TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAP 1: TOPIC OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Purpose of implementing the topic 1 1.2 Topic requirements 2 1.3 Research subjects 2 1.4 Implementation ideas 2 1.5 Expected results 3 CHAP 2: THEORETICAL BASIS 4 2.1 PIC mirocontroller 4 2.2 Rain sensor 6 2.3 Motor 7 CHAP 3: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS 8 3.1 Block diagram 8 3.1.1 Source block 9 3.1.2 Sensor block 10 3.1.4 Motor block 14 3.1.5 Display block 19 3.2 Designed on Proteus simulation software 22 3.3 Model design 24 CHAP 4: ALGORITHM AND CONTROL 27 4.1 Operating system 27 4.2 Algorithmic flow chart 27 CHAP 5: PRACTICE 28 5.1 Experimental process 28 5.2 Results 28 5.3 Conclusion 30 CHAP 6: CONCLUSIONS 31 6.1 Advantages 31 6.2 Disadvantages 31 6.3 Development 31 REFERENCES 32 CODE 33 FIGURES Figure 1.1 Drying rice paper 1 Figure 1.2 Clothesline 1 Figure 2.1 Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) Nagar, J. (2019, May 31) 4 Figure 2.2 PIC 16F877A pins Nagar, J. (2019, May 31) 5 Figure 2.3 Rain sensor 6 Figure 2.4 IC L293D 7 Figure 3.1 Block diagram 8 Figure 3.2 Components in the block 9 Figure 3.3 DC adapter 10 Figure 3.4 Rain sensor 11 Figure 3.5 PIC 16F877A 13 Figure 3.6 PIC 16F877A pins 13 Figure 3.7 GA12N20 15 Figure 3.8 IC L293D 16 Figure 3.9 L293D pins 17 Figure 3.10 Schematic diagram of L293D 17 Figure 3.11 LCD 1602 20 Figure 3.12 Presents the simulation steps on Proteus8.13 22 Figure 3.13 Layout of the diagram shows the systems wiring 23 Figure 3.14 Present 3D perspective 23 Figure 3.15 Printed circuit processing 24 Figure 3.16 PCB (behind side) 24 Figure 3.17 PCB (infront of side) 25 Figure 3.18 PCB (infront of side) 25 Figure 3.19 The model is nearly complete 26 Figure 3.20 Completed model 26 Figure 4.1 Algorithmic flow chart 27 Figure 5.1 Door closes when rainfall >40% 29 Figure 5.2 Operates in manual mode 29 Figure 5.3 Door opens when power is applied 30
TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAP 1: TOPIC OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Purpose of implementing the topic .1 1.2 Topic requirements .2 1.3 Research subjects 2 1.4 Implementation ideas 2 1.5 Expected results 3 CHAP 2: THEORETICAL BASIS 4 2.1 PIC mirocontroller 4 2.2 Rain sensor 6 2.3 Motor 7 CHAP 3: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS 8 3.1 Block diagram 8 3.1.1 Source block 9 3.1.2 Sensor block 10 3.1.4 Motor block .14 3.1.5 Display block .19 3.2 Designed on Proteus simulation software 22 3.3 Model design 24 CHAP 4: ALGORITHM AND CONTROL 27 4.1 Operating system 27 4.2 Algorithmic flow chart .27 CHAP 5: PRACTICE .28 5.1 Experimental process 28 1 5.2 Results 28 5.3 Conclusion 30 CHAP 6: CONCLUSIONS 31 6.1 Advantages .31 6.2 Disadvantages 31 6.3 Development .31 REFERENCES 32 CODE 33 2 FIGURE Figure 1.1 Drying rice paper 1 Figure 1.2 Clothesline 1 Figure 2.1 Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) [Nagar, J (2019, May 31)] 4 Figure 2.2 PIC 16F877A pins [Nagar, J (2019, May 31)] 5 Figure 2.3 Rain sensor 6 Figure 2.4 IC L293D 7 Figure 3.1 Block diagram .8 Figure 3.2 Components in the block .9 Figure 3.3 DC adapter 10 Figure 3.4 Rain sensor 11 Figure 3.5 PIC 16F877A 13 Figure 3.6 PIC 16F877A pins .13 Figure 3.7 GA12-N20 15 Figure 3.8 IC L293D 16 Figure 3.9 L293D pins 17 Figure 3.10 Schematic diagram of L293D 17 Figure 3.11 LCD 1602 20 Figure 3.12 Presents the simulation steps on Proteus8.13 22 Figure 3.13 Layout of the diagram shows the system's wiring 23 Figure 3.14 Present 3D perspective 23 Figure 3.15 Printed circuit processing 24 Figure 3.16 PCB (behind side) 24 Figure 3.17 PCB (infront of side) .25 Figure 3.18 PCB (infront of side) .25 Figure 3.19 The model is nearly complete 26 Figure 3.20 Completed model 26 Figure 4.1 Algorithmic flow chart 27 Figure 5.1 Door closes when rainfall >40% .29 Figure 5.2 Operates in manual mode 29 Figure 5.3 Door opens when power is applied 30 3 AC LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADC Alternating Current DC Analog-to-Digital Converter IC Direct Current LCD Intergrated Circuit PCB Liquid Crystal Display PIC Printed Circuit Board Programmable Intelligent Computer 4 EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 1 CHAP 1: TOPIC OVERVIEW 1.1 Purpose of implementing the topic Nowadays, many households have traditional occupations that work with products that require sunlight and avoid exposure to rainwater Or family members are busy with work and don't pay attention to the weather, leading to drying clothes outside and getting wet in the rain Therefore, based on the above situation, design a drying rack system that automatically opens/closes when it rains Figure 1.1 Drying rice paper A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 2 Figure 1.2 Clothesline 1.2 Topic requirements Design a model capable of detecting rain or snow and then display the amount of rain on the screen If the amount of rain exceeds the allowed level, the door will automatically close (open) The system has the ability to adjust between two modes: automatic or manual 1.3 Research subjects The microcontroller has the function of reading the sensor and processing it to display it on the screen and then control the motor to close or open the door according to the request The rain sensor detects rain or snow falling on the sensor board and then sends a signal to the microcontroller for processing The LCD screen has the function of displaying the amount of rain after the microcontroller processes the rain sensor and the system's operating mode The motor has the function of receiving control signals from the microcontroller and then operating 1.4 Implementation ideas Components include PIC 16F877A, rain sensor, LCD 1602, IC L293D, DC gear motor Use the rain sensor to measure then display the rain percentage on the LCD then set a certain rain level to control the rotary motor to close the door when it is equal to or greater than the set rain percentage The system has two modes: automatic or manual In manual mode, if you want to control the opening and closing of the door, use the button A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 3 1.5 Expected results When it rains, the percentage of rain will be displayed on the LCD If the rain amount is more than 40%, the door will automatically close in 6 seconds or if less, the door will automatically open We can use the push button to open/close the door when needed A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 4 CHAP 2: THEORETICAL BASIS 2.1 PIC mirocontroller PIC is the abbreviation for Programmable Intelligence Computer and is a type of microcontroller manufactured by Microchip Technology company (Figure 2.1 introduce about PIC 16F877A) Nowadays, PICs are developed strongly and widely because they have many functions integrated into them PICs are very popular with users because they are very flexible and can perform user-programmed tasks, helping to save costs and work efficiently Figure 2.3 Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) [Nagar, J (2019, May 31)] A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 5 Figure 2.4 PIC 16F877A pins [Nagar, J (2019, May 31)] PIC application: It is commonly used in medical devices for health measurement, data reading, display and operation Microcontrollers are installed in automobile control devices such as starting control systems, engines, and safety for users In agriculture, microcontrollers are used in devices that measure humidity, water quantity, and temperature for farming systems It is installed in smart homes to control the home's lighting, temperature, and security system [Dũng, T N (2023)] Therefore, microcontrollers are crucial to the operation of many systems and devices in the current world PIC is a frequently used device with a lot of A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing EMBEDED SYSTEM PROJECT Page 6 potential for the future It is small, easy to use, and packed with useful functionality 2.2 Rain sensor When the weather is rainy and sudden, if you do not have time to bring the items into the house or if the items are drying outside have not yet been brought in, the rain will get wet, affecting the quality of the product, causing a loss in price treat treat However, the rain sensor will signal to help us in those cases Rain sensors (Figure 2.3) are widely used to warn of rain or snowfall and will send an alert to the tracking device to request the door to be closed or opened They are most commonly used in automatic drying racks Figure 2.5 Rain sensor Rain sensor uses in real life: In agricultural activities, rain sensors help save water when detecting rainy weather to save irrigation water costs A Rain-Detecting Circuit For Door Opening And Closing