(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) using associative group analysis to investigate underlying cultural assumptions of american and vietnamese

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - PHẠM NGỌC LIÊN USING ASSOCIATIVE GROUP ANALYSIS TO INVESTIGATE UNDERLYING CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS OF AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE (SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH LIÊN TƯỞNG THEO NHĨM NHẰM NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC GIẢ ĐỊNH VĂN HÓA ẨN CỦA NGƯỜI MỸ VÀ NGƯỜI VIỆT) MA MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 HANOI – 2017 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - PHẠM NGỌC LIÊN USING ASSOCIATIVE GROUP ANALYSIS TO INVESTIGATE UNDERLYING CULTURAL ASSUMPTIONS OF AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE (SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH LIÊN TƯỞNG THEO NHĨM NHẰM NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC GIẢ ĐỊNH VĂN HÓA ẨN CỦA NGƯỜI MỸ VÀ NGƯỜI VIỆT) MA MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Hoàng Thị Hạnh, PhD HANOI – 2017 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT I hereby certify my authority of the Study Project Report submitted entitled “Using Associative Group Analysis to Investigate Underlying Cultural Assumptions” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Hanoi 2017 Phạm Ngọc Liên i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Best of thanks to all those who helped along the way ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese ABSTRACT This paper investigates the influences of intercultural exposure on schema, or more specifically, underlying cultural assumption shifting by applying Associative Group Analysis on three groups of Americans, Vietnamese students in a group called Hanoikids in Hanoi with frequent international exposure and Vietnamese students in Lao Cai province with little to none exposure The results show that although there are a few similarities between Hanoikids and the other groups, those are not systematic and/or can be explained by factors other than cultural identity It suggests that people from the same culture or country might have distinctive schema on even everyday concepts Thus, assumptions about a person based on where he/she comes from might prove to be misjudgments To avoid that, it is advisable that we also pay attention to the aspect of individuality on top of cultural identity in intercultural situations iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES TABLES Table 1.1: Numbers of words and total weighted scores of the three groups for each theme word 41 FIGURES SEMANTOGRAPHS Figure 1.1: Semantograph for the theme “Graduation” 15 Figure 2.1: Semantograph for the theme “A Good Job” 19 Figure 3.1: Semantograph for the theme “Ambition” 22 Figure 4.1: Semantograph for the theme “Moving out” 25 Figure 5.1: Semantograph for the theme “Parents” 29 Figure 6.1: Semantograph for the theme “Happiness” 31 Figure 7.1: Semantograph for the theme “Freedom” 34 Figure 8.1: Semantograph for the theme “LGBT” 36 Figure 9.1: Semantograph for the theme “Travel Around the World” 39 WORD CLOUDS Word cloud 1.1 & 1.2: Word clouds for the theme “Graduation” from Hanoikids and American respondents 16 Word cloud 2.1 & 2.2: Word clouds for the theme “A Good Job” from Hanoikids and American respondents 20 Word cloud 3.1 & 3.2: Word clouds for the theme “Ambition” from Hanoikids and American respondents 23 Word cloud 4.1 & 4.2: Word clouds for the theme “Moving out” from Hanoikids and American respondents 27 Word cloud 5.1 & 5.2: Word clouds for the theme “Parents” from Hanoikids and American respondents 30 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese Word cloud 6.1 & 6.2: Word clouds for the theme “Happiness” from Hanoikids and American respondents 32 Word cloud 7.1 & 7.2: Word clouds for the theme “Freedom” from Hanoikids and American respondents 35 Word cloud 8.1 & 8.2: Word clouds for the theme “LGBT” from Hanoikids and American respondents 37 Word cloud 9.1 & 9.2: Word clouds for the theme “Travel Around the World” from Hanoikids and American respondents 40 v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese Intercultural exposure is also one of the mentioned factors Its degree of impact might be said to not be linear to its frequency: the Hanoikids group, who enjoys a significantly greater degree of intercultural exposure than its Vietnamese counterpart, does not demonstrate any clear inclination to resemble the Vietnamese group’s priority in terms of associations, nor does it to the foreign group of Americans One might argue that Hanoikids could have been exposed to other cultures which affect their responses as well, and that would explain the deviation from both remaining groups – however, if that is the case, then it proves even more that intercultural exposure’s impact is volatile and unpredictable, rather than definite, as even with relatively equal degree of exposure, any two persons could hardly experience the same intercultural situations, leading to possibly erratically different results To conclude, to judge a person based on his or her nationality or culture could possibly bring great misconceptions, since cultures as we define belong to groups, and each person can belong to various groups and develop his or her own unique set of personal values which are not quite encapsulated in any single culture In other words, one of the key characteristics of culture should be individuality 4.2 Implications Culture plays an important part in our time of globalization While it cannot be denied that cultural assumptions might work to some degree, such assumptions might as well prove to be incorrect in specific contexts, as they not apply to every individual from that culture They should only serve as a source of reference rather than confirmed truths 4.3 Limitations There are several limitations to the study due to the researcher’s limited resources First, as has been stated in the methodology section, the different methods of data collection (online surveys and printed forms) as well as the different languages used 47 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese in the questionnaires (English and Vietnamese) could affect the results Ryan (2010) points out that a word or phrase in a language might not be entirely translatable to other languages due to the possibility of it carrying unique nuance In addition, the Hanoikids group has to answer the survey in English, which is not their native language – this might lead to misunderstandings and limitations in vocabulary choices English is also not the native language of the researcher, thus, occasional misinterpretations are unavoidable Another notable point is that the implication that associations represent underlying cultural schemata could prove to be faulty under certain circumstances As the meaning of a word can vary in different contexts, a respondent, at the point of writing the responses, could possibly be under the influence of a specific event that temporarily changes the way his or her normally would picture the given concept (Bovasso et al., 1993) This and the phenomenon of polysemy would also lead to questionable validity of the categorizing of words, especially in case of ambiguous denotations 4.4 Suggestions for further studies As the research is only limited to two small groups of Vietnamese and one groups of the U.S residents, further researches may investigate more groups and diversify their background and level of intercultural exposure for a more conclusive results The number of theme words may also be increased to emphasize the distinctive trends of associations, and thus, underlying cultural assumption traits of each group It is also advisable that further researches should include specific contexts and theme for the whole study, i.e., the theme words should belong to a certain theme and the participants should also possess a degree of understandings about the theme This would allow the researchers to make sense of the responses and categorize them with higher accuracy 48 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese 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(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese 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Cultural schema theory In W B Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp 401-418) Thousand Oaks, C.A.: Sage Publications, Inc Ryan, S B (2006) Using associative group analysis methodology to explore unrecognized cultural background knowledge in cross-cultural communication research Yamagata University Annual Research Report, 3, 59-110 50 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese Ryan, S B (2010) Bring cultural background knowledge to the surface to better understand cross-cultural conflict in specific contexts Intercultural Communication Studies XIX, 1, 214-235 Sinicrope, C., Norris, J., & Watanabe, Y (2012) Understanding and assessing intercultural competence: A summary of theory, research, and practice Szalay, L B., & Deese, J (1978) Subjective meaning and culture: An assessment through word associations Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum 51 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese APPENDICES Appendix English Survey Form Is English your first language? Yes/No Nationality: Age: Gender: Male/Female/Other: Have you ever had any international experiences? (International experiences/situations count as any kind of interaction you exchange with a person from another culture/country (exchanging conversations, working, befriending etc.) Yes/No If the answer to the above question is yes, please estimate the frequency of which you get exposed to international situations (as defined above) in the last five years, or as of recently Only one or twice in total About once or twice in a year About once or twice a quarter About once or twice a month More often than all options above Other: Please list out the first words (about THREE - FIVE single words) you think of when you hear/read each of the word below Please not change your answers once they have been typed out A sample answer: [given word] Animal cat, cute, friendly, pet, feed, etc Graduation: A good job: Ambition: I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese Parents: Moving out: Friendly: Happiness: Freedom: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT): Travel around the world: Appendix Vietnamese Survey Form Tiếng Việt có phải ngơn ngữ mẹ đẻ anh/chị khơng? Có/Khơng Nếu câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có, anh chị giao tiếp (nghe - nói) mức tiếng Anh khơng? Có/Khơng Quốc tịch: Thành phố anh/chị sống: Tuổi: Giới tính: Nam/Nữ/Khác: Anh/chị có trải nghiệm liên văn hóa chưa? Trải nghiệm quốc tế/liên văn hóa tính tất hoạt động tương tác với người đến từ quốc gia hay văn hóa khác (nói chuyện, làm việc, kết bạn, vân vân) Có/Chưa Nếu câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có, mức độ thường xun tương tác liên văn hóa mà anh/chị trải nghiệm năm năm nay, thời gian gần đây, bao nhiêu? Tổng cộng - hai lần Một - hai lần năm Một - hai lần quý Một - hai lần tháng II TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese (LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese(LUAN.van.THAC.si).using.associative.group.analysis.to.investigate.underlying.cultural.assumptions.of.american.and.vietnamese