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iii ABSTRACT This minor thesis was carried out with an attempt to improve the teaching and learning of writing skill of the teachers and the 12th form students at Thanh Ha High School, Hai Duong province The purposes of the thesis were to investigate the types of errors that 12th form students at Thanh Ha High School often make in learning English, possible causes of common English written errors made by 12th form students and to offer some possible solutions to overcome these common English written errors The subjects involved in the study were 130 students' actual writings in class and teachers who are currently teaching and have taught writing skill before Teachers were invited to answer the survey questionnaire and to participate in the interview The study reveals that in lexical and grammatical errors, students often commit errors in spelling, noun number, word choice/ wrong word, wrong conjunction/ connective, article and verb form mistakes The common causes for these kinds of errors are mainly their carelessness, mother tongue interference, incomplete application of rules, overgeneralization and ignorance of rule restrictions The study suggests that teacher should use some techniques in pre-writing stage and post- writing stage to reduce and prevent students' written common errors In prewriting stage, teacher can elicit students' vocabulary and structures, give students samples of the topic which students are required to write, and sometimes teach them grammar rules In post-writing stage, teachers can ask student to correct themselves, then correct in pairs and finally teachers give corrective feedback TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENT Pages Declaration i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of content iv Abbreviations vi Lists of tables vii Part A: Introduction 1 Background to the study Aims of the study Research questions Methods of the study Scope of the study Organization of the thesis Part B: Development Chapter I: Literature review 1.1 Overview of writing 1.1.1 Definition of writing 1.1.2 Roles of writing 1.2 Overview of errors 1.2.1 Error versus mistake 1.2.2 Errors in language learning process 1.2.2.1 First language and second language errors 1.2.2.2 Receptive errors and expressive errors 1.3 Causes of errors in foreign language learning 1.3.1 Mother tongue interference 1.3.2 Overgeneralization 11 1.3.3 Ignorance of rule restriction 12 1.3.4 Incomplete application of rules 12 1.3.5 Carelessness 13 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v 1.4 Review of previous studies 13 Chapter II: The study 15 2.1 The setting of the study 15 2.1.1 Teachers 15 2.1.2 Students 15 2.1.3 Facilities 15 2.2 "Tiếng Anh 12" textbook 15 2.2.1 An overview of textbook 12 15 2.2.2 Writing lessons 16 2.3 The study 2.3.1 Method 17 17 2.3.1.1 Participants 17 2.3.1.2 Data collection instruments 17 2.3.1.3 Data collection procedure 18 2.3.2 Data analysis and discussion 19 2.3.2.1 Research question 19 2.3.2.2 Research question 26 2.3.2.3 Research question 30 2.4 Findings and possible solutions 32 2.4.1 Findings 32 2.4.2 Possible solutions 33 2.4.2.1 Techniques in pre-writing stage 33 2.4.2.1 Techniques in post-writing stage 36 Part C: Conclusion 39 Summary of the study 39 Limitations 39 Possible solutions 40 References 41 Appendices I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com vi ABBREVIATIONS CLT: Communicative Language Teaching L1: first language L2: second language FL: foreign language FLL: foreign language learning TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices vii LISTS OF TABLES Table 1: Errors of lexical and grammatical items of 12th form students at Thanh Ha High School synthesized from teachers' questionnaire Table 2: Written error of 12th form students at Thanh Ha High School as synthesized from document analysis Table 3: Components of grammatical errors Table 4: Typical examples of common grammar errors Table 5: Typical examples of lexical errors Table 6: Teachers' rating the significance of causes to students' common written errors Table 7: The popularity of each kind of causes to students' common written errors Table Teachers' recommendations to reduce and prevent students' common written errors TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices PART A: INTRODUCTION Background to the study English has become one of the most popular languages in the world As an effective means of international communication, it is used as the official language in many fields of life such as economics, politics, science, technology, sports and many others Therefore, there is a great demand for teaching and learning English throughout the world There are more and more people who learn English and consider it an inevitable factor in their work and life In Vietnam, English has been brought into the school curriculum as a compulsory subject, and the teaching and learning of the international language has been recently paid great attention to When teaching English, the teacher teaches his learners not only the English language but also its usage It means that his aim is to train learners with a good control of English skills and to teach them to put the language into use in real communicative situations: either writing or speaking This learners' competence is assessed in terms of how comprehensibly and accurately a message is conveyed If a message is unsuccessfully conveyed, the teacher will consider the reason why it is so, and the answer often is the means that causes it What lessens the effectiveness may be that there are something wrong with the meanings of the sentences i.e what is usually called 'error' in foreign language learning In effect, learners often make mistakes when they produce English When teachers find the learners' errors, they often give feedback by correcting or just pointing them However, this is sometimes not effective because learners still make the same errors the next time Like many teachers and researchers, Vietnamese teachers have been always seeking for new and effective methods and techniques to improve their teaching with the hope of predicting and preventing errors before they appear Nevertheless, they pay much more concern to why Vietnamese learners commit errors and how to prevent or reduce these errors, not students at high schools Therefore, the situation encouraged the author to the research on "Possible causes of common English written errors made by 12th- form students at Thanh Ha High School, Hai Duong and some possible solutions" This study will be really useful for both teachers and students in teaching and learning writing skill Aims of the study The researcher defines the major objectives of the study as: TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices to investigate the types of written errors that 12th-form students at Thanh Ha High School often make in learning English to investigate possible causes of common English written errors made by 12th- form students to offer some possible solutions to overcome these common English written errors This study is carried out with the hope that teachers can improve their writing teaching methods and students can define their common errors and adjust their way of learning this skill to obtain better results Research questions In order to achieve the above aims, three research questions are raised: 3.1 What are the types of written errors that 12th- form students make in writing skills? 3.2 What are the major causes of these errors? 3.3 What recommendations should be given to reduce and prevent these errors? Methods of the study With the aim of finding out the causes of common written errors made by 12thform students at Thanh Ha High School, Hai Duong, this study adopts quantitative and qualitative methods To identify the problems, the study has been carried out with the data collected from different instruments: - Consulting related materials: For the sake of getting knowledge and useful ideas, I read many books and other materials in addition to earlier researchers about errors and causes of common English written errors - Delivering survey questionnaire: To fulfill this thesis, one survey questionnaire for teachers was carried out to find out the teachers' attitudes toward causes of common English written errors and some possible solutions - Interviewing teachers who have been teaching writing to 12th form students to investigate what and how they to prevent and reduce students' common written errors - Using students' actual writings as a technique of eliciting data for the analysis and statistical counting as measurement of results TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices 42 13 Norrish, J Language Learners and Their Errors Mc Milan Publisher Ltd 1983 14 Nunan, D (1991), Language Teaching Methodology, Prentice Hall International Ltd, Great Britain 15 Raimes, A (1983), Techniques in Teaching Writing, OUP 16 Richards, J.C.& Sampson, G.P The study of learner English' Error Analysis: Perspectives on Second language Acquisition Longman, 1974 17 Richards, J.C 'A non-contrastive approach to error analysis' English Language Teaching Vol.25 No.3 OUP.1971 18 Richards, J.C.; Platt, J and Platt, H Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics Longman Group UK Limited 1992 19 Rivers, W M (1981), Teaching Foreign Language Skills (2nd ed.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 20 Tribble, C (1996), Writing, Oxford University Press, Oxford 21 White, R.V (1981), Approaches to Writing Guidelines for Writing Activities, A Magazine for Language Teachers, RELC Tiếng Việt Trang, Nguyen Bao (2008), Luyện kĩ viết Tiếng Anh trung học phổ thông, Nhà xuất Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội Ái Thanh, Trần Thị (2009), Những viết mẫu Tiếng Anh Trung Học Phổ Thông, Nhà xuất Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices I APPENDICES Appendix SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS This questionnaire is designed for my research into "Possible causes of common English written errors made by 12th- form students at Thanh Ha High School, Hai Duong and some possible solutions" Your assistance in completing the survey is appreciated All the information provided by you is solely for the study purpose, and you can be confident that you will not be identified in any discussion of data Thank you in advance for your cooperation! Instructions: The questionnaire has two parts, please put a tick () in the appropriate box or give short answers in the space provided I Your personal information Your gender: Male Female Your age: ………… How long have you been teaching English?: ……………… year(s) How long have you been teaching writing skills in English? : year(s) II Your opinions How often your students make written errors on the following items? (Write one number in the 1-5 continuum in the row provided.) Frequency Never Sometimes Items of errors Lexical Incorrect spelling items Word choice/ Often Usually Always Wrong word Grammatical items Preposition Article mistakes Noun number Wrong conjunction/ connective Wrong verb tense TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices II Subject-verb agreement Verb form In your opinion, what are the major causes to students' written errors? (Please rate them from (most significant) to (least significant) in correspondence with these five choices.) A Mother tongue interference: Students carry the characteristics of their first language into the target language B Overgeneralization: Students use the available strategies to apply in new situation C Ignorance of rule restriction: Students apply rules to irrelevant context D Incomplete application of rules: Although students have been taught that language rules many times, they fail to apply them E Carelessness Your rating: What have you done to reduce and prevent these errors? (Please put a tick () at your answers You can tick more than one.) Teaching grammar rules Giving corrective feedback Asking students to have peer-correction Eliciting students' vocabulary and structures before writing Giving samples Asking students to collect the samples Using warm-up activities (games, quizzes, etc) Others Thank you very much! TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices III Appendix ENGLISH 12- UNIT 9: WRITING THE SAHARA DESERT Study the information in the table below and write a composition about the Sahara Desert General information Location - largest desert in the world - in northern Africa - extends from the Atlantic Ocean eastward past the Red Sea to Iraq - lies largely in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger and Sudan Area - total area: more than 9,065,000 sq km - 1,610 km wide and about 5,150 km long from east to west Natural - arid land, dry climate (moisture is almost totally absent), very hot in features summer and very cold in winter - few oases exist - sandy land and large dunes of sand - tableland with a average elevation from 400 to 500m Trees animals and - few forms of animal and vegetable life - main trees: cactus, the date palm, and a form of acacia - main animals: gazelle, antelope, fox, jackal, camel TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices IV Appendix ENGLISH 12- UNIT 10: WRITING Task 1: Work in pairs Suggest possible measures that should be taken to solve the following problems People not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals Projects to save endangered animals not have sufficient funds The habitats for endangered animals are being seriously damaged and polluted People who live in or near endangered animals' habitats have poor living conditions and rely mostly on wildlife products for their livelihood Some countries not have laws to protect endangered animals People keep buying fashionable wildlife products There are not enough wildlife habitat reserves Example: People not know much about the need to protect rare and endangered animals We should organize different activities to raise people's awareness of the need to protect these animals Task 2: Write a paragraph about measures for protecting endangered animals using the ideas discussed in Task Begin your paragraph with: " There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals." TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices V Appendix ENGLISH 12- UNIT 16: WRITING Task 1: Complete the letter of recommendation with the missing sentences in the box I'm sure you will have a wonderful time here in Ha Long Bay I would like to recommend a well-known places in Vietnam to you The beach is an ideal place fro swimmers People here are very friendly and hospitable It is about 170 km from Hanoi 17th May 2005 Dear Linda, I'm pleased to hear that finally you have decided to spend your summer vacation in Southeast Asia (1) It is Ha Long Bay Ha Long Bay is in the north of Vietnam (2) It has attracted thousands of tourists from all over the world It has many big and small islets and mountains with spectacular caves and grottoes The weather and the sea are very beautiful (3) There are a lot of hotels and restaurants near the beach, which serve excellent seafood There is a famous entertainment centre there- Tuan Chau Island (4) They can speak English and they are helpful too I think you should come and see it (5) I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon Yours sincerely, Thu Ha Task 2: David, your pen pal, is going o spend his summer vacation in one of the ASIAN countries You want him to visit Vietnam Write a letter to him recommending a significant place you are familiar with Use the outline below: Outline Date Salutation Body - location TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices VI - natural features - entertainment - places to visit - food - people - Closing Signature TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices (LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices(LUAN.van.THAC.si).socio.political.editorials.in.english.and.vietnamese.argumentative.patterns.and.linguistics.devices
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