Đánh giá mứ độ ô nhiễm bụi tsp và pm10 tại khu vự mông dương, quảng ninh và nhận dạng á nguồn nướ thải liên quan

Hopke, Pentti Paatero, William C.. Watson et al., Protocol for Applying and Validating the CMB Model for PM2.5 and VOC, Vols.. Lindgren, "Particulate air pollution in six Asian cities: S

 i 2010

1708177927711865871ec-805a-489b-8846-3d43cead6ecf

1708177927711bf744853-8da3-4412-8c14-a4c56c5cf58c

1708177927711062afca8-8e63-4ced-a1c8-73651be2c161

i

M C L C  

L iii

DANH MVIT T T  iv

DANH MNG v

DANH M C   TH vi

DANH M  L C vii

M  U 1

CHNG I T NG QUAN  2

1.1 B i  2

1.1.1.m 2

1.1.2.i 2

1.1.3.nh h ng c a b  n s c kh e con ng i 3  

1.1.4.Phy m u b i 4 

1.1.5.Phi 8

1.2  i ti p nh n 11

1.2.1. i ti p nh n 11

1.2.2. i ti p nh n 11

1.2.3. 14

CHNG II THC NGHI M 21

2.1 Thit b t t   s d u 21

2.2 c nghi m 22

2.2.1.Ph n c c nghi m 22

2.2.2.L y m u   23

2.2.3.u 28

2.2.4.t qu   30

2.2.5.Ch 34

CHNG III K T QU   O LU N 38

3.1 N  b i 38

3.2  n c c a b i PM  10 42

ii

3.2.1.N BC 43

3.2.2.  h c a b i PM 10 45

3.2.3.n ion c a b i PM  10 46

3.3 Nh n d n th i c a b  i b 48

3.3.1. i l ng c a b i (reconstructed mass) 48 

3.3.2.K t qu c a vi    49

K T LU N   52

U THAM KH O  53 PH  L C a

   b t k 

iv

ADB: Asian Development Bank  

AIT: Asian Institute of Technology H c vi       

Lan

BC: Black carbon   

CH:  m l y m u t m H i Qu ng Ninh   

CMB : Chemical Mass Balanc Ce  ng kh  c

DL: Detection limit Gii hn

HVS : High volume sampler Thi t b  l y mu th  n

IC: Ion Chromatography  

ICP-AES: Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy C m

ng cao t n plasma ph    

ICP-OES: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emmission Spectrometer C m

ng cao t n Plasma ph    quang h c 

ICS1000: Ion Chromatography System h ng s th 

SPM: Suspended particulate matter B ng

TSP: Total suspended particles   T ng bng

VOC : Volatile organic compounds  C p ch t h   

v

B ng I- i t  18

B ng II-1: T   y m u 25

B ng II-2: K t qu u chu n l  hi  u l ng c n xuy mu PM10 32

B ng II-    b nh (%) ci PM2,5 10-2,5 35

B ng II-4: B    b nh ca ph-OES 36

B ng II-5: Gi i hn (DLi  c a thi t b ICP-OES s d ng 36   

B ng III-1: B ng t ng h p s l     ng m u t t ly m u  38

B ng III-2: T ng h p n      b i t m l y m  38

B ng III-3: T l n   PM10/TSP 42

B ng III- a b i PM 10 t 42

B  -  ng bi PM10( g/Nm 3) 48

vi

-1: C u t y m u th   n HVS 6

-2: C u t  u l y m u c y m u th   n HVS 6

-3: C u t  u l y m u bi PM 10 7

-4: S h th ng ICP OES      9

 -  i ti p nh n 13

-1: S   u 22

-2: B khu vu 23

-3: S   y m u      25

 - ng IC 29

  - b ng ICP-OES 30

   - th BC 32

-7: M i quan h gi a kh i l      b nh c thu -5 -6g 34

-1: Bi  b 10 ta 39

-2: Bi  b 10 ta 40

-3: Bi  n b 10 t 41

-4: Bi  b 10 t 41

-5: N BC ta 44

-6: N BC t 44

-7: N   46

-8: N a 47

-9: N  47

-10: M i b i PM10 t  50

-11: M  i b i PM10 t  50

vii

Ph  l c A: Mt s c trng c a than l y t  i m ng aPh  l i 2 v   t l y m u bPh    l u t ng t  t 1 cPh    l u t ng t i C m Ht 1 gPh    l u t ng tt 2 iPh  l c F: Source profile s d u mPh  l c G: Bc c a source profile s d  u nPh  l c H: Du pPh  l c I: Kt qu ch y i PM  10 t sPh  l c J: Kt qu ch i PM10 t u

ng T ng b   ng (Total Suspended Partic les  TSP)

Trong bng hi n nay th  gin b i PM  10 t b

3

+ Bi mn (Fine) cht nh  m (PM2,5) Bi mn bao g m c  

  t b m, g bn (Ultra fine) 1.1.2.2 D ngu n g 

 i t o ra lng nguy hi m 

1.1.3  ng c a b   n s  c kh  i

B   u ng ng th  c v t, t ng T  i v i s c kho  

ng nh t B   i v i mc bi 

h p khi b      i v i b c < 10 m) 

u hi n do  ng c a b i th y ngay khi ti  i bchc m t, t  a c h ng, d ng, ng     nh m  t th[14]

p Tu theo lo i b n nh ph

  h n ch   i c a bn kim b i trong 

kc bin go b ng vi u,

nh n n c a b sinh bu hi m thigi 

i c a b i  i s

1.1.4  y m u b i  

L y m u b  ng ki

c n c trong b i  Vic ly m u b i

m u PM 10   va chm ki ng u t (h I-3)

i

ph   quang h 

ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma   t ph n c AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) c m ng cao t n plasma ph    : cho bi t t t c    

d ng sinh ra t                 y

9

       c a t t c

t  c nh b ng ph quang h   t ph n c a AES

u gi y l n gi y l 

10

d ng s       ltrong t l nh  

 i v i dung dt li u l 

   th c th m qua gi y l  

hu Vi c gi y l  gi  kh gim thi u vi t quan tr ng 

   

               t,

c bii vu b  li u nhiu ion v n nh  ng gi y l   i

1.2   ti p nh n 

1.2.1  m  p nh n 

  p nh n xu     n ch     quanh t i m p nh nh m i ngu n th i

   i v i n t p nh n d ng hi u bi t v    n ngu n th i  

p nh n 3]  [1

1.2.2  i  p nh n 

D   d a b i t p nhth 

+   d n vi: s d m v

    ng hay c    t b      ngu n t o ra c   [1]

d c ng khc CMB p c n  ti  bin

-5 th hi n s     i c c cp nh n 

dt source profile:

+SAFER/UNMIX  

14

nhiu bit trong m u b n nh  n sinh b  PMF x   u b mli    i gi i hhi n t

   c g source profile t s hi p bi   c th i gian c a nhi u m  n g c t  

+ Cacbon h (OC): OC trong b i ch p ch     N c cath c khop ch t h  ng x ng  

   , n    u, b   ng b i t    hydrocacbon na OC trong PM10

+    (EC)     ng g  i EC

ng ch  t li u h

t nha, ngu n sinh v 

+ p ch t  10,

t m ng thu n ngh ch gi  33 i amoni nitrat     d

+ Amoni:    amoni sunfat,    nitrat chi m t l      trong b  p ch t sunfat sinh ra t   ph ng n

n ngh ch gi  di chuy n gi         n t i v   

c nh Ph n l  n chm SO2

17

x c a c c h p ch   n g c t   

ng, ph n l n amoni xu     s c binghi  l y s 

+ NaCl: mung  gbia sa mc

m  Khc bi n ch - , ,1% K+ 

1,,2% Ca Trong d

  m t gii bing l i t tuy t tan),   

  t p trung trong PM2,5i axit nitric hay

 natri nitrat hay natri sunfat + c: Nitrat, sunfat, amoni, Na+ t s ch t 

+, Al, Ti, Zn, Hg NO3-, Na+, EC,

Si, S, Ca, Fe, Br,

La, Pb

SO42-,

NH4+,

OC, Cl Nt

than M n  Cl, Cr, Mn, Ga, As, Se, Br,

l p ra quy t  n th hi    y 2, R2

   i v i v i PMF

K t qu    chp nhc khi th 3 y u t : R  2 n m trong khon 1,0 ; 2 n m trong kho ng t    n 2 ; %Mass n m trong kho ng t   

n 120% N u m  source profile la ch i s lip v i ch n l i [1]  

+ HNO3 69% (Merck c), d = 1,41 g/cm  3, loi tinh khi

+ Nch Mili Q water (MQ, n tr   su 

+ Ct chun  OES ) 

   m t s v c m



   c t l c B )

T    v khu vu  hu vm

Hi  Quc chu v i 2 v   y m u  Trm x  c c ph

C m H 

  u ng tr c ti p c a vi   ng

               t 1000MW Vith     s v m b i t i khu v    , khu v

n  c l ng v n t 

v t li       m b i cao        d ng than, ci m ci khu v

 i di n 

ctip nhm b  a khu v c 

 2 c a vi c l a ch    Tr m x   c qu   c l i 1km, n m trong khu v c         ng giao

 i l n, ch y    i c l a v n chuy n than; trong khi  

m H i n ng qu c l 18A kho ng 4km, n   m trong khu vng

 n coi v   m n n, 

 m b i c a v     nh t 

n h y l m r i 

ch (gi y l t sao cho chi u l y b  

 ti u kikh    ng c l p l i cho t i khi kh n

y mng bho xung quanh v  y m nh

 (Ni, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mo, Tl, V, Sr, Ti, Li, Al, Ca, Fe, Si, Zn, Pb, Mg, Mn); 11 ion g m 5 anion (F -, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-    +, Na+, K+,

NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ) c a PM 10 tm c Khoa a Qung

ca   i AIT t

10 s ti

m u PM 10  i c m u gi y quartz m  mixed cellulosese       m u quartz c l    u mixed cellulos ese  c c chi t b ng 10  c

  ng p h t gi y l    II-4

m u tr ng b o qu n, m u ng d ng c thi t b      tr     u tr

L  = 0,45 m 



30

H  II   -5 b ng ICP-OES 2.2.4  t qu  