(LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ) An investigation into the problems faced by the teachers and students in teaching and learning English pronunciation at a High school for ethnic minorities in Vietnam Forestry University

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** NGÔ THỊ THANH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION AT A HIGH SCHOOL FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES IN VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY: A Survey Research (Tìm hiểu vấn đề mà giáo viên học sinh trường THPT- Dân tộc Nội trú Đại học Lâm nghiệp gặp phải việc dạy học phát âm Tiếng Anh: Nghiên cứu điều tra ) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** NGÔ THỊ THANH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION AT A HIGH SCHOOL FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES IN VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY: A Survey Research (Tìm hiểu vấn đề mà giáo viên học sinh trường THPT- Dân tộc Nội trú Đại học Lâm nghiệp gặp phải việc dạy học phát âm Tiếng Anh: Nghiên cứu điều tra ) M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 Supervisor: LÂM PHÚC HÂN M.A Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………… i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… ii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………… iii List of abbreviation……………………………………………………………………v List of table………………………………………………………………………… vi PART A: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………1 1.1 Rationale of the study …………………………………………………………1 1.2 Aims of the study…………………………………………………………… 1.3 Research questions…………………………………………………………… 1.4 Scope of the study…………………………………………………………… 1.5 Methods of the study………………………………………………………… 1.6 Significance of the study…………………………………………………… 1.7 Design of the study………………………………………………………… PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………5 1.1 English ending sounds………………… …………………………………….5 1.2 Vietnamese ending sounds………… ……………………………………… 1.3 Teaching pronunciation……………………………………………………….9 1.3.1 Approaches in teaching pronunciation…………………………… …9 1.3.2 Techniques and activities …………………………………… ……10 1.4 Factors affecting learning pronunciation……………………… ………….12 1.5 Teachers’ and students’ problems in teaching and learning pronunciation 13 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY………………………… 16 2.1 Description of the setting ………………………………………… ……….16 2.1.1 Description of the school …………………………………………… 16 2.1.2 Description of the course …………………………………………… 16 2.2 Subjects…………………………………………………………………… 16 2.3 Research instruments ………………………… ……………………………17 2.4 Data collection procedures ………………………………………………….19 CHAPTER THREE: PRESENTATION OF THE DATA ………………………… 20 3.1 Survey questionnaires …………………………………………………20 3.1.1 Teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards teaching and learning pronunciation ……………………………………………………………………20 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv 3.1.2 Students’ pronunciation level ………………………………… 20 3.1.3 Pronunciation teaching and learning time… …… ……………21 3.1.4 Teachers and students’ problems in teaching and learning pronunciation 3.1.5 Teachers’ and students’ problems in teaching and learning specific aspects of pronunciation……….…………………………………………….22 3.1.6 Classroom approaches, techniques and activities used by teachers … 24 3.1.7 Students’ expectations and teachers’ recommendations to teaching and learning pronuncia……………………………………………………………24 3.2 Classroom observations …………………………………………………… 26 3.2.1 Teaching materials and curriculum ………………… ……………….26 3.2.2 Students’ activities and their mistakes in producing ending sounds… 26 3.2.3 Teachers’ approaches and techniques used in teaching pronunciation 27 4.3 Interviews and discussions………………………………………………… 29 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research question 1………………………………………………………….31 4.2 Research question two……………………………………………………… 32 4.2.1 Teachers problems in teaching pronunciation ………………… …….32 4.2.2 Students’ problems learning pronunciation………………………… 34 4.3 Research question 3………………………………………………………… 35 4.3.1 Phonetic training………………………… ……………………………36 4.3.2 Drilling………………… …………………………………………… 36 4.3.3 Listening and imitating……….……………………………………… 36 4.3.4 Reading aloud…… ………………………………………………… 37 4.3.5 Combining of techniques … ………………………………………… 37 PART C: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS summary of the findings …………………………………………………… 38 limitations and recommendations for further study… ……………………….38 Conclusion……….……………………………………………………………39 REREFENCES……………………………………………………………………… 40 APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………………… I Appendix 1: Survey questionnaire for teachers……………………………… ….I Appendix 2: Survey questionnaire for students………………………………….IV Appendix 3: Classroom observation sheet…………………………………… VII Appendix 4: Interview questions and transcription…………………………… IX TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University v LIST OF ABBREVIATION EMs: Ethnic Minorities……… ………………………………………………ii EMS: Ethnic minority students………………………………………….……ii EmsHS: High school for Ethnic minorities………………………………… ii ESL: English as the second language……………………………………… ii L1: The first language……………………………………………………… ii L2: The second language………………………………………………… ii VFL: Vietnamese as the first language……………………………………….ii VFU: Forestry University of Vietsnam………………………… ………… ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University vi LIST OF TABLES Table Teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards teaching and learning pronunciation 18 Table Teachers’ evaluation about students’ pronunciation level 19 Table Teachers’ and students’ time on pronunciation 19 Table Teachers’ and students’ problems in teaching teaching and learning pronunciation Table 20 Teachers’ and students’ evaluation about the difficulty in pronouncing elements of English syllables 20 Table Students’ problems in pronouncing word-final consonants 21 Table Teachers’ activities in pronunciation lessons 21 Table Teachers’ suggestions and Students’ expectations in teaching and learning pronunciation Table 22 Teachers’ choice of techniques used in teaching pronunciation 23 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University PART A: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study Nowadays, with the rapid pace of integration and globalization, English becomes a golden key to open the door of many fields such as commerce, communication, science and technology throughout the world Therefore, to meet the demand of the society, it is very necessary to teach English in schools at all levels And the highest target is to get well in communication If one wants to get successful in communication, he must be good at pronunciation: “a threehold level of pronunciation in English such that if a given non-native speaker's pronunciation falls below this level, he or she will not be able to communicate orally no matter how good his or her control of English grammar and vocabulary might be” (Celce-Murcia, 1987:5) In the field of language teaching, the role of pronunciation has varied widely from having virtually no role in the grammar-translation method to being the central focus in the audio-lingual method where emphasis is on the traditional notions of pronunciation, minimal pairs, drills and short conversations The growing emphasis on communicative approaches for the teaching of English has placed higher demands for correct pronunciation Despite this fact, at the upper-secondary school level in Vietnam, in language teaching and learning, compared with vocabulary, grammar and language skills, pronunciation has so far been paid less attention to In the official textbooks used for teaching English at high school level, there are a few exercises for pronunciation practice To make the matter worse, all important English exams at schools as well as the entrance exam to universities are always in written form so most teachers as well as students have little motivation to teach and to learn pronunciation As a result, students are often shy and not self-confident to speak in English And that is the reason why the effectiveness of teaching pronunciation still remains one of the most extremely problematic subjects in the field of language teaching Coping with this pressing fact, as a language teacher teaching English at EMsHS, I want to raise these questions: What is the present situation of teaching and learning pronunciation of English at my school? What are typical problems that teachers and students have in teaching and learning pronunciation? What are proper methods that can be used to teach pronunciation? TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University II What you to overcome your problems and help your students overcome their problems? a Using different teaching approaches, techniques and classroom activities b Using authentic materials c Carrying out on-going assessments d Ignoring teaching and learning pronunciation f Your own ways (please specify)…………………………………………… Do you have enough time to teach pronunciation as you want? (If your answer is No, please go on to question 8): Yes No How long you often spend teaching pronunciation a week? a Less than 20 minutes b From 20 minutes to 45 minutes c More than 45 minutes d No time on pronunciation Do you think that we should teach pronunciation at high school? (If your answer is No, please go on to question 10): Yes No 10 What should we to improve students’ pronunciation? (You can choose more than one answer) a Increasing teaching and learning time b Contacting various teaching approaches, techniques and activities c Teaching pronunciation strategically d Using authentic materials e Increasing teachers’ roles f Carrying out on-going assessment g Your own ideas (please specify)……………………………………………… 11 Which of the following techniques and activities you think possible and effective to improve students’ pronunciation? (You can choose more than one answer) TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University III a Listen and imitate b Drilling c Reading aloud d Phonetic training e Chaining f Visual aids g Recording students’ production h.Your suggestions (please specify : ……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………….) Thank you very much for your co-operation! TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University IV Appendix SURVEY QUESIONNAIRE (for students) Phiếu điều tra thiết kế nhằm tìm hiểu nhu cầu, thái độ, khó khăn học sinh việc học phát âm tiếng Anh từ tìm giải pháp tốt giúp em nâng cao khả phát âm Vì hợp tác em đóng vai trị quan trọng thành công đề tài Rất mong nhận hợp tác em Xin chân thành cảm ơn Để hoàn thành phiếu điều tra này, em khoanh tròn trả lời đáp án mà em cho thích hợp nhất.(Các em chọn nhiều đáp án) Em học tiếng Anh rồi? …………………………………………… Theo em, phần sau quan trọng học tiếng Anh? a Ngữ pháp b Từ vựng c Phát âm d Phát triển kỹ ngơn ngữ ( Nghe, Nói, đọc, Viết Em thấy học phát âm có khó khơng? Nếu câu trả lời có trả lời tiếp câu sau Có Khơng Em thấy khó phần sau đây? a Phụ âm b Nguyên âm c trọng âm d âm điệu Em có hiểu tổ hợp phụ âm Tiếng Anh khơng? a Có, hiểu kỹ b Có, hiểu chút c Khơng hiểu chút Khi học phát âm thành phần âm tiết sau, em thấy khó phần nào? a Tổ hợp phụ âm đầu b nguyên âm c Tổ hợp phụ âm cuối d Khó khăn riêng em? ……………………… Khi nói Tiếng Anh em có thường ý đến việc phát âm âm phụ âm cuối khơng? a Thường có b Thường khơng c Không TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University V Điều gây khó khăn cho em học phát âm? a Em khơng có khả phát âm tốt b Hệ thống phát âm khó phức tạp, có q nhiều âm, quy luật khơng giống tiếng Việt: nguyên âm ngắn, nguyên âm dài, nguyên âm đôi, trọng âm, phụ âm đầu, phụ âm cuối…( em gạch chân đặc điểm gây khó khăn ) c Em khơng thích học phát âm d Thời gian học thực hành e Lớp học q rộng, khơng có đủ phương tiện để học, khơng nghe giáo viên phát âm… f Khó khăn riêng em? Một tuần em học phát âm thời gian? a Dưới 20 phút b Từ 20 phút đến 45 phút c Nhiều 45 phút d Khơng có thời gian riêng dành cho học phát âm 10 Em có nguyện vọng học phát âm? (Em chọn nhiều đáp án) a Học thường xuyên tất tiết học tiếng Anh b Kết hợp nhiều kỹ năng, hoạt động cho phong phú d Có phần riêng dành riêng cho học phát âm e Tăng cường vai trò giáo viên f Sử dụng tài liệu học hấp dẫn g Tiến hành phương pháp đánh giá, kiểm tra chất lượng học phát âm TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University VI Appendix CLASSROOM OBSERVATION SHEET Name of observer: NGO THI THANH Date and time of observation: … May, 2011 Grade level: 11th grade Length of observation: 45 minutes Objective of observation: to find out materials, students’ activities/errors and teachers’ techniques/activities/feedback in teaching and learning pronunciation Name of lesson: Unit… / (reading, speaking, grammar, listening or language focus)) Method: note-taking Warm-up yes no Developing yes no Closing yes no Materials for pronunciation Students’ activities Students’ errors in pronunciation Teachers’ techniques Teachers’ feedback TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University VII Appendix INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND TRANSRIPTION Interview questions: 1) Sau nghiên cứu câu hỏi điều tra quan sát lớp học, thấy tình hình học phát âm, đặc biệt nhận thức việc dạy học phát âm âm cuối gặp nhiều khó khăn Các bạn nghĩ điều này? 2) Vậy nguyên nhân thực trạng gì? 3) Các bạn thường làm để phần khắc phục khó khăn cải thiện hiệu học tập? Interview transcription Interviewer (I): Sau nghiên cứu câu hỏi điều tra quan sát lớp học, tơi thấy tình hình học phát âm, đặc biệt nhận thức việc dạy học phát âm âm cuối Ban ta cịn gặp nhiều khó khăn Các bạn nghĩ điều này? Teacher (T1): Đúng vậy, tình hình học phát âm trường ta không khả quan cho (T2): (T3): Tất nhiên rồi, em phát âm không chuẩn, mắc nhiều lỗi Học sinh thường không phân biệt nguyên âm dài nguyên âm ngắn (T4): Lỗi nhẹ nhàng, học sinh tơi khơng ý tới việc nhấn trọng âm hay thay đổi ngữ điệu câu (T5): Đúng thế, đặc biệt em cịn khơng đọc phụ âm cuối, có em ý đến phát âm chưa (I): Vậy nguyên nhân thực trạng gì? (T1): Có vơ vàn ngun nhân, chủ yếu em có thời gian để học luyện tập TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University VIII (T2): Bên cạnh chất học phát âm khó, em chịu ảnh hưởng tiếng Việt tiếng mẹ đẻ, điều làm cho nhiều em học sinh nản chí giáo viên muốn bỏ qua việc dậy ngữ âm (I): Vậy bạn thường làm để phần khắc phục khó khăn trên? (T1): Thường ngữ âm học phần Language Focus vòng đến 10 phút Học sinh thực hành qua hai tập nhỏ dạng nghe nhắc lại (I): Vậy khác sao? (T2): Trong tiết học reading, writing, listening, việc học phát âm không đề cập đến, học sinh phát âm sai từ tơi sửa lại cho em cách đọc mẫu từ cho em nhắc lại (T3) Tôi thường thông qua việc dạy từ để hướng dẫn em phát âm, nghe nhắc lại theo giáo viên (I): Những cách có thu hiệu khơng? (T1): Có chứ, làm em phát âm từ chuẩn mà khơng tốn nhiều thời gian Hơn không cần phải quan tâm đến quy tắc phức tạp (T4): Nhưng điều u cầu giáo viên phải phát âm chuẩn làm mẫu cho em được, nhiều giáo viên phát âm khơng chuẩn bị ảnh hưởng từ tiếng mẹ đẻ (I): Đúng vậy, học sinh nhớ từ, cụm từ học lớp, trường hợp học sinh gặp từ mà không hỏi giáo viên làm nào? (T5): đọc Ở lớp tơi, vào đầu khóa học tơi thường cho em quy tắc, cách số phiên âm bản, thế, em sử dụng từ điển để tra cách phát âm (T4): Đúng vậy, cách giúp em đọc chuẩn xác đáng tin cậy, đặc biệt em có từ điển điện tử (T1): Tuy nhiên cách gặp khó khăn để đọc phiên âm tiếng Anh vấn đề, học sinh người dân tộc thiểu số đặc biệt khó khăn, từ điển nhỏ thơng thường em cịn khơng mua kể chi đến thứ khác TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).An.investigation.into.the.problems.faced.by.the.teachers.and.students.in.teaching.and.learning.English.pronunciation.at.a.High.school.for.ethnic.minorities.in.Vietnam.Forestry.University