Chapter 12 Measurement scales. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: The nature of attitudes and their relationship to behavior; the critical decisions involved in selecting an appropriate measurement scale; the characteristics and use of rating, ranking, sorting, and other preference scales. Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.
Chapter 12 MEASUREMENT SCALES 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d Learning Objectives Understand… The nature of attitudes and their relationship to behavior The critical decisions involved in selecting an appropriate measurement scale The characteristics and use of rating, ranking, sorting, and other preference scales 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-2 Pull Quote “No man learns to know his inmost nature by introspection, for he rates himself sometimes too low, and often too high, by his own measurement Man knows himself only by comparing himself with other men; it is life that touches his genuine worth.” 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b Johann Wolfgang von Goethe German writer, artist, politician (1749–1832) 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-3 The Scaling Process 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-4 Nature of Attitudes Cognitive I think oatmeal is healthier than corn flakes for breakfast Affective I hate corn flakes 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b Behavioral I intend to eat more oatmeal for breakfast f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-5 Improving Predictability Specific Multiple Multiple measures measures Reference Reference groups groups Strong Strong Factors Factors 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 Direct Direct 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 Basis 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-6 Measurement Scales “All survey questions must be actionable if you want results.” Frank Schmidt, senior scientist The Gallup Organization 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-7 Selecting a Measurement Scale Research objectives Response types Data properties Number of dimensions 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a Balanced or unbalanced Forced or unforced choices 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 Number of scale points 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 Rater errors 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-8 Response Types Rating Ratingscale scale Ranking Ranking scale scale Categorization Categorization 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca Sorting Sorting e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-9 Number of Dimensions Unidimensional 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b Multi-dimensional f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-10 Ideal Scalogram Pattern Item Participant Score X X X X X X X X X X 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b * X = agree; = disagree 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-37 Key Terms Attitude Balanced rating scale Forced-choice rating Categorization Comparative scale Constant-sum scale Cumulative scale Error of central tendency Error of leniency scale Forced ranking scale Graphic rating scale Halo effect Item analysis Likert scale Multidimensional scale 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-38 Key Terms Multiple-choice, multiple-response scale Multiple-choice, single-response scale Multiple rating list Numerical scale Paired-comparison scale Q-sort Ranking scale Rating scale Scaling Scalogram analysis Semantic differential 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a Simple category scale 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-39 Key Terms Sorting Stapel scale Unbalanced rating scale Unforced-choice rating Summated rating scale scale Unidimensional scale 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-40 Chapter 12 ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION OPPORTUNITIES 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d PicProfile: i.Think Online Online focus focus groups groups 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e Candid Candid thoughts thoughts e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca Moderator Moderator selection selection is is critical critical e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-42 PicProfile: Online Surveys 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-43 PicProfile: Snausages Breakfast Bites Social Social media media discussions discussions Invited Invited dog dog lovers lovers “What “What does does your your dog dog eat eat for for breakfast?” breakfast?” 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca Dog Dog Lovers Lovers care care about about nutritional nutritional content content of of pet pet food food e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-44 Snapshot: Maritz Customer Satisfaction New New non-compensatory non-compensatory model model Scale Scale overall overall satisfaction satisfaction first first Then Then scale scale individual individual attributes attributes 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 What What attribute attribute made made experience experience so so good/bad good/bad as as to to offset offset all all others? others? 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-45 Snapshot: Paired Comparison “We now estimate that Americans with disabilities currently spent $13.2 billion in travel expenditures and that amount would at least double [to $27.2 billion] if travel businesses were more attuned to the needs of those with disabilities.” 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-46 Galaxy…Teen Shopping Study Study on on teen teen shopping shopping Compete Compete with with specialty specialty stores stores 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 Intra-store Intra-store boutiques? boutiques? 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 What What scale? scale? fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-47 Pull Quote “Any measurement must take into account the position of the observer There is no such thing as measurement absolute, there is only measurement relative.” Jeanette Winterson journalist and author 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-48 PulsePoint: Research Revelation 34 The percent of workers who are considered truly loyal 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-49 Chapter 12 MEASUREMENT SCALES 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d Photo Attributions Slide Source ©liquidlibrary/Picturequest 10 Steve Cole/Getty Images 17 Ryan McVay/Getty Images 18 Ingram Publishing 19 Jupiterimages 20 wavebreakmedia Ltd/Getty Images 21 Getty Images/Digital Vision Slide Source 28 DreamPictures/Shannon Faulk/Getty Images 29 Jerry Ballard/Alamy 42 Courtesy of iThink 43 ©Pamela S Schindler 44 Royalty-Free/Corbis 45 Thinkstock Images/Getty Images 6f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 6e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66 b5ff294 1e747 e 46 JUPITERIMAGES/Creatas/Alamy e1b11a9 32da b860 f81 b6f9bdc32 ecac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f8 932dab860 f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7776e 0cf7b6 0da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2 941e 747e6 f87e 1b1 1a 25 ©Digital Vision/Getty Images 26 Juice Images/Cultura/Getty Images 860f8 1b6 f9bdc32eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff29 41e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32da b 47 ©Fancy Collection/SuperStock f81b6f9 bdc32e cac7 776e0 cf7b6 0da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b86 6f9bdc3 2eca c77 76e0 cf7 b60 da52 f6cf66 b5ff294 1e74 7e6f87e1 b11a9 32dab860 f81 b dc32e cac7776 e0cf7b60da5 2f6 cf66b5ff2941e 747e 6f87 e1b1 1a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 b 32eca c7776 e0cf7 b60da 52f6cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc c7776 e0cf7b60da 52f6 cf66b5ff2941 e747e 6f8 7e1b11a932 dab8 60f81b6 f9 bdc32e ca e0cf7b60 da52 f6 cf6 6b5ff2 941e7 47e6 f87e 1b11a 932da b860 f81 b6 f9bdc3 2eca c777 fc3a3 f93a 08582 6d66a 60f835 d2406 ea15 f7e7 b88cbf5e9cb78 cc9e16 d1072 e24 c3ee4 7d0800 c6a8 0136 f54 da448 1c2 b397 7f6 f33 e0be 8a4b3 d678 cc5b77 828 cc3 7ae38 f66a4 9c84a7 1dc1cb825a 4f1 d7c732fb9a4 e5765 f83 10c1984 f96 1e06 cf3 fc71f185b5ad74 b fac7b7b2 0dfcfdcdf1 cf4 2b2 fc6 b5a c1e9 c4a51ae fef5b7 de7f4b3 cc9e5d780d33d5 94 9e3f2 1bf4656 147e4 1c5 63d1 76a97 9e946 6be8 9c63 c0e 2907 0df0e654 8e28 c32 c6 f8f7 7ea8e433 c9 f051 8c9 06b9a 684d9d02 5cb598 854db148 3a8024 9bc348 7e1be 4646 2d7a b f21d145b5b08 b8e1 f8 c76 f42 b4ce 759fb93 c48 e7f8a41e7 8571e 64a2 f48b0e5 c8d4 bb8 df3 fa34df8 f2c9de ba5dcb1e e30bc7d67cb1d4163 72d9 47cdab0 1c5 76b2 b2efb3 c49a2 08d258 539 bc6 96d5a 3b1a4 c49 7180 bae30 dc4 4793a3 dc5d19 4ad09 3cb5c3f9 9f2 02398 30ff2d29 b07 f39 d69e d7d2 e358bfca d25b40c5434 0e68a b4ee2 b76e0 b2a8 65300 be6e 95f4 fcb5fd1f4 934 f29e7 ee6d7cfa 31ddc0 5b49 f94 3c1 e22 f3b5 c0e4a d46 2e7c96fc5b 3f9 f11 c9f0 8a6db91a1 7118e 3de6 3e7a02 f9 c1d19137 7d0a7a 34d40ff5b8 453 f6f4e0e 59e15a9 f853 8397 40b3 e9ac33e6fc51 7d8 b739 3a5076 c67 d16e 7cc03df1 b1f0b9 fc0 46 3a67e368 0a4d3d50 cf8d5 f476 8201 e328 cbbba50 c741 ebd4f6 b2e1 0316e d218 e1d2 918 0d4204 90efb3ab05fb73 c76 f04 f402 4609 30bbbd8c70 8725 e74dc8 cf9a 5b23 c6 ce52 6d 12-51