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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULITY OF ECONOMIC YASUKATA FUKAHORI THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND ITS IMPLICATION TO VIETNAM Major: Political Economy Code: 62.31.01.01 DOCTORAL PHILOSOPHY OF ECONOMICS Advisor: Associated Professor, Doctor Phi Manh Hong Doctor Phung Xuan Nha HaNoi, 2008 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI COLLEGE OF ECONOMIC YASUKATA FUKAHORI THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND ITS IMPLICATION TO VIETNAM Major: Political Economy Code: 62.31.01.01 DOCTORAL PHILOSOPHY OF ECONOMICS Advisor: Associated Professor, Doctor Phi Manh Hong Doctor Phung Xuan Nha HaNoi, 2008 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CONTENTS Page Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… Chapter I: Economic Theories Related to Environmental Conservation……… 14 1.1 Theories of Common Pool Resources …………………………………… 14 1.2 Theories of Collective Actions and International Agreements …………… 23 1.3 Coase Theorem ………………………………………………………… 25 1.4 Game Theory ……………………………………………………….…… 26 1.5 Other Economic Theories …………………………………………….… 31 1.6 Application of Economic Theories to Environmental Conservation……… 36 1.6.1 Sustainability and Budget Line – Case Study for Forest Conservation…… 36 1.6.2 Game theory scenarios and possible contribution arrangements of 46 international agreements ………………………………………….……… 1.7 Summary of Results ………………………………………………….…… 88 1.8 Recommendations …………………………………………………….… 90 Chapter II: Environmental Conservation in Relation with Trade, ODA and 92 Sustainable Development ………………………………………… …………… 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 Trade Agreements and Environmental Issues ………………………… … The New Politics of Trade ……………………………………… ……… Trade under Commodity Agreements and Environmental Conservation… WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism and Environmental Conservation Global Environmental Issues ……….…………………………………… Issues and Problems related to Global Environmental Conservation……… World Summit for Environment ……………….………………………… ODA and Environmental Issues ………………………………………… Trade and ODA …………………………………….…………………… ODA and Environmental Issues …………………….…………………… Problem of International Aid …………………………….……………… TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 92 92 96 100 101 102 103 106 106 107 107 Private Sector …………………………………………………………… Transparency …………………………………………………….……… The Problem of Sovereignty and Economic Forces ……………………… Capacity Building, Education, and International Treaties ………….…… Sustainable Management of Environmental Natural Resources ……….… Definitions of Sustainable Development ………………………………… Economic growth for local welfare and conservation - Sustainable Development 2.4.3 Problems Causing Sustainable Management …………………… ……… 2.5 Environmental Conservation and International Agreement ……………… 2.5.1 International Negotiation on Environmental Conservation ……………… 2.5.2 Fund Raising under the Existing International Agreements ……………… 2.5.3 ITTO and Forest Conservation …………………………………………… 2.5.4 Limit in conservation by an international agreement organization ………… 2.6 Experiences in Other Countries…………………………………………… 2.6.1 Japan ……………………………………………………………………… 2.6.2 South Korea ……………………………………………………………… 2.6.3 China ……………………………………………………………………… Chapter III: Issues Related to Vietnam ………………………………………… 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 114 116 116 117 118 130 132 132 133 133 137 3.1 3.1.1 The New Trade Debate and Its Implication to Vietnam ………………… Vietnam’s New Membership of WTO …………………………………… 137 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 New Politics of Trade and Vietnam ……………………………………… CDM and Vietnam ……………………………………………………… ODA and Environment/Trade Issues for Vietnam………………………… Application of Economic Theory - Implication of ITTO Mechanisms to Vietnam - ………………………………………………………………… Scenario ………………………………………………………………… Scenario 2………………………………………………………………… Analysis of results ………………………………………………………… Summary of Games ……………………………………………………… Experiences in Other Countries for the comparison with Vietnam………… Japan ……………………………………………………………………… South Korea ………………………………………………………….…… China …………………………………………………………………… 138 139 141 142 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.3 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 137 144 151 156 157 160 160 160 160 3.2.4 Lessons from other countries …………………………………………… Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………… 161 List of reference materials ……………………………………………………… 168 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 162 LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES Page Chapter I: Economic Theories Related to Environmental Conservation 15 Figure 1.1 Supply=Demand Relation for Normal Private Goods 18 Figure 1.2 Supply=Demand Relation for Public Goods 18 Figure 1.3 Total Cost and Total Revenue Relation (Private goods) 20 Figure 1.4 Marginal Cost and Average Revenue Relation (Private Goods) Figure 1.5 Total Cost and Total Revenue Relation (Public Goods) 21 Figure 1.6 Marginal Cost and Average Revenue Relation (Public Goods) 21 Figure 1.7 Natural Resource Budget Line and Sustainable Level 23 Box 1.1 International Agreement and Game Theory 29 Figure 1.8 Contribution and Depletion Relation 30 Figure 1.9 Export Quota Allocation and Market 34 Figure 1.10 Elasticity of Substitution (High Elasticity) 35 Figure 1.11 Elasticity of Substitution (Low Elasticity) 35 Figure 1.12 Current and Possible Future Budget Lines 37 Figure 1.13 Long-term Tropical Forests Depletion Perspectives 38 Figure 1.14 The case sustainable level is set at 2000 41 Figure 1.15 The case sustainable level is much higher than present level 41 Figure 1.16 Contribution and Sustainable Level of Resource Depletion (Case 1) Contribution and Sustainable Level of Resource Depletion (Case 2) Contribution and Sustainable Level of Resource Depletion (Case 3) Relation between Fund and Global Environmental Value / Scenario (Gv = 2*(Cp + Pp) - 1500) Contribution to the Fund and Game Theory /Scenario (Gv = 2(Cp + Pp) - 1500) 44 Figure 1.17 Figure 1.18 Figure 1.19 Box 1.2 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 20 44 45 48 49 Box 1.3 Same environmental value for both consumers and producers 53 Box 1.4 No environmental value for producers 54 Box 1.5 Half environmental value for producers 55 Box 1.6 57 Box 1.7 Contribution to the fund and Game Theory /Scenario 1b (Gv = 2(Cp + Pp) - 1500)&(Pv = Gv - Pp + Cp) Same environmental value for both consumers and producers Box 1.8 No environmental value for producers 60 Box 1.9 Half environmental value for producers 61 Figure 1.20 63 Figure 1.21 Contribution and Sustainable Level of Depletion (Case 4: Both consumers and producers share responsibility) Budget Line of the Fund Figure 1.22 Budget Line Shift by Producers' Efforts 66 Figure 1.23 68 Box 1.11 Relation between contribution and Global Environmental Value /Scenario (Gv = Cp + Pp) Relation between contribution and Global Environmental Value /Scenario (Gv = Cp + Pp -1500) Contribution to the fund and Game Theory /Scenario (Gv = Cp + Pp) Same environmental value for both consumers and producers Box 1.12 No environmental value for producers 73 Box 1.13 Half environmental value for producers 74 Box 1.14 75 Box 1.15 Contribution to the fund and Game Theory /Scenario (Gv = Cp + Pp -1500) Same environmental value for both consumers and producers Box 1.16 No environmental value for producers 77 Box 1.17 Half environmental value for producers 78 Box 1.18 80 Box 1.19 Contribution to the fund and Game Theory /Scenario 2b (Gv = Cp + Pp)&(Pv = Gv -Pp + Cp) Same environmental value for both consumers and producers Box 1.20 No environmental value for producers 82 Box 1.21 Half environmental value for producers 83 Figure 1.24 Box 1.10 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com 59 66 69 71 72 76 81 Box 1.22 84 Box 1.23 Contribution to the fund and Game Theory /Scenario 3b (Gv = Cp + Pp -1500)&(Pv = Gv - Pp + Cp) Same environmental value for both consumers and producers Box 1.24 No environmental value for producers 86 Box 1.25 Half environmental value for producers 87 Chapter II: Environmental Conservation and Trade ……………… 92 Table 2.1 Developing Countries' Share in Total Exports of Selected 99 Table 2.2 Total forest area, related land area and population in 1995 120 Table 2.3 Forest cover change for developing countries 123 Table 2.4 Current and projected consumption of forest products (1990-2010) Natural forest and Net Plantations in developing countries 124 Forest cover state and change by ecological zone for tropical countries Chapter III: Issues Related to Vietnam ……………………………… 126 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 85 125 132 Box 3.2 Relation between the Bali Partnership Fund and Vietnam Scenario (GVv = Cp + Vp) Contribution to the Bali Partnership Fund and Game Theory / Scenario 1: Vietam (GVv = Cp + Vp) Same environmental value for both Vietnam and consumers Box 3.3 No environmental value for Vietnam 149 Box 3.4 Half environmental value for Vietnam 150 Box 3.5 152 Box 3.6 Contribution to the Bali Partnership Fund and Game Theory /Scenario 2: Vietnam (GVv = Cp + Vp)&(Vv = GVv -Vp + Cp) Same environmental value for both Vietnam and consumers Box 3.7 No environmental value for Vietnam 154 Box 3.8 No environmental value for Vietnam 155 Figure 3.1 Box 3.1 146 147 148 153 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com Abbreviations AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ARF ASEAN Regional Forum ASEAN Association of East Asian Nations ASEM Asia Europe Meeting BTA Bilateral Trade Agreement CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEPT Common Effective Preferential Tariff COP Conference of the Parties CPR Common Pool Resource CPRGS Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy DDA Doha Development Agenda DSB Dispute Settlement Board FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FCCC Framework Convention on the Climate Change FTA Free Trade Agreement FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americas GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GEF General Environmental Facilities GHG Green House Gas ICO International Coffee Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change ITTA International Tropical Timber Agreement ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization MAI Multilateral Agreement on Investment MDG Millennium Development Goals MEA Multilateral Environment Agreement TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com MMT Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NGO Non-Governmental Organization ODA Official Development Aid OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SOE State Owned Enterprise TED Turtle Excluder Device TPA Trade Promotion Authority UN United Nations UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme USITC United States International Trade Commission WB World Bank WCED World Commission on Environment and Development WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WTO WWF Trade Organization World Wildlife Fund TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam organizations in order for Coase Theorem to become effective The level of sustainable development must also be properly defined under the rules of the organization It better needs to be endorsed by scientific researches and undisputable data and evidences The level of penalty must be larger than the benefit from which member countries can gain from chiseling, because otherwise there would be no incentive for those chiseling countries to stop making unfair profits out of trade of the resources As for Vietnam, it would be necessary for Vietnam to pay due attention to the issues related to trade and environment especially because Vietnam has become a member of WTO in January 2007 Vietnam will face pressure from international community on its domestic environmental policies by way of international agreements Even sanctions or penalties would possibly be applied to Vietnam However, if a proper system is established and proper consultations are held, Vietnam may be able to receive fund to achieve sustainable management of domestic natural resources without paying extra contributions to international organizations For this to become possible, Vietnam needs to identify its own value on the environmental products and measure the same for the global community Above summation has been derived from the following process of this thesis structure First, the thesis stated with a number of evidences that environmental conservation has been closely linked in trade debate Second, the thesis introduced a number of economic theories related to economic externalities which proved that environmental international resources 162 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam are doomed to be over-exploited Third, the thesis also introduced a new idea on sustainable development represented by the equation “C ≦ ΔOS*E + S” which innovatively illustrates the relation of two major concepts on sustainable management This equation helps us to see the relation between two points of sustainability in a single diagram Forth, the thesis explained in detail about the current issues related to trade and environment, including commodity agreements, WTO Doha round negotiations, World Environment Summits, and ODA Fifth, the thesis employed the game theory as the main tool to conduct economic analysis related to trade and environmental conservation through international organizations Sixth, the thesis took up ITTO as a case study to apply game theory to see the effect of balance of power between producers and consumers which would have significant impact on tropical timber trade and forest resource conservation Seventh, the thesis put factors derived from Ostrom‟s cooperative game theories and introduced two factors, i.e., the enforcement with penalty and self-arranged arbitration system Eighth, the thesis explains the related situation of Vietnam and also applied the above stated games to Vietnam By this well planned and organized thesis structure, the above set of conclusions are theoretically established It should be noted, however, that it is indispensable to identify rules and 163 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam mechanisms to establish a workable dispute settlement and monitoring systems It may not be easy to prove that a workable system can be established through the games of cooperation because it depends on the conditions of the international and domestic market forces In any case, this thesis has clearly shown that the conservation would require the transfer of fund from consumers to producers in order for it to become effectively successful Even though both consumers and producers equally wish for the successful conservation of the international natural resources, consumers are requested to transfer the fund directly to producers because the property rights are clearly attached to producers as indicated under Coarse theorem In real world, this means that a country like Vietnam which is classified as the producers for timbers, biodiversity and other environmental resources, may not necessarily bear much financial burden under the framework of international organizations This has already been being experimentally introduced for the cases of CDM trade under which developing countries provide the environmental amenity to the global community through Kyoto Protocol As for Vietnam, the plight of environmental degradation has not reached a serious stage yet However, proper attention needs to be made during the course of economic development, particularly under the trade liberalization efforts supported by WTO systems As discussed in the Chapter 2, the relation between trade and environment will be focused in the future trade debate in the international context Therefore, Vietnam also needs to be prepared for the role under which Vietnam is expected to follow in order to maintain its domestic environmental resources above the sustainable level Forestry can become an important sector to this effect because of the international concerns and efforts to implement CDM The games in the Chapter indicate that Vietnam has been maintaining its forest resources to a relatively stable condition for the possible sustainable level The trade-offs with the benefit to be obtained from timber trade during the course of future economic development process need to be carefully administrated 164 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is still being negotiated among WTO member countries as of June 2007 However, there seems to be a possibility for an agreement to be reached on the agricultural negotiation, the hardest item among the agenda, even during the summer of 2007 If the agreement is reached for agriculture, the entire DDA could be concluded soon after that Since Vietnam is now a member of WTO, Vietnam can express its own views related to DDA negotiations which may change the course of the negotiations The environmental issues are not exception Vietnam can make its own position with regard to environmental issues under WTO and actively participate in the negotiations while DDA negotiations are still being conducted It may be difficult for Vietnam to change the course of DDA negotiations because DDA has been negotiated for nearly years while Vietnam was outside of the system However, it is likely that a new round of negotiations will be launched soon after the conclusion of DDA Then, Vietnam is full-fledged to participate in the negotiations to secure its own positions and profits As stated in this thesis, environmental issues will definitely be closely, or even more closely, related to WTO negotiations Hence, the new round negotiations will be a good chance for Vietnam to form a national policy on the trade and environmental issues A possible outcome which may derive from this thesis onto the Vietnam‟s policy on WTO negotiations is that Vietnam would request that international communities, i.e., other WHO members, recognize the value of environmental assets which Vietnam holds at this moment calculated by Vietnam, and demand them to bear the cost of the maintenance of such values as they will be damaged if Vietnam increase its export to other members The right values of „a‟ and „e‟ and game patterns used in the games of this thesis, which is arbitrary for Vietnam to calculate but may also be negotiated under new round, will have to be first determined by Vietnam before the negotiations Then, based on the values of „a‟ and „e‟ and identified game patterns, Vietnam may be able to identify the amount of contributions which other members of WTO should bear as a form of economic cooperation to Vietnam in order to 165 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam compensate for the trade benefits which would be foregone by protecting environmental assets in Vietnam It is the author‟s hope and pleasure if the implications stated in this thesis become some reference for Vietnam in forming its position for WTO negotiations 166 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS Asahi News Agency (2002), “World Summit,” Asahi 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of International Economy, Washington D.C 41 Stiling, P (1996), Ecology, Prentice-Hall Inc., NJ 42 Suzuki, Y (2001), Application of Game Theory, Yuhikaku, Tokyo 168 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com & (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam (LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam(LUAN.an.TIEN.si).the.role.of.international.agreements.in.environmental.conservation.and.its.implication.to.vietnam
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