luận văn thạc sĩ evaluating the quality of english vietnamese translations carried out by google translate

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY TRẦN THỊ NGỌC GIÀU EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF ENGLISHVIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS CARRIED OUT BY GOOGLE TRANSLATE Field: English Linguistics Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Lê Nhân Thành, Ph.D download by : skknchat@gmail.com BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN TRẦN THỊ NGỌC GIÀU ĐÁNH GIÁ CHẤT LƯỢNG CÁC BẢN DỊCH ANH-VIỆT DO GOOGLE TRANSLATE THỰC HIỆN Chuyên ngành: Ngôn Ngữ Anh Mã số: 8.22.02.01 Người hướng dẫn: TS Lê Nhân Thành download by : skknchat@gmail.com i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank all those who helped me complete this thesis First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Le Nhan Thanh, who has given guidance, patience, time, support, and help essential for the completion of this thesis Without his support, this thesis would never exist Besides, I would like to express my thankfulness to all the teachers of the Department of Foreign Languages, Quy Nhon University, for their useful lessons, guidance, experience, wholehearted instruction, enthusiasm, and sympathy to make me a more knowledgeable person today This thesis would have never been fulfilled without the assistance and support from my classmates of the 19th MA Course on the English Language at Quy Nhon University Last but not least, I would like to send my warmest thanks to my family and friends, whose love and encouragement were a source of inspiration and motivation for me to complete this thesis successfully download by : skknchat@gmail.com ii ABSTRACT Google Translate may produce translations with different levels of quality depending on the kinds of text it translates This study aims to evaluate the quality of GT’s Vietnamese translations of English literary and technical texts to see which of these two genres Google Translate translates better The study tries to answer the research question (1) How does Google Translate translate literary texts and technical texts in terms of translation quality? and (2) Which of these two genres does Google Translate translate better? Based on Haijar Khanmohammd and Maryam Osanloo’s (2009) conceptual framework of five common types of translation errors including orthographic errors, morphological errors, lexical errors, semantic errors, and syntactic errors, the researcher analyzed Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of three literary texts with 5,773 words and six technical texts with 4,884 words in total The findings indicate that GT is better with the technical texts than the literary texts It is understandable as literary texts are more closely related to culture than technical texts Although the study achieved its aim, there were some limitations For instance, there was no investigation on the influence of translation errors on TL readers, and the data for the study was not big enough for more reliable generalizations Some implications for teachers and students of translation, translators and other researchers are addressed in the thesis download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .i ABSTRACTABBREVIATIONS ii ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Thesis CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Translation Theory 2.1.1 Definition of translation 2.1.2 Translation methods 2.1.3 Translation shifts 2.1.4 Translation equivalence 10 2.1.5 Translation errors 13 2.1.6 Translation quality assessment (TQA) 19 2.2 Machine Translation 22 2.2.1 The history of machine translation 22 2.2.2 Google Translate 24 2.3 Genres 27 download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate iv 2.4 Conceptual Framework 28 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODS 30 3.1 Research Methods 30 3.2 Data Collection 31 3.3 Data Analysis 33 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 35 4.1 Literary Texts 35 4.1.1 Orthographic errors 37 4.1.2 Morphological errors 38 4.1.3 Lexical errors 40 4.1.4 Semantic errors 41 4.1.5 Syntactic errors 43 4.2 Technical Texts 44 4.2.1 Orthographic errors 46 4.2.2 Morphological errors 46 4.2.3 Lexical errors 47 4.2.4 Semantic errors 47 4.2.5 Syntactic errors 49 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 51 5.1 Summary of the Findings 51 5.2 Limitations of the Study 54 5.3 Implications of the Study 54 5.3.1 Implications for teachers and students of translation 54 5.3.2 Implications for translators 55 5.3.3 Implications for other researchers 56 REFERENCES 57 download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate v ABBREVIATIONS GT Goolge translate IIMA Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad LE Lexical errors ME Morphological errors MT Machine translation OE Orthographic errors POS Part-of-speech SE Semantic errors SL Source language SYE Syntactic errors TT Target translation download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 51 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In this final chapter, the researcher will summarize the main findings Also, the researcher discusses the limitations of the research as well as recommends some implications for teachers, students, translators and other researchers 5.1 Summary of the Findings Basing on the conceptual framework of the error types in translation, the researcher analyzed the errors committed by GT when translating English into Vietnamese in terms of two genres: literary and technical texts The translation errors in the literary texts and technical texts committed by GT are summarized in the following table: Table Summary of translation errors committed by GT in the literary text and technical texts Literary texts Sub-types of Technical texts Type of errors Occurrences errors Percentage Occurrences Percentage Punctuation 23 3.88% 0% Capitalization 0.51% 0% Spelling 0% 0% Morphological Verb 101 17.03% 0% errors Noun 89 15.01% 0.26% Extra words 0% 0% Missing words 0.17% 0.26% Semantic errors 258 43.51% 230 59.12 Orthographic errors Lexical errors Semantic errors download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 52 Literary texts Sub-types of Technical texts Type of errors Occurrences errors Percentage Occurrences Percentage 0% Conjunction 0% Preposition 23 3.88% Article 0% 0% 95 16.02% 157 40.36 0% 0% 593 100% 389 100% Syntactic errors Syntactic element reordering Category errors TOTAL Looking at the table above, we can see that semantic errors accounted for the highest rate (49.69%) The syntactic errors and morphological errors made up of 28.01% and 19.45%, respectively Finally, orthographic errors and lexical errors accounted for the smallest proportions (2.65% and 0.2%, respectively) For orthographic errors, GT’s translations of the literary texts included 26 errors meanwhile its made no error in the translations of the technical errors For morphological errors, there were 190 errors in GT’s translations of the literary texts, but there was only one error in GT’s translations of the technical texts Concerning GT’s lexical errors, only one error occurred in the translations of the literary and technical texts The translations of the literary texts consisted of 258 semantic errors meanwhile translations of the technical texts included 230 errors For syntactic errors, the Vietnamese versions of the literary texts included 95 errors while those of the technical texts had 157 errors download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 53 It is concluded that GT’s translations of the technical texts are better than those of the literary texts When translating the technical texts, GT committed fewer errors than it did when translating the literary texts GT’s errors may be due to two main types of causes, namely subjective causes and objective causes Only good translators can produce translations of high quality To be able to create a good translation, the translator must be competent in both the source and target languages and have an extensive cultural background The basic reason for a poor translation is the translator’s language competence In fact, Vietnamese translators excel at their own mother tongue, and their language incompetence can be considered in two broad fields namely vocabulary and grammatical structures However, one of the important requirements is the cultural background because, without cultural background, literary translation cannot achieve good quality Therefore, translators need to pay attention to their own culture and the culture of the foreign language that they work with The objective cause is the fact that Vietnamese and English have many differences in vocabulary and grammatical rules, which can cause difficulties for translators to obtain good translations Moreover, translation, especially literary translation, is not simply a linguistic transformation of texts Rather, it is a rendering of cultural concepts from one language to another Cultural differences can make difficulties for translators Asian culture in general and Vietnamese culture in particular have many things uncommon in Western and American culture Various concepts that are familiar to Vietnamese people may be alien to English-speaking readers Translators will find it difficult to choose equivalents To have a successful translation of high quality, translators have to overcome the obstacles created by the difference between their own culture and the culture of the foreign language download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 54 Although GT has not proved to be a very good machine translator, we cannot deny its advantages In other words, it can be said that GT's translation quality is quite good for those who not speak a certain language to understand the meaning of a website, for example, written in English We cannot ask for GT’s higher translation quality even though Google is committed to continually improving and upgrading GT’s translation quality because GT is a just "machine that knows how to translate" and not "a flesh and blood interpreter" (Pym, 1992, p.281) Indeed, this "translation machine" still uses the "word-for-word" translation mechanism that directly compares the original words with the equivalent words in the target language and then translates it into the TL Also, there are quite many grammatical sentence patterns that are present in the GT database, but they are not always properly and appropriately used 5.2 Limitations of the Study Although the study achieved its aim, there are some limitations Firstly, due to the limited time, the author did not investigate the influence of translation errors on TL readers Second, the analysis was limited to more than 10,000 words of the texts cited from two genres, so the errors found in this study and their frequency may not apply to GT’s translations of texts in other genres Additionally, the data was not big enough to offer the most comprehensive and exact overview of the quality of the English-Vietnamese translations carried out by GT 5.3 Implications of the Study In this section, the researcher pressents the impilications for teachers, students, and translators and for other researchers 5.3.1 Implications for teachers and students of translation This study examined the errors committed by GT when it translated the literary and technical texts written in English to Vietnamese Firstly, the results of the study can be used as a download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 55 guideline for teachers to recognize the errors made by GT as well as students These errors include errors in punctuation, spelling, verbs, nouns, extra words, missing words, semantic errors, conjunctions, articles, syntactic element reordering, and category errors Secondly, the results indicate the strengths and weaknesses of GT in translating texts of different genres The results of the study suggest that the GT had more difficulties in translating the literary texts compared with the difficulties it met in translating the technical texts These findings are beneficial to teachers in that they should ask their students who use GT to pay more attention to GT’s translations of literary texts Finally, the school or authority can use these results to design the curriculum in order to enhance their English competence as well as set an appropriate and supportive environment for their language learning In particular, English semantics and collocations should be taught The students should be more exposed to the English culture by speaking with native speakers and studying authentic English texts, for instance 5.3.2 Implications for translators GT, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations GT may be able to help people understand the general content of foreign language texts, but it does not always deliver correct translations Translators should use GT only as a reference, especially when translating contracts, agreements, technical texts or other official and legal documents Thus, total reliance on GT is unwise for translators The results of this study show that there are quite many errors if users use GT for their translation In other words, using GT does not lead to perfect translations of the original texts The results indicate that GT may be better used for technical texts than literary ones Thus, translators must be aware of potential complications such as words with multiple meanings, download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 56 words that have specific notions in specific contexts, words that are not recognized by GT, words that have different levels of formality, etc 5.3.3 Implications for other researchers In the process of Vietnam’s integration into the world economy and culture, English– Vietnamese translations become more and more significant when acting as a bridge connecting different cultures This progress also requires translations of high quality, in particular from English to Vietnamese and vice versa Based on the results and the limitations of the study, some suggestions for further research are as follows Firstly, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all genres Therefore, it is proposed that future studies will be carried out using texts of other genres Additionally, the length of each English text should be longer to ensure more objective generalizations about the quality of GT’s translations in terms of genres Secondly, this study examined the quality of GT’s translations of English texts into Vietnamese Further studies should investigate GT’s translations of Vietnamese texts into English texts Perhaps, the results of such studies will be very different from the results of the present study owing to the linguistic differences in these languages It can be concluded that GT accelerates translation, and it may help translators produce faster and even better translations However, as the results of the study indicate, GT gave better translations of technical texts compared to those of literary texts Therefore, translators should pay more attention to errors often committed by GT so that their translations will get better quality download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate 57 REFERENCES Amin Karimnia (2011) Waddington’s model of translation quality assessment: A critical inquiry Tehran: Islamic Azad University Berelson, B (1952) Content analysis in communication research Glencoe, IL: Free Press Cabeceran, F., M., R C.J., M., M A., J B, & Rodríguez Fonollosa, J A (2010) Linguistic-based evaluation criteria to identify statistical machine translation errors The 14th annual conference of the European association for machine translation Saint-Raphaël Catford, J C (1965) A linguistic theory of translation Oxford: Oxford University Press Farah Hana Amanah (2017) Errors made by Google Translate and its rectification by human translators Menara: University of Malaysia Haijar Khanmohammd & Maryam Osanloo (2009) Moving toward objective scoring: A rubric for translation assessment JELS, 1(1), 131-153 Hatim, B., & Mason, I (1990) Discourse and the translator London: Longman Holsti, O R (1968) Content analysis In G L E A (Eds.) (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology, (2), 596-692 House, J (1997) Translation quality assessment: A model revisited Tübingen: Narr Kerlinger, F N (1986) Foundations of behavioral research, 3, New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Krippendorff, K (1980) Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology London: Sage Publications Mechmood, A., Amber, R., Ameer, S., & Faiz, R (2014) Transitivity analysis: Representation of love in Wilde's the nightingale and the rose European journal of research in social sciences, 2(4) download by : skknchat@gmail.com luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate luan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translateluan.van.thac.si.evaluating.the.quality.of.english.vietnamese.translations.carried.out.by.google.translate