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Jeremy Harmer, Ana Acevedo, Carol Lethaby fir Ken Wilson Contents ) l/ \ ( iv r U II Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation inversion dangerous creatures; extreme adjectives expressing fears and phobias statement questions Reading: great white sharks Listening: the most dangerous place on Earth W riting: a news report Speaking: frightening creatures; debate Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation modal verbs meaning and use negative prefixes with adjectives and verbs expressing degrees of certainty stress and intonation to express degrees o f certainty Reading: a case history Listening: optical illusions explained W riting: an online restaurant review Speaking: identity parade Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation causative verbs; present continuous passive types o f punishment expressing two sides o f an argument keeping your listener interested Reading: prison musical Listening: opinions on prison W riting: a discursive essay Speaking: ways of punishing offenders Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation conditional structures love and romance looking back and looking forward would in conditional sentences Reading: Second Life Listening: how we met W riting: an online personal ad Speaking: speed dating SHARK ATTACK Skills page I Jt/\ v f U 1/ CAN YOU BELIEVE YOUR EYES? Skills page 14 THROW AWAY THE KEY Skills page 22 LVu-t MODERN LOVE Skills page 30 IM ; ABSOLUTE POWER Grammar Vocabulary Functions P ronunciation zero article (-) and definite article [the) abstract nouns expressing emotions shifting stress Reading: The Godfather Listening: Julius Caesar and absolute power W riting: a film review Speaking: what is power? Skills page 38 VnU b GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation narrative tenses antonyms; synonyms using discourse markers reading a prepared script Reading: famous actors die young Listening: what happened to Amelia Earhart? W riting: a biography Speaking: w hat was their legacy? Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation relative clauses cities and city life describing a sequence o f events sounds and spellings Reading: life in an African megacity Listening: are you frightened o f the city? W riting: interpreting ideas Speaking: city life Grammar Vocabulary Functions P ronunciation the subjunctive spies/detectives thesaurus expressing disappointment and disapproval expressing attitude Reading: a crime novel Listening: solving a crime Skills page 46 Umfc MEGACITIES Skills page 54 Ua& SPOOKS AND SLEUTHS page 62 Skills W riting: newspaper reviews Speaking: Holmes, Poirot or Bond? TELLING STORIES, TELLING JOKES Grammar Vocabulary Functions Pronunciation phrasal verbs story words and phrases telling jokes reading aloud (stress and intonation) Reading: the arrival Listening: a poetry podcast Skills W riting: a firstperson narrative Speaking: making a story page 94 EXTRA ACTIVITIES page 102 ACTIVITY BANK page 127 READER: VIRTUAL REALITY page 143 READER ACTIVITIES page 156 GRAMMAR REFERENCE page 161 AUDIOSCRIPT page 170 contents I inversion -3 dange ro us creatures expressing fears and phobias SH A R K ATTACK Speaking: frightening creatures Discuss these questions with other students a What were the first thoughts that came to mind when you looked at the picture on this page? b What would you if you were in the water and you saw this creature coming towards you? c Do you know any stories about shark attacks? Work in pairs Try to answer these questions about sharks Then Student A turn to Activity Bank on page 127 Student B turn to Activity Bank 16 on page 134 Read the information there and then discuss the answers a How many species of shark are there? b What is the risk of being attacked by a shark? c How many people are killed by sharks every year? d Why people hunt sharks? Read the sentences and answer the questions a I’m absolutely fascinated by sharks, but also absolutely terrified of them Fascinated and terrified describe extreme feelings Can you think of adjectives to describe less extreme feelings? b Can you explain why this sentence is different? I find sharks absolutely fascinating and also absolutely terrifying Read the conversation and choose more extreme adjectives to replace the words in blue What other changes you have to make to the sentences? Did you see that programme about sharks on TV last night? ANDY: Yes s a r a h : What did you think of it? a n d y : I thought it was very in te re s tin g s a r a h : Me too And I thought the woman who presented it was very g o o d a n d y : Yes! She looked a bit s c a re d when the shark suddenly appeared s a r a h : I know I would have been the same But she also looked very p le a s e d when she got out of the water a n d y : Yes In fact, I thought she looked rather d is a p p o in te d when the shark swam away s a r a h : Right I think I would like her job a n d y : Really? I think working like that must be very sarah: tirin g Vocabulary : dangerous creatures Look at this list of creatures and discuss the questions, a Have you seen any of these creatures in the wild? Describe the experience and answer questions from the rest of the class, b What kind of danger the different creatures pose? Use these words to help you describe the dangers: bite, sting, poison, crush, attack, destroy c When might you be in danger from these creatures? d How can you protect yourself from attack or help people who have been attacked? bear crocodile eagle elephant fox jellyfish locust mosquito scorpion snake stingray tiger wasp Vocabulary 2: mind map Copy the mind map into your notebook Add as many words and phrases as you can Then compare notes Vocabulary 3: extreme adjectives Look at the two lists of words Find pairs of words with similar meanings, using a word from each box Complete these sentences, using a word from one of the boxes, a I’m still feeling a b i t after that meal b I was a b s o lu te ly when the boat turned over in the storm c She was th e r when I finally arrived at the cinema d My parents will be v e r y when they meet you e We were all e x tre m e ly with the result f The crowd at the baseball game was a b s o lu te ly with the decision boiling delighted exhausted fascinated freezing gutted incensed miserable parched starving terrified wonderful angry cold disappointed good happy hot hungry interested scared thirsty tired unhappy What’s the rule? Discuss these questions a What is the difference between the words in the two lists? b What is the rule about the m odifiers (a bit, absolutely, etc.) that can be used with each list of words? c Add other words to the two lists Read 1A -1 B in the Grammar reference Do you want to change your answers? unitone Reading: great white sharks 10 Work in pairs Look at the photo with the text Imagine you are having a phone conversation You’ve just seen this photo in a magazine Describe it to your partner s t u d e n t B: Ask for more details about the magazine photo and article student A: 11 Read about Mike Rutzen Mike Rutzen is an expert on great white sharks and an outspoken champion of shark conservation He has become notorious for his exploits swimming with the animals without a cage He has travelled the world lecturing on sharks and filming documentaries about them 12 Scan the magazine article and find the follow ing information a In paragraph 2: two words which are used to describe sharks b In paragraph 4: something potentially dangerous that happened c In paragraph 5: an example of how sharks treat Mike Rutzen differently The sharkman of Cape Town Great w hite sharks are awesome Anyone who has been lucky enough to see one, even i f only through the bars o f a cage, w ill te ll you so They are the w orld's largest predatory fish, can reach up to metres in length and weigh more than 2,000 kilos They are the sovereigns o f the ocean, m agnificent but also deadly So w hat happened when someone stepped into the w hite shark's w orld - fu rth e r than anyone else has gone before? Read on Mike Rutzen is a South African fisherman who describes himself as an average guy, although clearly he is not About 15 years ago, he became interested in great w hite sharks, the scariest o f ocean dwellers, and decided to spend a little tim e studying th e ir behaviour Little did he know th a t this interest would turn into an all-consum ing passion For the past 15 years, he has spent all day every day engaging w ith these astounding creatures, monitoring th e ir behaviour and learning about their role in the ecology o f the ocean When Rutzen got bitten by the w hite shark bug, he realised th a t watching was no longer enough Not only did he start playing w ith them, albeit from the safety o f his boat, but he then graduated to fu ll-o n communication, which meant taking the potentially life-threatening decision to swim w ith them w ith o u t the protection o f an underwater cage This is called free-diving Free-diving w ith great w hite sharks is a serious business When you it, the im portant thing is to show maximum respect but no fear Mike's initial encounters w ith them were tentative, and progress was slow It was, he admitted, a steep learning curve There were times when he made a wrong move or came across a dominant, pushy shark One even pushed him to the bottom o f the sea, leaving him fla t on his back But, thankfully, Mike has never had an encounter too dangerous to deal with Mike discovered th a t great w hite sharks convey their moods to each other by using subtle body positions and movements They use a sophisticated language th a t experts are only beginning to translate Mike has keyed into this language, and little by little is learning to speak it By controlling his movements, he has learned how to use his body in the same way as w hite sharks do, and so interact w ith them Now the sharks seem to accept Mike's presence among them, seeing him neither as prey nor as predator In fact, some o f the ones he has befriended have even allowed him to hold onto th eir dorsal fins, so th a t he can swim w ith them 'Anything th a t moves fast in the ocean is either chasing something or being chased,' says Mike The movements o f other individuals tell a w hite shark w hat is going on around it If you can fit into this system, you can be accepted as part o f it, and everything around you, including w hite sharks, w ill behave as normal.' u n ito n e Did you know? 14 Explain these references in the article (The words are in blue.) a Anyone will tell you so Tell you what? b clearly he is not Not what? c When you it, When you what? d Mike has keyed into this language, Which language? e If you can fit into this system, Which system? 15 The expressions a-e are used in the passage Can you think of other ways of expressing the same idea? a an all-consum ing passion b the white shark bug c full-on communication d a steep learning curve e seeing him neither as prey nor as predator The White Shark Cafe The popular belief is th a t great white sharks are solitary predators Not so, say the experts In fact they like to gather at 'hotspots' on the ocean floor One o f these hotspots, somewhere between Mexico and Hawaii, has been called the W hite Shark Cafe 'Sharks are ju s t like people,' says a shark researcher 'They like to hang out and chew the fa t w ith their friends.' Do you know something unusual about the behaviour o f creatures in the w ild? 13 Are the meanings of these words clear? If not, look them up in a dictionary Use the words to complete the sentences a-e You may need to change the form awesome (para 1) astounding (para 2) pushy (para 4) tentative (para 4) subtle (para 5) sophisticated (para 5) a The animal approached the fo o d ready to run away at any hint of danger, b The changes in the animal’s body language were s o that none of us noticed them c Swimming with sharks is scary, but also the most thing in the world d T h e tourists managed to get the three places on the boat e My grandfather w a s when I told him how much the trip would cost 16 Choose the best way to complete each of the sentences a-d in order to show the meaning of the phrases in Activity 15 a The first time, he stopped short of full-on communication and contented himself with swimming round the sharks simply tried to put his arm round the shark’s neck b My friend Luke has got the surfing bug and avoids going to the beach as much as he can spends all his time on the beach now c His interest in the sea is all-consuming and I really think he would prefer never to return to dry land he finds time for several other hobbies as well d His first month in the job has been a steep learning curve because he’s done many similar jobs before as he had no previous experience of live broadcasting 17 After Mike Rutzen was seen on TV free-diving with sharks, this criticism appeared on a diving website Do you agree? Give your reasons Riding sharks like domesticated ponies for a half-baked television programme is both disrespectful and a disservice to sharks Please take this man off the air! unitone Grammar: inversion 18 Study the examples of inversion Little did he know that this interest would turn into an all-consuming passion Not only did he start playing with sharks, he also then graduated to full-on communication No sooner had we started than it began to rain At no tim e did they explain the problem O nly when I saw the news on TV did I realise I’ve never seen a shark, nor have I seen a whale Now rewrite these as inverted sentences Read 2A -2C in the Gram m ar reference to help you a He studied marine biology and then started his own research project b We had no idea that the shark was following the boat, c We had just arrived back at port when it started to rain, d They never told us that we had to pay more for the boat trip, e It wasn’t until my friend called me on the phone that I heard the news f I’ve never been to Mexico and I’ve never been to Brazil Write three more inverted sentences 19 Study the examples of conditional sentences If you get bitten by a poisonous snake, there isn’t much you can Should you get bitten by a poisonous snake, there isn’t If you saw a great white shark, what would you do? Were you to see a great white shark, w h a t ? If we had known what the weather would be like, we would have stayed on the island Had we know n what the weather would be like, we would 1n nnit nnp Now complete these sentences Read 2D in the Grammar reference to help you a Imagine you were alone in a forest full of wild animals what would you do? b It was much colder at sea than it had been on land we would have worn warmer clothes c I think what Mike does is fascinating the opportunity, l would definitely what he did d The sharks were not interested in Mike when he remained motionless that would have been a different story e Apparently, there was a story about the shark attack in a newspaper the day before I probably wouldn’t have gone for a swim Functional language: fears and phobias 20 Complete the word box What is the grammatical class of the words in each column? adjective? noun? verb? adjective? noun? verb? fear adjective? noun? verb? fearful terrify scared frighten 21 Complete these sentences, using a form of the word in brackets a I must admit I w a s of going in the water, (fear) b We were a ll when the shark appeared, (terrify) c Sea creatures don’t me at all (scared) d The noise gave me the most d re a d fu l (frighten) e I a m of heights, (terrify) 22 Rewrite the sentences so that they are true for you or someone you know a My sister is scared of spiders b Everyone in my family is frightened of flying c I get a fright every time I hear a police siren d I got the fright of my life when I went to the Ghost Museum e My best friend is terrified of taking exams f I was scared stiff when I saw the snake g It scared the living daylights out of me 23 Work in pairs Read this quotation What kind of human situations does it make you think about? ‘The only thing we have to fear is fear itself - nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyses the effort needed to convert retreat into advance.’ Franklin D Roosevelt, 32nd American President, in his inaugural address, March 4th, 1933 Listening: the most dangerous 28 Discuss these questions a How does Graham give information to the visitors? b Do you think he changed the attitude of the listeners? c Would you want to take a holiday there? place on Earth 24 You are going to hear about the place where the most dangerous creatures in the world live a Where you think the most dangerous place on the planet is? What you know about it? b What is the most dangerous place you know personally? Why is it dangerous? Pronunciation: statement questions 25 Look at the photographs and answer questions a-d Read and listen In each exchange,