋ thӕng EMS
STT 7tQKLӋu ÿLӅu khiӇn MөFÿtFK
1 GridBreaker 7tQKLӋXÿLӅu khiӇQPi\Fҳt vӟLOѭӟi ÿLӋn SKkQSKӕi
2 GensetSignal 7tQKLӋXÿLӅu khiӇQPi\SKiWKRҥWÿӝng
3 PVBreaker 7tQKLӋXÿLӅu khiӇQPi\Fҳt hӋ thӕng PVs
4 Pc_BESS 7tQKLӋXÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt thӵc cho BESS
5 Qc_BESS 7tQKLӋXÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt phҧQNKiQJFKR%(66
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7 Alarm 7tQKLӋu cҧQKEiRNKLPi\SKiWhoҥWÿӝng Gѭӟi 10%
F{QJVXҩWÿӏnh mӭc ӣ chӃ ÿӝ 7iFKÿҧo
Bҧng 4.2 &iFWK{QJVӕ ÿROѭӡQJÿҫXYjRFKRKӋ thӕng EMS
1 GridStatus 7tQKLӋXJLiPViWKRҥWÿӝng cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn SKkQSKӕi
2 Hours Lҩ\WtQKLӋu thӡLÿLӇm hoҥWÿӝng cӫa MG
3 PeakShavingMode 7tQKLӋXNtFKKRҥt chӃ ÿӝ cҳWÿӍnh phө tҧi Peak Shaving
4 ShavingPoint 7K{QJVӕ ÿiӇm cҳWÿӍnh phө tҧi
5 ChargeMode 7tQKLӋu NtFKKRҥt chӃ ÿӝ tӵ ÿӝng sҥc cho BESS
6 ChargeRate 7K{QJVӕ SKiWVҥc cho hӋ thӕng BESS
7 Pm_Grid 7tQKLӋXÿROѭӡQJF{QJVXҩt cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕi
8 Pm_Load 7tQKLӋXÿROѭӡQJF{QJVXҩt cӫa tҩt cҧ phө tҧi
9 Pm_PV 7tQKLӋXÿROѭӡQJF{QJVXҩt cӫa hӋ thӕng PV
10 Pn_BESS 7K{QJVӕ F{QJVXҩWÿӏnh mӭc cӫa hӋ thӕng BESS
11 Pm_BESS 7tQKLӋXÿROѭӡQJF{QJVXҩt cӫa hӋ thӕng BESS
12 SOC_BESS 7tQKLӋu trҥQJWKiLGXQJOѭӧng cӫa hӋ thӕng BESS
13 Pn_Gen 7K{QJVӕ F{QJVXҩWÿӏnh mӭc cӫDPi\SKiWÿLӋn
14 Pm_Gen 7tQKLӋXÿROѭӡQJF{QJVXҩt cӫDPi\SKiWÿLӋn
15 R_Gen 7tQKLӋu tӹ lӋ F{QJVXҩWSKiWWUrQÿӏnh mӭFPi\SKiW c /ѭXÿӗ thuұWWRiQ
+uQK4.4 /ѭXÿӗ thuұWWRiQFKRKӋ thӕng EMS
KӣLÿӝQJKӋWKӕQJÿLӋQYjKӋWKӕQJTXҧQOê QăQJOѭӧQJ(06FӫDQKjPi\ ĈROѭӡQJYjNLӇPWUDWuQK WUҥQJKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDOѭӟL ÿLӋQSKkQSKӕL
/ѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕLKRҥW ÿӝQJEuQKWKѭӡQJ"
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YjRNKXQJJLӡWKҩSÿLӇPYjSKiWF{QJVXҩWNKL
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Song song vӟLÿyKӋ thӕng EMS sӁ OX{QkiӇm tra trҥQJWKiL%ҰT/TҲT cӫa F{QJ tҳc sҥFÿLӋn cӫa BESS Khi F{QJWҳc sҥFNK{QJÿѭӧFNtFKKRҥt, hӋ thӕng EMS sӁ ÿӇ QJѭӡi vұQKjQKWӵ GRÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt BESS, ӣ trҥQJWKiLQj\OѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ sӁ hoҥt ÿӝQJGѭӟLWRjQTX\Ӆn cӫa vұQKjQKYLrQPjNK{QJFyEҩt cӭ can thiӋSQjRWӯ hӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng Khi F{QJWҳc sҥFÿѭӧFNtFKKRҥt hӋ thӕng sӁ kiӇm tra thӡLÿLӇm hoҥWÿӝng cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ EMS sӁ can thiӋSYjROѭӟLÿLӋQWKHRWuQKhuӕng sau: x NӃXOѭӟLÿLӋQÿDQJKRҥWÿӝng trong thӡi gian thҩSÿLӇP³7Thҩp-ÿLӇm´WKu hӋ thӕng sӁ kiӇm tra tiӃSGXQJOѭӧng cӫa BESS o SOCBESS lӟQKѫQKRһc bҵng () 70%, EMS sӁ ÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt cӫa BESS bҵng 0YjWUҥQJWKiLQj\VӁ ÿѭӧc giӳ ÿӃn khi SOCBESS nhӓ KѫQKRһFOѭӟLÿLӋQNK{QJӣ thӡi gian thҩSÿLӇm o SOCBESS nhӓ KѫQ ( 90% c ChӃ ÿӝ hoҥWÿӝng cҳWÿӍnh phө tҧL³3HDN6KDYLQJ mode´
Khi chӃ ÿӝ cҳWÿӍnh phө tҧL3HDN6KDYLQJÿѭӧFNtFKKRҥt, thuұWWRiQVӁ tӵ ÿӝng ÿLӅu chӍQKF{QJVXҩWWKXYjSKiWFӫa hӋ thӕQJSLQWtFKWUӳ BESS theo tӯng thӡLÿLӇPYj F{QJVXҩWWLrXWKө cӫDOѭӟLÿLӋn nhӓ Ӣ chӃ ÿӝ Qj\YұQKjQKYLrQNK{QJWKӇ WiFÿӝng YjR viӋFÿLӅu chӍQKF{QJVXҩt cӫa hӋ thӕng HӋ thӕng quҧQOêQăQJOѭӧng sӁ ÿLӅu khiӇn WtQKLӋXF{QJVXҩW%(663FB%(66WK{QJTXDFiFWtQKLӋu thӡLÿLӇm hoҥWÿӝng t, F{QJ suҩWWLrXWKө tӯ OѭӟLÿLӋQSKkQSKӕi Pm_Grid, F{QJVXҩWWLrXWKө cӫa phө tҧi Pm_Load, F{QJ suҩt hoҥW ÿӝng cӫa hӋ thӕQJ QăQJ Oѭӧng mһt trӡi Pm_PV, GXQJ Oѭӧng BESS SOC_BESS YjÿLӇm cҳWÿӍnh ShavingPoint
HӋ thӕng EMS sӁ OX{QNLӇm tra thӡLÿLӇm hoҥWÿӝng cӫDOѭӟLÿӇ ÿѭDUDFiFthuұt WRiQ ÿLӅu khiӇQSKKӧp cho %(66JL~SWӕLѭXKyDQJXӗQF{QJVXҩWWUrQOѭӟi Thuұt WRiQVӁ ÿѭӧc tӕLѭXFKRNKXQJWKӡi gian hoҥWÿӝng cӫDOѭӟLOjWURQJYjQJRjLWKӡi gian thҩSÿLӇm x Khi t = TThҩSÿLӇmWKu hӋ thӕng EMS sӁ kiӇPWUDGXQJOѭӧng cӫa BESS, Yj ÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt BESS Pc_B(66QKѭVDX o SOCBESS lӟQKѫQKRһc bҵng () 70%, EMS sӁ ÿLӅu khiӇQF{QJVXҩt cӫa BESS bҵng 0YjWUҥQJWKiLQj\VӁ ÿѭӧc giӳ ÿӃn khi SOCBESS nhӓ KѫQKRһFOѭӟLÿLӋQNK{QJӣ thӡi gian thҩSÿLӇm o SOCBESS nhӓ KѫQ (Ĉm truy cұp 09 2021]
[17] E E a M B M F Zia, "Microgrids energy management systems: A critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects," Applied Energy, vol 222, pp 1033-1055, 15 July 2018
[18] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces / IEEE Std 1547-2018", U.S New York 10016-5997, IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21, 2018
Phө lөc sӁ giӟi thiӋu vӅ FiFNKRҧQJÿLӋQiSYjWҫn sӕ \rXFҫXFKRFiFQJXӗQSKiW ÿLӋQSKkQWiQ'(5NKLYұQKjQKӣ trҥQJWKiLYұQKjQKWKHRWLrXFKXҭn IEEE-1547 cӫa Hӝi kӻ VѭĈLӋQYjĈLӋn tӱ ,(((FKRFiFQJXӗQSKkQWiQ'(5 [18]
BҧQJTX\ÿӏnh ĈLӋQiS theo thӡi gian khi vұQKjQK (dӵDWUrQ%ҧng 16 ± WLrXFKXҭn IEEE-1547)
Thӡi gian chӏXÿӵng tӕi thiӇu JLk\
Thӡi gian chӏXÿӵng tӕLÿD JLk\
BҧQJTX\ÿӏnh Tҫn sӕ theo thӡi gian khi vұQKjQK (dӵDWUrQ%ҧng 19 ± WLrXFKXҭn IEEE-1547) Khoҧng Tҫn sӕ
JLk\ ݂ > 62.0 K{QJÿ˱ͫFSKpSY˱ͫt qua giͣi h̩QQj\
57.0 ݂ < 58.8 299 ݂ < 57.0 K{QJÿ˱ͫFSKpSY˱ͫt qua giͣi h̩QQj\
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Tӯ WKiQJQăPÿӃn nay (thӡi gian thӵc hiӋn luұQYăQOjPYLӋc tҥLF{QJ ty TNHH Avery Dennison RIS ViӋt Nam, hoҥWÿӝQJFKtQKWURQJOƭQKYӵc giҧLSKiS nhұn diӋQWKѭѫQJKLӋXYjWK{QJWLQFXQJFҩp giҧLSKiSWHPQKmQPiFEDREuSKө liӋu