Portfolio academic writing c1

Additionally, residents living in citiestend to often experience higher noise pollution levels, further impacting on physical as wellas mental well-being of their people.. Hence, the con

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN

KHOA NGÔN NGỮ ANH

PORTFOLIO ACADEMIC WRITING C1

Họ và tên: Nguyễn Thị Yến Nhung

CAUSE-EFFECT ESSAY

Bản chưa chỉnh sửa

THE EFFECTS OF OVERCROWDING IN BIG CITIES

Over the past centuries, megacities have been proven to be places of job opportunities,cultural diversity, and technical development Therefore, overpopulation in cities has beenwitnessed as a hot issue due to a remarkable shift from rural living to urbanization However,this urbanization brings challenges of overcrowding, which has far-reaching consequences onurban life This essay will explore the effects of overcrowding in cities from higher levels ofpollution and the healthcare system to the quality of life

First and foremost, overcrowding in cities inevitably leads to a surge in pollution levels Ascity populations swell, so does the number of vehicles in the city Traffic congestion inmetropolitan areas happens routinely, especially at rush hours, leading to extended commutetimes and vehicular emissions that taint the air quality Therefore, having been taking poor airquality daily, urban civilians tend to be caused with health risks, such as some respiratoryissues like asthma or bronchitis at a very young age Additionally, residents living in citiestend to often experience higher noise pollution levels, further impacting on physical as well

as mental well-being of their people Such as the constant clamor of traffic noise contributing

to heightened stress levels, reduced sleep quality, and diminished productivity

Secondly, pressure on the healthcare system has been considered as a result of overcrowding

in urban areas With a higher-density of population, the risk of infectious diseases hasincreased dramatically, which potentially overwhelms healthcare facilities and personnel Forexample, in the COVID-19 pandemic, the death tolls in megacities outweigh the number ofpeople who died in rural areas, due to the dense population in cities which makes it easier forcontagious diseases to spread faster within a short time Moreover, this not only affects thewell-being of inhabitants but also healthcare professionals who work under strenuousconditions Hence, the concentration of people in urban areas can put immense pressure onhealthcare systems

Thirdly, overpopulation can have direct and negative impacts on the quality of life in

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traffic congestion, which takes commuters hours stuck in traffic jams before reaching theirdesired destinations Therefore, these factors can result in not only increasing anxiety levelsbut also decreasing a sense of well-being Furthermore, residents living in metropolitans tend

to have struggles of finding affordable and suitable places to live, and lack of personal spacecan lead to social and psychological stress For example, in some cases, people resort toliving in cramped, illegal, or substandard housing conditions due to the scarcity of affordableoptions

In conclusion, as these three effects unambiguously demonstrate, overcrowding has been akey factor resulting in higher levels of pollution, the healthcare system, and the quality of life.These problems require comprehensive approaches to mitigate the consequences ofovercrowding, cities can still maintain the hub of opportunities and prosperity whilesimultaneously enhancing the well-being of their inhabitants The need for well-planned andsustainable urban growth has never been more critical in our rapidly urbanizing world

Reference:

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/covid-19-10-most-congested-world-cities-congestion-traffic/

Bản đã chỉnh sửa

THE EFFECTS OF OVERCROWDING IN BIG CITIES

Over the past centuries, megacities have been proven to be places of job

overpopulation in cities has been witnessed as a hot issue due to a remarkable shiftfrom rural living to urbanization However, this urbanization brings challenges ofovercrowding, which has far-reaching consequences on urban life This essay willexplore the effects of overcrowding in cities from higher levels of pollution and thehealthcare system to the quality of life

First and foremost, overcrowding in cities inevitably leads to a surge in pollutionlevels As city populations swell, so does the number of vehicles in the city Trafficcongestion in metropolitan areas happens routinely, especially at rush hours, leading

to extended commute times and vehicular emissions that taint the air quality.Therefore, having been taking poor air quality daily, urban civilians tend to be causedwith health risks, such as some respiratory issues like asthma or even death at avery young age According to WHO (2019), “In Vietnam, around 60 000 deaths eachyear are air pollution-related.” Additionally, residents living in cities tend to oftenexperience higher noise pollution levels, further impacting on physical as well asmental well-being of their people For example, Ho Chi Minh City is located in themiddle of the key economic region of the South, so it is affected by industrialactivities and urbanization from provinces, the constant clamor of noise from trafficand factories contributing to heightened stress levels, reduced sleep quality, anddiminished productivity

Secondly, pressure on the healthcare system has been considered as a result ofovercrowding in urban areas With a higher-density of population, the risk ofinfectious diseases has increased dramatically, which potentially overwhelmshealthcare facilities and personnel For example, in the COVID-19 pandemic, thedeath tolls in megacities, such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city outweighs the number of

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not only affects the well-being of inhabitants but also healthcare professionals whowork under strenuous conditions Negative effects on clinics have been reported inmany studies, according to Journal of Education and Health Promotion (2017), “Employees’ burnout and dissatisfaction, nosocomial infections, mortality, patients’negative outcomes, discomfort and dissatisfaction, increased medical errors, andreduction in patient safety.” Hence, the concentration of people in urban areas canput immense pressure on healthcare systems.

Thirdly, overpopulation can have direct and negative impacts on the quality of life inmegacities Residents in urban areas may face challenges of commuting due to thestrain on public service and infrastructure leading to overburdened publictransportation For example, according to Ha and Dung (2022), “As of the end of

2021, Ho Chi Minh city was home to more than 8.4 million vehicles, including819,000 cars and 7.6 million motorbikes.” Thus, living in densely populated areassuch as Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Nha Trang or Ho Chi Minh city, overcrowding has led tonotorious traffic congestion, which takes commuters hours stuck in traffic jams beforereaching their destinations Furthermore, residents living in metropolitans tend tohave struggles finding affordable and suitable places to live due to little supply oflow-income houses; therefore, many low-income people cannot afford a house at areasonable price According to data from the Ministry of Construction (MoC) (2021),

“The latest data and reports from realty research firm Savills Vietnam said householdsize in HCM City has tended to decrease over the past ten years.” Besides, due tothe scarcity of affordable options, lack of personal space has also been a crisis indensely populated areas For example, district 8 in Ho Chi Minh city is renowned forits slum areas, where people resort to living in cramped, illegal, or substandardhousing conditions; this, in turn, may lead to social and psychological stress.Therefore, overpopulation not only can result in decreasing a sense of well-being butalso increasing anxiety levels

In conclusion, as these three effects unambiguously demonstrate, overcrowding hasbeen a key factor resulting in higher levels of pollution, the healthcare system, andthe quality of life These problems require comprehensive approaches to mitigate theconsequences of overcrowding, cities can still maintain the hub of opportunities andprosperity while simultaneously enhancing the well-being of their inhabitants The

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need for well-planned and sustainable urban growth has never been more critical inour rapidly urbanizing world.

Reference:

Ha,T., Dung,T (2022, October 1) Traffic congestion costs Ho Chi Minh City $6 billion each

year The Tuoi Tre News Retrieved from

https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20221001/traffic-congestion-costs-ho-chi-minh-city-6-billion-each-year/69343.html

World Health Organization: WHO (2019, April 4) Air pollution in Viet Nam Retrievedfrom

https://www.who.int/vietnam/health-topics/air-pollution

Journal of Education and Health Promotion (2017, April 19) Factors affecting the

overcrowding in outpatient healthcare The National Library of Medicine Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433641/

apartments The Vietnam News Retrieved from

https://vietnamnews.vn/economy/972291/viet-nam-still-lacks-low-priced-apartments.html

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MINH CHỨNG

Ha,T., Dung,T (2022, October 1) Traffic congestion costs Ho Chi Minh City $6 billion each

year The Tuoi Tre News Retrieved from

https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20221001/traffic-congestion-costs-ho-chi-minh-city-6-billion-each-year/69343.html

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World Health Organization: WHO (2019, April 4) Air pollution in Viet Nam Retrievedfrom

https://www.who.int/vietnam/health-topics/air-pollution

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Journal of Education and Health Promotion (2017, April 19) Factors affecting the

overcrowding in outpatient healthcare The National Library of Medicine Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433641/

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The Ministry of Construction (MoC) (2021, June 12).Việt Nam still lacks low-priced

apartments The Vietnam News Retrieved from

https://vietnamnews.vn/economy/972291/viet-nam-still-lacks-low-priced-apartments.html

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COMPARISON ESSAYBản chưa chỉnh sửa:

Topic 4: which provides a better living situation a house or an apartment?

The comparison between whether residing in a house or an apartment could provide abetter quality of life has been hotly debated recently While it is believed that anapartment could benefit them in certain aspects of life, the advantages of living in ahouse also should be taken into consideration This essay will illustrate three maindifferences between living in a house or an apartment in terms of price, space, andprivacy

Firstly, price always be prioritized by buyers, especially when purchasing somethingcostly like a place to live Buying an apartment has been proven to be morecost-effective (Benjamin & Sirmans, 1996) The lower financial barrier to entry makes

an apartment attractive to families who are operating on tight budgets Moreover,apartment complexes tend to provide amenities such as a gym, pool, or garden foroutdoor activities, which contribute to the overall well-being and convenience ofresidents On the other hand, houses tend to be bigger than an apartment, which meanshomeowners may have higher expenses, including property taxes, utility bills, andmaintenance costs However, it offers the potential or long-term investment, with thevalues of houses tending to be appreciated over time, presenting homeowners withopportunities to build equity and attain financial stability in the long run

Secondly, with the rapid advance of urbanization, space has gradually become one ofthe notable aspects of a living environment (Ling, Li, & Xing, 2015) Houses offermore expansive arrangements with larger living areas or additional spaces like yards

or gardens, which contribute to a sense of freedom and personalization, catering to theunique lifestyles of the owners Moreover, extended families often find a houseconducive to comfortable living, which has enough space for their children to play andgrow Conversely, apartments are characterized by more compact layouts and sharedwalls, which may create a sense of confinement, especially for those accustomed tomore extensive living environments However, in order to compensate for thislimitation, apartments offer their residents convenient locations, such as often situated

in urban centers The proximity to amenities, workplaces, and entertainment locationsreduces commute time, enhancing the overall quality of life for residents

Thirdly, privacy is also regarded as one of the critical aspects of a comfortable livingcondition According to Richard Whitten’s article (2022), houses, with theirstandalone structures, generally provide a higher level of privacy due to the absence of

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shared walls minimizes noise transfer, creating a serene living environment.Additionally, houses can come with outdoor spaces where residents can enjoy solitudeintrusion, fostering a sense of high quality of life However, the closure ofneighborhoods is extremely beneficial to the safety With shared walls, they could hearand notice if something happened, so may have sufficient time to call the authorities.Besides, the apartment also provides qualified security, such as a gated community,controlled access, or security.These safety features make living in an apartmentperfectly suitable for elderly people, families with children, or individuals livingalone.

In conclusion, the choice of whether to live in a house or an apartment depends onpersonal preferences and priorities, with price, space, and privacy factors Whileapartments have low costs and are more affordable and accessible, houses tend tooffer more space and a sense of privacy at higher financial commitment Though it isunderstandable that choosing which form of place to live puts a strain on the buyers, ithelps them make an informed decision on which one is the most suitable for theirlifestyles and financial considerations, contributing to better living situations

References:

https://bluebellmovingandstorage.com/living-in-a-house-vs-an-apartment-pros-and-cons/

https://www.norhart.com/blog/2019/10/03/8-reasons-why-you-should-move-into-an-partment-instead-of-a-house

https://www.finder.com.au/should-i-buy-an-apartment-or-a-home

Benjamin, J D., & Sirmans, G S (1996) Mass transportation, apartment rent andproperty values Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(1), 1–8.https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1996.12090830

of-buying-a-house

https://www.finder.com.au/should-i-buy-an-apartment-or-a-house#the-pros-and-cons-Ling, J., Li, Q., & Xing, J (2015) The influence of apartment location on household

space heating consumption in multi-apartment buildings Energy and Buildings,

103, 185–197 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.057

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Bản chỉnh sửa:

Topic 4: which provides a better living situation: a house or an apartment?

The comparison between whether residing in a house or an apartment could provide abetter quality of life has been hotly debated recently While it is believed that an

apartment could benefit them in certain aspects of life, the advantages of living in ahouse also should be taken into consideration This essay will illustrate three maindifferences between living in a house or an apartment in terms of price, space, andprivacy

Firstly, price is always prioritized by buyers, especially when purchasing somethingcostly like a place to live Buying an apartment has been proven to be cost-effective,for example, “a two-bedroom apartment in downtown Ho Chi Minh City costs

roughly $1,500 USD per month on average” (Tuyen, 2021) The lower financial

barrier to entry makes an apartment attractive to families who are operating on tightbudgets Moreover, apartment complexes tend to attract consumers with amenitiessuch as a gym, pool, or garden for outdoor activities, which are believed to contribute

to the overall well-being and convenience of residents On the other hand, houses tend

to be bigger than an apartment, which means homeowners may have higher expenses,including property taxes, utility bills, and maintenance costs However, it offers thepotential or long-term investment, with the values of houses tending to be appreciatedover time, presenting homeowners with opportunities to build equity and attain

financial stability in the long run

Despite the cost, with the rapid advance of urbanization, space has gradually becomeone of the notable aspects of a living environment Houses offer more expansivearrangements with larger living areas or additional spaces like yards or gardens, whichcontribute to a sense of freedom For example, compared to living in an apartmentwith shared walls, when you reside in a house, no neighbors bother you, no curiouseyes spying from the building across the street Moreover, extended families oftenfind a house conducive to comfortable living which has enough space for their

children to play and grow Conversely, apartments are characterized by more compactlayouts and shared walls, which may create a sense of confinement, especially forthose accustomed to more extensive living environments For example, apartments inthe central districts of major cities like Hanoi may offer compact layouts due to

limited space However, to compensate for this limitation, apartments offer their

residents convenient locations, such as often situated in urban centers, “If you prefer

to live in a bustling city center, an apartment might be the better choice as it offerseasy access to amenities and public transportation” (Manaher, 2023) Therefore, the

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proximity to amenities, workplaces, and entertainment locations reduces commutetime, enhancing the overall quality of life for residents.

Last but not least, privacy is also regarded as one of the critical aspects of a

comfortable living condition Whitten (2022) stated, “Houses, with their standalonestructures, generally provide a higher level of privacy due to the absence of sharedwalls that minimizes noise transfer, creating a serene living environment”

Additionally, houses can come with outdoor spaces where residents can enjoy solitudeintrusion, fostering a sense of high quality of life However, the closure of

neighborhoods is extremely beneficial to safety For example, when individuals haveshared walls with their neighbors, if something happened, they could hear and mayhave sufficient time to call the authorities Besides, the apartment also provides

qualified security As Gheorghe (2011) once said, “Some apartment buildings havesecurity guards and a lot of them feature secure front doors which can only be openedwith a code or card” These safety features make living in an apartment perfectlysuitable for elderly people, families with children, or individuals living alone

In conclusion, the choice of whether to live in a house or an apartment depends onpersonal preferences and priorities, with price, space, and privacy factors Whileapartments have low costs and are more affordable and accessible, houses tend tooffer more space and a sense of privacy at higher financial commitment Though,understandably, choosing which form of a place to live puts a strain on the buyers, ithelps them make an informed decision on which one is the most suitable for theirlifestyles and financial considerations, contributing to better living situations

References:

Retrieved fromhttps://www.homedit.com/apartment-or-house-which-is-better/

Tuyen, L (2021, December 3).What Types of Property are the Most

Popular in Vietnam? The Vietnam Insider Retrieved from

https://vietnaminsider.vn/what-types-of-property-are-the-most-pop

ar-in-vietnam/

Manaher, S (2023) House vs Apartment: Unraveling Commonly

Confused Terms The Content Authority Retrieved from

https://thecontentauthority.com/blog/house-vs-apartment

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MINH CHỨNG:

Retrieved fromhttps://www.homedit.com/apartment-or-house-which-is-better/ (1)

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Tuyen, L (2021, December 3).What Types of Property are the Most

Popular in Vietnam? The Vietnam Insider Retrieved from

https://vietnaminsider.vn/what-types-of-property-are-the-most-pop

ar-in-vietnam/

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Manaher, S (2023) House vs Apartment: Unraveling Commonly

Confused Terms The Content Authority Retrieved from

https://thecontentauthority.com/blog/house-vs-apartment

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