(LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ) A study on grammatical metaphor in English business letters M A Thesis Linguistics 60 22 15

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ LỆ HUYỀN A STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH BUSINESS LETTERS (Nghiên cứu ẩn dụ ngữ pháp thư thương mại tiếng Anh) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ LỆ HUYỀN A STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH BUSINESS LETTERS (Nghiên cứu ẩn dụ ngữ pháp thư thương mại tiếng Anh) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.22.15 Supervisor: Dr NGUYỄN HUY KỶ Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP …………………………………………………………….i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………………………ii ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………… iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………… iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ……………………………………………………………… vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES PART A: INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………… 1 Rationale …………………………………………………………………… Objectives of the study ……………………………………………………… Scope of the study …………………………………………………………….3 Methods of the study ………………………………………………………….3 Design of the study ……………………………………………………………3 PART B: DEVELOPMENT ………………………………………………… CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: OVERVIEW ON SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR ………………5 1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………….5 1.2 Language and context ………………………………………………………5 1.3 Metafunctions ……………………………………………………………….7 1.4 Summary ………………………………………………………………… 10 CHAPTER 2: THE NOTION OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR …… 11 2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 11 2.2 Definitions of Metaphor ………………………………………………… 11 2.3 Grammatical metaphor …………………………………………………….12 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v 2.4 Grammatical metaphor vs Lexical Metaphor ……………………………13 2.5 Classification of Grammatical Metaphor …………………………………15 2.5.1 Ideational Metaphor ………………………………………………… 15 2.5.2 Interpersonal Metaphor ……………………………………………… 18 2.5.2.1 Modality metaphors …………………………………………….18 2.5.2.2 Mood metaphors ……………………………………………… 18 2.6 Summary ………………………………………………………………… 19 CHAPTER 3: GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH BUSINESS LETTERS …………………………………………………….21 3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………… 21 3.2 Definition of Business Letters …………………………………………… 22 3.3 Classification of Business Letters …………………………………………22 3.4 Characteristics of Business Letters ……………………………………… 23 3.4 Characteristics of Business Letters in general ………………… 23 3.4.2 Characteristics of business letters in terms of field, tenor and mode 24 3.5 The use of Grammatical Metaphor in Business Letters ………………… 26 3.5.1 Data analysis framework ………………………………………… …26 3.5.2 Results ……………………………………………………………… 33 3.5.2.1 Frequency of use of grammatical metaphor …………………….33 3.5.2.2 Types of Grammatical metaphor used ………………………….33 3.5.3 Discussion ……………………………………………………… 35 Summary ………………………………………………………………….36 PART C: CONCLUSION …………………………………………37 Recapitulation ……………………………………………………………….37 Implications …………………………………………………………………38 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 vi Limitations of the study …………………………………………………… 38 Suggestions for further studies ………………………………………………39 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………… 40 APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………… I APPENDIX 2………………………………………………………………………… X TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SFG: Systemic Functional Grammar GM: Grammatical Metaphor ESP: English for Specific Purposes LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: Genre, register and language ………………………………………………………7 Figure 2: Metafunctional Layering ……………………………………………………………8 Figure 3: Independence of metafunctions …………………………………………………… Figure 4: Mapping of components ……………………………………………………………12 Figure 5: Two perspectives on metaphor …………………………………………………… 13 Figure 6: Two perspectives on metaphorical variation ……………………………………….15 Figure 7: Direction of metaphorization……………………………………………………… 30 Table 1: Types of grammatical metaphor…………………………………………………… 29 Table 2: Frequency of use of grammatical metaphor in business letters …………… .33 Table 3: Types of grammatical metaphor used in the corpus ……………………………… 35 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale Metaphor, based on the association of similarity, is one of the two basic types of semantic transference (metaphor and metonymy) that have been an interest for a great number of linguistic researchers According to Galperin (1981), the term “metaphor” can be understood as the transference of some quality from one subject to another Halliday gives a more detailed notion, metaphor is a verbal transference; a variation in the expression of meanings which involves a non-literal use of a word In particular, metaphor is an irregularity of content that consists on the use of a word in a sense different from its proper one and related to it in terms of similarity Let‟s see examples (1) and (2) (1) The sky is crying (2) The old professor emeritus is a rock that is becoming brittle with age Following the previous definitions, (1) includes an example of metaphor, i.e “crying” This word is used for something resembling that which it usually refers to, that is, it is used to refer to the weather state of being raining although it usually refers to the physical and emotional state of being crying Example (2) includes a metaphor, too In this case, the word “rock” is used in an improper sense, it refers to beings having the quality of being hard and the reason for this transference is the resemblance between the literal and metaphorical references of this term, that is, the resemblance between rocks and hard persons Metaphor is a very important feature in human language and is always a subject of central interest in the study of stylistics But traditional linguistics has long focused only on lexical metaphor whereas systemic functional linguistics has paid much attention on grammatical metaphor, a term derived from the notion that "the form of the grammar relates naturally to the meanings that are being encoded" (Halliday 1994: xvii) To be a teacher of ESP of business field, I have found that grammatical metaphor seems to be a strange notion to our students so I would like to make an investigation into grammatical metaphor in business letters with the hope of bringing this knowledge into my teaching work TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XI Mabel O'Brien suggested that I contact you about my interest in personnel management 2i 13 2i She said you are one of the best people to talk to in regard to careers in personnel 10 I am leaving the U.S Army after seven years of experience in personnel administration 13 2i Because of my positive Army experience, I would like to continue working in a large 6iii organization However, before I venture further into the civilian job market, I would like 12 13 to benefit from the experience and knowledge of other professionals in the field who 2i might advise me on opportunities for someone with my qualifications 2i Perhaps we could meet briefly sometime during the next two weeks to discuss my career 13 plans I have several questions which I believe you could help clarify I will call your 2i office on Tuesday, April 22, to schedule a meeting time 5i I look forward to discussing my plans with you 12 2i Sincerely yours, Kristine Smith Letter for goods on approval January 21, 2005 Mr Bonden Industrial House 34-41 Craig Road Bolton BL 48TF Dear Mr Bonden, Thank you for your last delivery You will be pleased to hear that the dressing tables are 2i 5i selling well A number of my customers have been asking about your bookcase and coffee table 6iii 13 assembly kits which are listed in your Summer Catalogue under KT 31, and we would 2i 13 like to test the demand for them Would it be possible for me to have, half a dozen units 2i of each kit, on approval, before placing a firm order? 2i 6i 2i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XII I have enclosed an order, No B1463, in anticipation of you agreeing, and there is no 2i 2i particular hurry for the units, you could send them along with your next delivery 2i 2i Yours sincerely, R Hughes Enclosed: order No B1463 Letter of claim August 17, 2001 Richard Brown, President Document Makers Salem, MA 34588 Dear Mr Brown, As someone who has worked with your company for over years, we were very disappointed to see the documents you produced for our latest Drivers Co publicity campaign 13 13 As our written agreement stipulated, we expected full color leaflets with fancy explanatory 5i 2i 13 5i texts, but instead, we found that black and white photos had been included in the prepared 5i leaflets I think you will agree that a communication problem exists 2i 13 13 We would like you to send out a photographer to provide us with the promised color 5i 13 coverage, or provide us with a refund 2i Yours truly, Thomas R Smith, Director Letter of inquiry July 2, 2008 Mr Rodrigo Rivera Personnel Director Technote Corporation 3152 Bridge Avenue Boston, MA 02154 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XIII Dear Mr Rivera, May I ask a favor of you? Randy del Rosario, a representative of the Leverage Company, 13 recently told me of your success in managing Technote’s training program for the hardcore 13 5i unemployed Our firm is presently planning such a program, and we would appreciate information about the mind-set section of your program 2i 13 We expect to begin our training sessions on approximately August I believe we are 5i prepared for the remedial-education and job-skills portion of the program, but we need 2i 13 13 help with mind-set section Specifically, we would appreciate knowing who you employed 13 to teach that section, the major emphasis in the section, and the length of the section in 2i 13 relation to the entire programs 2i 10 I congratulate you on your success in managing Technote’s program, and I believe your 13 ideas would help us solve this long-neglected problem, also I look forward to hearing 5i 12 from you Very truly yours, Francisco Fortaleza Managing Director Letter of order placing June 12, 2007 Mr Randall McNeill Satex S P.A Via di Pietra Papa 00146 Roma Italy Dear Mr McNeill, Please find enclosed our order, No DR4316, for men’s and boys’ sweaters in assorted 2i 13 13 sizes, colors, and designs 2i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XIV We have decided to accept the 15% trade discount you offered and terms of payment viz, 13 13 2i documents against payment, but we would like these terms reviewed in the near future 2i Would you please send the shipping documents and your sight draft to Northminster bank 2i 13 (City Branch), Deal Street, Birmingham B3 1SQ If you not have any of the listed items in stock, please not send substitutes in their place 5i 2i We would appreciate delivery within the next six weeks, and look forward to your 2i 12 acknowledgement 2i Yours sincerely, Lionel Crane Chief Buyer Letter of complaint August 15, 2007 Vincent Carvillo HSBR Towers, Suite A-1520 18 Canada Square London E14 5HQ Dear Mr Carvillo, Our order No 14478 I am writing to you to complain about the shipment of sweaters we received yesterday against the above order 2i 13 2i The boxes in which the sweaters were packed were damaged, and looked as if they had been broken open in transit From your invoice No 18871 we estimate that thirty garments have been stolen to the value of $150.00 And because of the rummaging in the boxes, 13 2i quite a few other garments were crushed or stained and cannot be sold as new articles in our shops As the sale was on c.i.f basis and the forwarding company, your agents, we suggest you 13 2i 5i contact them with regard to compensation 10 2i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XV You will find a list of damaged and missing articles attached, and the consignment will be 5i 5i 2i put to one side until we receive your instructions 2i Your sincerely, R.Cliff Chief Buyer Business Thank You Letter Date: 30 September, 2000 Mr Alphonse Green President and CEO Dynamics InfoTech Co 1421 Great Bridge Towers New York City, NY 52141 Dear Mr Alphonse: As manager of the Corporate Social Service Committee of New York, I am thankful to you 13 5i and your organization for the valuable support of $100000 in the fund-raising program We 2i 13 5i are happy to see your interest in helping the poor and homeless people in the City 2i As we have discussed the program plan and proper use of fund during the campaign, we 13 2i 6i 2i 13 are successfully approaching the $2 million Your valuable contribution will help us serve 2i the noble task of helping people get their homes and foods Dynamics InfoTech Co is an influential leader in for last two years in this campaign We couldn't have reached to this remarkable success point without the great support from you 13 2i and your company You voluntarily has helped and supported us both financially and morally Your manager Mr Kevin participated in all the events enthusiastically and was exceptionally inspiring to others Please convey him our sincere thanks for all 12 6i 2i I am proud of all the companies who support for this noble purpose We will arrange one special meeting for all managers of the companies that are participating in fund-raising 2i 13 5i program Your continuous support will inspire other organizations and companies to the same 6i 2i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XVI I look forward to meet you to provide additional information about the program 12 Sincerely yours, Mr Jason Martin Manager Letter of cancellation April 25, 2008 Andrew Thomas 2211 11th Ave E, North St Paul, MN, United States (651) 770-5570 Dear Mr Thomas: On a very sad note, I need to cancel my reservation for the three day package starting 27 2i 6iii 2i April 2008 I am busy with my office project and would not be able to go for a holiday 13 The clients want the project to be completed early and therefore the entire schedule has collapsed The work related pressure has made me postpone my vacation plans I have put 2i 13 2i them on hold for some time I regret the cancellation as I needed a break from the stressful professional life I hope you 2i can refund the advances paid to you I apologize for the trouble I will get back to you once I have leisure time I ‘m very much interested in your holiday package and will avail it 13 13 2i once, I'm free from my busy work schedule 13 Thanks for your services and co-operation I will give you a call to confirm my 2i 2i 2i reservations when I will be free from my official duties in a fortnight 2i Yours sincerely Brian Holding 10 Letter of acknowledgement Date: May 15, 2008 Betty Adams Human Resource Manager TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 XVII ABC Publication House 3333 Linwood Road, Dallas, TX, United States (214) 358-8800 Dear Ms Adams: I'm writing this to acknowledge that I have received your invitation I received your 2i invitation letter yesterday Thanks a lot for inviting me for your charity show on the May 2i 13 2i 13 2i 22, 2008 I will be confirming my attendance by next Monday If you require any help, 2i 2i then just let me know, my team and I will be there to support your organization Your organization does a great job of charity As part of Corporate Social Responsibility, 13 you are taking magnificent efforts to reach the poor and underprivileged people of the 5i 13 society Last year, you had worked for the HIV affected children in Africa This year the 5i funds that you collect will help women suffering from breast cancer in Asian Countries 13 That’s a great cause and you have taken it up 2i I had attended the event last year and I had tremendously enjoyed the evening The event was followed by dinner which was sumptuous The event also helps me to interact with people from different walks of life The experience sharing, discussion, point of views on 2i 13 2i 2i 13 various topics is a learning experience I am eager to listen to the keynote address by Dr 5i 13 John Baker, a great social activist who has done a lot for the upliftment of the society He 2i 13 is a perfect example of how one can improve and change lives of underprivileged children 13 5i through education 2i I look forward to meet you in the evening I will make it a point to attend this year's gala 12 13 event, so that I can be of some help to the society My secretary will get back to you with 2i my confirmation as I have mentioned above 2i Yours truly, Jason Hall TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15 (LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15(LUAN.VAN.THAC.SI).A.study.on.grammatical.metaphor.in.English.business.letters.M.A.Thesis.Linguistics.60.22.15