Test and score data

Test and Score Data Summary for ® TOEFL Internet-based and Paper-based Tests JANUARY 2007—DECEMBER 2007 TEST DATA Test and Score Data Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTM This edition of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains data on the performance of examinees who took the TOEFL Internet-based test (TOEFL® iBT) or the TOEFL paper-based test (TOEFL PBT) between January and December 2007 www.ets.org/toefl The TOEFL® Test — Quality Beyond Measure Table of Contents ® History of the TOEFL Program The TOEFL Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) Internet-Based Test Data for 2007 Table Observed Minimum and Maximum Scores Table Percentile Ranks – Total Group Table Percentile Ranks – Graduate-Level Students Table Percentile Ranks – Undergraduate-Level Students Table Percentile Ranks – Other Students Table Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Professional License Table Means and Standard Deviations – Males Table Means and Standard Deviations – Females Table Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Native Language Table 10 Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Geographic Region and Native Country 10 The TOEFL Paper-Based Test (TOEFL PBT) 12 Paper-Based Test Data for 2007 13 Table 11 Observed Minimum and Maximum Scores Table 12 Percentile Ranks – Total Group Table 13 Percentile Ranks – Graduate-Level Students Table 14 Percentile Ranks – Undergraduate-Level Students Table 15 Percentile Ranks – Other Students Table 16 Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Professional License Table 17 Means and Standard Deviations – Males Table 18 Means and Standard Deviations – Females Table 19 Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Native Language Table 20 Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees by Geographic Region and Native Country 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 17 For additional information about the Test of English as a Foreign Language, see the TOEFL Score User Guide, TOEFL iBT at a Glance, and the TOEFL Internet-based Test Score Comparison Tables Order these publications in print form or download them from the TOEFL Quality Resource Center at www.ets.org/toefl/quality Copyright © 2008 by Educational Testing Service All rights reserved ETS, the ETS logos, GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS, TOEFL, the TOEFL logo, LISTENING LEARNING LEADING., and TWE are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States of America and other countries throughout the world TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE and TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH are trademarks of Educational Testing Service COLLEGE BOARD is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board Prometric is a registered trademark of Thomson Learning A single copy of this publication may be downloaded for individual use No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, USA Violators will be prosecuted in accordance with all applicable copyright and trademark laws Permission requests may be made online at www.ets.org or sent to Educational Testing Service, Office of the General Counsel, Attn: Permissions Administrator, Rosedale Road, MS 04C, Princeton, NJ 08541, USA 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 History of the TOEFL® Program The Test of English as a Foreign Language™, better known as TOEFL®, is designed to measure the English proficiency of people whose native language is not English TOEFL scores are accepted by more than 6,000 colleges, universities, and licensing agencies in 110 countries The test is also used by governments, and scholarship and exchange programs worldwide A list of institutions and agencies that accept TOEFL scores is available on the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl The TOEFL Program — A national council on the testing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962; its members were representatives of more than 30 private organizations and government agencies concerned with the English proficiency of nonnative speakers of English who wished to study at colleges and universities in the United States The council supported the development of the TOEFL test for use starting in 1963–64 Financed by grants from the Ford and Danforth Foundations, the TOEFL program was first administered by the Modern Language Association In 1965, the College Board® and Educational Testing Service® (ETS®) assumed joint responsibility for the program Because many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate students, a cooperative arrangement for the operation of the program was entered into by ETS, the College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations® Board in 1973 Under this arrangement, ETS is responsible for administering the TOEFL program with guidance from the TOEFL Board The TOEFL Board is comprised of 15 members Some are affiliated with such institutions and agencies as undergraduate and graduate schools, community colleges, nonprofit educational exchange organizations, and other public and private agencies with an interest in international education Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second language Development of the Test — The test originally contained five sections As a result of extensive research, a threesection test was developed and introduced in 1976 In July 1995, the test item format was modified somewhat within the same three-section structure In recent years, various constituencies called for a new TOEFL test that would (1) be more reflective of communicative competence models; (2) include more constructed-response tasks and direct measures of writing and speaking; (3) include tasks that integrate the language modalities tested; and (4) provide more information than the paperbased TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) about the ability of international students to use English in an academic environment Accordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort under which language testing will evolve in the twenty-first century The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL test (TOEFL CBT) in 1998 was the first incremental step in this broad test-improvement effort The next step was the introduction of an Internetbased version of the TOEFL test (TOEFL iBT) in September 2005 The test was first launched in the United States, and was gradually rolled out worldwide during 2005 and 2006 TOEFL iBT assesses all four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) that are important for effective communication TOEFL iBT emphasizes integrated skills and provides better information to institutions about students’ ability to communicate in an academic setting and their readiness for academic coursework As TOEFL iBT was introduced in an area, TOEFL CBT was discontinued after a period of overlap to ensure a smooth transition to TOEFL iBT The final administration of TOEFL CBT was held in September 2006 TOEFL PBT will continue to be offered on a limited basis to support the TOEFL iBT testing network This version of the TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains information about TOEFL iBT and TOEFL PBT test takers 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 The TOEFL Internet-Based Test (TOEFL iBT) TOEFL iBT was introduced in the United States in September 2005 and was gradually introduced worldwide during 2005 and 2006 TOEFL iBT was developed in response to a request by institutions to provide a test that would measure nonnative speakers’ ability to communicate in English in an academic setting TOEFL iBT: • Measures the ability to communicate by combining all four language skills – Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing • Is 100% academically-focused, measuring the kind of English used in academic settings • Provides fair and objective scoring • Provides valid and reliable information to support score users to make effective decisions Test takers have up to four hours to complete the test, and all four sections are taken on the same day The Reading section measures the ability to understand academic reading material, and the Listening section measures the ability to understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities The Speaking section consists of six tasks that measure the ability to speak English in an academic setting The Writing section consists of two tasks that measure the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university course work Some questions in the Speaking and Writing sections require the test takers to combine, or integrate, information from more than one source For example, test takers are asked to read a passage, listen to a short lecture about a topic, and then speak or write in response These integrated tasks are designed to simulate the academic experience Internet delivery enables ETS to deliver the test at official test centers in more locations There are currently more than 4,000 test centers where the TOEFL iBT test is administered worldwide, and the number continues to grow Speaking and writing tasks are scored by multiple, rigorously trained raters who provide unbiased, objective evaluations of the responses via the Online Scoring Network Test Preparation—Everyone registered to take the TOEFL test receives test preparation materials free of charge Examinees who register to take TOEFL iBT receive a link to a TOEFL iBT Sampler when the registration is complete The Sampler includes questions from all four sections of TOEFL iBT The Reading and Listening sections are interactive and sample responses are provided for the Writing and Speaking questions Several other test preparation products are available for free and for purchase For more information about TOEFL iBT and related products, please visit the TOEFL Web site at www.ets.org/toefl Visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl for the most up-to-date information 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Internet-Based Test Data for 2007 The data presented in the tables below are based on examinees who took the TOEFL iBT between January 2007 and December 2007 Table gives actual ranges of observed scores for the period from January 2007 and December 2007 The percentile ranks for section and total scale scores are shown in Table for the total group In Tables 3–6, examinees have been classified by their reason for taking the test (information supplied by them at the test center) Table Observed Minimum and Maximum TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores Min Section Max Reading 30 Listening 30 Speaking 30 Writing 30 Total 120 Table Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores —Total Group Speaking Writing Total Scale Score Percentile Rank Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Scale Score Percentile Rank 97 86 79 73 68 63 59 55 51 48 45 41 38 36 33 30 28 25 23 20 18 16 14 12 10 98 88 79 72 67 61 56 52 48 44 41 38 34 31 29 26 24 21 19 17 15 13 12 10 99 98 96 93 89 ** 82 73 63 ** 54 44 34 23 ** 14 ** ** 1 98 95 90 84 ** 76 68 ** 58 48 38 ** 31 23 ** 17 11 ** ** 1 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 100 99 95 90 84 78 71 65 58 52 47 41 36 31 27 23 19 16 13 10 1 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 94 81 73 67 61 56 53 48 44 41 38 35 32 29 27 24 22 20 17 15 13 12 10 97 84 74 67 61 55 51 47 42 39 35 32 29 26 24 21 19 17 15 13 12 10 99 98 95 91 86 ** 79 70 60 ** 50 40 30 20 ** 12 ** 1 ** 97 93 87 80 ** 72 63 ** 53 43 33 ** 26 18 ** 13 ** ** 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 100 98 93 86 79 72 66 59 53 47 41 35 30 26 22 18 15 12 1 Mean S.D 19.1 8.7 19.8 8.2 19.2 4.8 20.2 5.4 Mean S.D 78 24 Mean S.D 20.6 8.2 21.0 7.8 19.8 4.7 21.0 5.3 Mean S.D 82 23 **Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing Scale Score Listening 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Scale Score Reading Table Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores —Graduate-Level Students* *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as graduate students **Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Table Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores— Other Students* Speaking Writing Total Scale Score Percentile Rank Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Scale Score Percentile Rank 97 90 84 79 75 71 67 64 60 57 54 51 47 44 41 38 36 33 30 27 24 22 19 16 14 11 98 89 81 74 69 63 59 54 50 47 43 40 36 33 31 28 26 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 99 98 96 92 87 ** 81 72 63 ** 53 45 35 25 ** 16 11 ** 2 ** 1 98 95 91 85 ** 79 71 ** 62 53 43 ** 35 27 ** 21 13 ** ** 1 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 100 99 96 91 86 80 74 68 63 57 52 47 42 37 32 28 24 20 16 13 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 98 89 82 77 72 67 63 59 55 52 49 46 42 40 37 34 32 29 26 24 22 19 17 15 12 10 98 89 80 73 67 62 57 53 49 45 42 39 35 33 31 28 26 24 22 19 18 16 14 12 10 100 99 97 94 91 ** 84 75 66 ** 56 47 37 28 ** 19 14 11 ** ** 1 99 96 92 86 ** 79 70 ** 60 51 42 ** 34 27 ** 21 14 ** 10 ** 1 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 100 99 97 93 87 80 73 67 61 54 49 44 39 35 31 27 24 20 17 14 11 1 Mean S.D 17.3 8.9 19.3 8.3 19.2 5.1 19.7 5.6 Mean S.D 76 25 Mean S.D 18.1 8.8 19.4 8.5 18.6 5.2 19.7 5.7 Mean S.D 76 25 Scale Score Listening 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Scale Score Reading Table Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores— Undergraduate Level Students* *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to schools other than colleges or universities, e.g., secondary schools **Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing **Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Listening Speaking Writing Total Scale Score Percentile Rank 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 98 89 80 74 66 60 55 50 45 41 37 33 29 26 24 21 19 16 14 13 11 1 99 90 79 69 61 53 47 41 36 32 28 25 22 19 17 15 13 11 10 99 98 96 93 86 ** 75 60 45 ** 34 25 17 11 ** ** 1 ** 98 96 91 85 ** 75 64 ** 51 40 30 ** 22 16 ** 11 ** ** 1 120 116 112 108 104 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 100 99 97 92 85 76 66 56 47 40 33 27 23 19 15 12 10 2 1 Mean S.D 20.6 7.5 21.9 6.8 21.0 4.1 21.0 5.0 Mean S.D 84 20 Scale Score Reading Table Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores— Applicants for Professional License* *Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL to become licensed to practice their professions in the United States or Canada **Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Tables and present means and standard deviations of section and total scores separately for male and female examinees tested between January and December 2007 Table Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Males* Group Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Total Group* 19.5 8.7 19.8 8.3 18.9 4.7 20.2 5.5 78 24 Graduate Level** 21.1 8.1 21.1 7.8 19.6 4.6 21.1 5.3 83 23 Undergraduate Level** 17.5 9.1 19.4 8.4 19.0 5.0 19.6 5.7 76 25 Other Students** 18.6 8.9 19.4 8.6 18.4 5.1 19.7 5.7 76 25 Applicants for Professional License** 21.2 7.1 22.2 6.5 20.8 3.9 21.1 4.9 85 19 *Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership **Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test Table Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Females* Group Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total Total Group* 19.0 8.6 20.0 8.0 19.8 4.8 20.4 5.3 79 24 Graduate Level** 20.2 8.2 21.2 7.6 20.5 4.7 21.2 5.2 83 23 Undergraduate Level** 17.2 8.8 19.6 8.2 19.6 5.2 19.9 5.5 76 24 Other Students** 17.8 8.7 19.6 8.4 19.1 5.3 19.8 5.6 76 25 Applicants for Professional License** 20.2 7.6 21.8 6.9 21.3 4.2 21.0 5.0 84 20 *Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership **Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Tables and 10 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL iBT of a particular student with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language It is important to point out that the data not permit the generalization that there are fundamental differences in the ability of the various national and language groups to learn English or in the level of English proficiency they can attain The tables are based simply on the performance of those examinees native to particular countries and languages who happened to take TOEFL iBT 81 76 77 71 66 78 96 71 Bashkir Basque Belorussian Bemba Bengali Berber Bikol Bosnian Bulgarian Burmese * 24 20 13 22 17 20 17 21 18 * 25 23 15 23 17 21 20 24 18 * 21 23 21 22 18 22 21 21 19 * 22 22 17 24 18 22 19 22 21 * 92 88 67 91 71 85 77 89 76 Catalan Cebuano Chichewa ( Nyanja ) Chinese Chuvash Croatian Czech 24 22 16 20 * 21 21 24 23 18 19 * 25 24 21 22 19 18 * 22 22 22 22 19 20 * 22 22 92 89 72 77 * 91 89 Danish Dutch 24 25 27 27 26 25 24 25 101 102 Efik English Estonian Ewe 20 20 23 16 19 22 26 17 20 22 23 19 21 22 24 19 79 86 97 71 Farsi Fijian Finnish French Fula (Peul) 18 * 23 22 12 19 * 27 22 13 20 * 23 21 18 19 * 24 21 17 76 * 97 85 60 Ga Gallegan (Galician) Ganda Georgian German Greek Guarani Gujarati Gwichin 19 * 17 18 23 21 * 16 * 20 * 19 21 26 23 * 17 * 20 * 21 21 24 20 * 19 * 21 * 22 20 24 22 * 19 * 80 * 79 79 97 87 * 71 * Hausa Hebrew Hindi Hungarian 16 22 23 21 17 26 24 24 19 24 23 22 19 23 24 22 71 95 93 89 Icelandic Igbo Iloko Indonesian Inupiaq Italian 22 18 20 19 * 22 26 19 21 20 * 19 23 20 20 19 * 18 24 20 21 20 * 19 95 78 83 78 * 78 Japanese Javanese 16 18 16 17 15 16 18 19 65 71 Kannada Kanuri Kashmiri Kazakh Khmer Kikuyu Konkani Korean Kurdish Kurukh 24 * 21 17 13 16 25 20 16 * 25 * 23 19 15 19 26 20 20 * 23 * 23 20 17 20 24 18 19 * 25 * 23 19 18 20 26 20 19 * 96 * 90 76 63 74 101 77 74 * Total 21 20 19 18 17 20 25 18 Writing 21 20 21 19 19 21 23 19 Speaking Total 21 19 20 18 17 20 24 17 Listening Writing 18 17 17 15 13 17 24 16 Reading Speaking Afrikaans Akan Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Assamese Aymara Listening Native Language Reading Table TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by Native Language2 Lao Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luba-Lulua Luo 12 19 * 19 * 18 14 23 * 23 * 20 18 22 * 22 * 21 18 22 * 21 * 21 63 86 * 85 * 80 Macedonian Madurese Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Marathi Marshallese Mende Mongolian Mossi 18 13 * 22 23 * 24 * * 14 11 22 17 * 23 24 * 24 * * 16 13 21 18 * 20 23 * 23 * * 18 17 21 18 * 23 24 * 24 * * 17 17 82 66 * 88 95 * 95 * * 65 58 Nepali Norwegian 16 21 18 26 19 24 20 23 74 94 Oriya Oromo 24 17 24 20 23 19 25 18 96 73 Palauan Pohnapeian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Pushtu * * 20 22 20 16 * * 23 23 21 19 * * 22 21 22 21 * * 21 21 22 20 * * 86 86 84 77 Romanian Russian 23 19 24 22 22 21 23 21 92 83 Samoan Santali Serbian Shona Sindhi Sinhalese Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish * * 20 22 22 19 21 23 13 21 * 16 20 * * 23 23 24 22 24 25 17 22 * 18 25 * * 21 23 23 21 22 23 20 21 * 19 24 * * 20 23 24 22 22 24 17 21 * 19 23 * * 84 91 93 84 89 96 67 84 * 72 91 Tagalog Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Turkmen Twi 21 24 * 17 17 16 17 * 19 15 18 22 24 * 18 18 19 19 * 20 19 20 22 23 * 20 17 20 19 * 19 19 20 22 24 * 20 19 21 19 * 20 19 20 88 96 * 74 71 76 74 * 77 72 78 Uighur Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek 15 19 19 16 16 22 21 18 18 22 22 19 17 21 22 18 66 84 86 71 Vietnamese 17 16 17 19 70 Wolof 12 14 17 16 59 * * * * * Yapese Yiddish Yoruba * * 19 * * 20 * * 20 * * 20 * * 79 Zulu 18 21 23 23 84 Native Language Xhosa Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain languages may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 18 16 21 17 18 19 * * * * 17 18 16 * * 19 18 18 17 21 16 * 20 * 16 21 * 15 18 25 * * * 17 20 21 19 * 16 * 19 16 24 * 19 16 19 22 * 21 24 67 57 77 62 69 68 * * * * 64 66 59 * * 75 72 70 62 78 61 * 75 * 58 79 * 56 65 94 * * * 62 77 82 74 * 60 * 75 60 95 * 69 60 77 80 * 83 92 * * 24 * * * * * 20 22 21 23 20 23 19 * 19 20 20 * * * 18 * 12 19 18 * 21 * * * 25 * * * * * 22 23 24 23 21 25 20 * 21 22 22 * * * 19 * 14 22 21 * 22 * * * 22 * * * * * 21 21 23 20 20 23 20 * 21 21 22 * * * 20 * 18 22 22 * 21 * * * 23 * * * * * 20 21 23 21 20 23 19 * 20 21 21 * * * 19 * 16 21 21 * 21 * * * 94 * * * * * 83 86 91 88 80 93 79 * 81 83 84 * * * 76 * 61 85 82 * 85 * AMERICAN Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Martinique Mexico Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Uruguay Venezuela Virgin Islands (U.S.) Total 19 16 21 17 19 18 * * * * 19 19 16 * * 19 19 19 20 20 18 * 20 * 19 20 * 16 19 21 * * * 18 20 20 20 * 17 * 22 19 25 * 20 18 20 21 * 24 23 Writing Total 17 13 18 15 16 16 * * * * 15 16 13 * * 20 19 18 15 19 15 * 18 * 15 19 * 13 15 24 * * * 14 19 21 19 * 14 * 18 15 25 * 17 14 20 19 * 21 23 Speaking Writing Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Congo, The Democratic Republic of Cote D’Ivoire Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Swaziland Tanzania, United Republic of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Listening Speaking 13 12 16 13 15 15 * * * * 13 13 13 * * 17 16 15 10 18 12 * 17 * 20 * 11 13 24 * * * 13 18 21 16 * 13 * 16 10 22 * 14 12 18 17 * 17 22 AFRICA Geographic Region and Native Country Reading Listening Geographic Region and Native Country Reading Table 10 TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — Nonnative English-Speaking Examinees Classified by Geographic Region and Native Country2 18 20 20 20 20 21 * * * * * * 19 24 20 * 23 22 22 22 22 23 * * * * * * 22 25 22 * 24 22 21 21 21 21 * * * * * * 22 22 21 * 23 21 21 21 21 22 * * * * * * 21 23 20 * 88 85 83 84 83 87 * * * * * * 84 94 84 * 16 17 21 16 * 15 19 * * * 20 21 20 16 20 17 20 21 15 16 23 * 16 18 18 22 22 26 22 18 17 18 * 20 19 16 20 19 21 20 * 17 18 * * * 20 21 19 15 20 17 18 21 18 17 20 * 18 19 19 22 22 24 21 18 21 17 * 20 20 17 19 18 22 18 * 18 20 * * * 22 22 21 18 20 18 20 20 18 19 23 * 17 20 20 23 22 26 21 19 19 19 * 19 19 19 67 71 83 69 * 63 78 * * * 80 84 78 65 77 69 77 81 65 66 87 * 65 75 74 87 88 100 83 72 72 72 * 75 75 70 * 20 * 20 26 23 26 22 24 24 21 24 * 27 26 * 27 23 21 26 * 23 * * 23 26 * 19 * 21 * 21 24 22 24 21 21 22 19 22 * 26 23 * 23 21 21 24 * 20 * * 22 23 * 18 * 20 * 20 25 21 24 19 22 22 21 22 * 24 24 * 24 22 20 24 * 22 * * 22 24 * 19 * 78 * 78 99 86 98 80 88 89 79 89 * 101 96 * 98 88 79 97 * 88 * * 88 95 * 78 ASIA Afghanistan 12 Azerbaijan 16 Bangladesh 19 Bhutan 14 Brunei Darussalam * Cambodia 13 China 21 Christmas Island * Cocos (Keeling) Islands * East Timor * Hong Kong 18 India 20 Indonesia 19 Japan 16 Kazakhstan 17 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 16 Korea, Republic of 20 Kyrgyzstan 19 Lao, People’s Democratic Republic 13 Macau 15 Malaysia 21 Maldives * Mongolia 14 Myanmar 18 Nepal 16 Pakistan 20 Philippines 21 Singapore 25 Sri Lanka 19 Taiwan 17 Tajikistan 15 Thailand 17 Timor-Leste * Turkmenistan 16 Uzbekistan 17 Viet Nam 17 EUROPE Aland Islands Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Czech and Slovakia Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Gibraltar Greece Greenland Holy See (Vatican City State) Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy * 18 * 17 24 20 24 17 21 21 18 21 * 24 23 * 24 23 18 23 * 22 * * 21 22 * 22 (continued) 10 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 19 22 * 21 25 21 * 21 22 19 25 * 23 21 23 23 21 * * 20 20 22 23 22 23 24 20 21 24 * * 71 87 * 85 100 82 * 86 88 81 103 * 94 86 95 93 84 * * 83 84 89 96 88 91 97 77 84 95 * * 18 19 21 * 19 20 21 * 18 19 20 * 69 73 80 * MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA Algeria Bahrain Egypt Gaza Strip 11 15 14 18 * Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco Occupied Palestinian Territory Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates West Bank Yemen Total 20 22 * 22 24 21 * 22 22 21 25 * 24 22 23 22 21 * * 21 21 22 23 21 24 23 19 22 24 * * Writing Total 18 23 * 23 26 22 * 22 22 22 27 * 26 23 25 25 22 * * 22 23 24 26 23 25 26 20 22 25 * * Speaking Writing Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Malta Moldova, Republic of Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation San Marino Scotland Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Wales Yugoslavia Listening Speaking 15 20 * 19 25 18 * 20 22 19 25 * 21 20 24 23 20 * * 20 19 21 24 23 20 24 19 20 23 * * EUROPE (cont’d) Geographic Region and Native Country Reading Listening Geographic Region and Native Country Reading Table 10 (continued) 18 15 22 15 11 17 17 16 12 11 10 13 14 10 15 12 19 19 26 18 16 20 21 18 16 14 13 15 18 19 14 18 16 20 20 24 20 19 21 20 19 19 18 17 18 20 20 17 19 19 19 18 22 18 16 21 19 19 18 16 14 15 18 19 16 19 17 76 72 94 71 61 79 78 72 65 59 51 57 69 72 58 70 64 * 21 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 23 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 91 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * PACIFIC REGION American Samoa Australia Fiji French Polynesia Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Pitcairn Samoa Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 The TOEFL Paper-Based Test (TOEFL PBT) The paper-based version of the TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) continues to be administered on specific dates in some countries, particularly in areas where accessibility to the Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT) is a concern Each form of TOEFL PBT consists of three separately timed sections; the questions in each section are multiplechoice, with four possible answers or options per question All responses are gridded on answer sheets that are scored by computer There is also a 30-minute essay, The Test of Written English (TWE), given at each administration • Section of the test, Listening Comprehension, measures the ability to understand English as it is spoken in North America The oral features of the language are stressed, and the problems tested include vocabulary and idiomatic expression as well as special grammatical constructions frequently used in spoken English The stimulus material and oral questions are recorded in standard North American English; the response options are printed in the test books • Section 2, Structure and Written Expression, measures recognition of selected structural and grammatical points in standard written English The language tested is formal, rather than conversational The topics of the sentences are of a general academic nature so that individuals in specific fields of study or from specific national or linguistic groups have no particular advantage The total test time is approximately two and one-half hours; however, approximately three and one-half hours are needed for a test administration to admit examinees to the testing room, to allow them to enter identifying information on their answer sheets, and to distribute and collect the test materials Language specialists prepare the material for the TOEFL test The TOEFL Committee of Examiners establishes overall guidelines for the test content and specifications All item specifications, questions, and final test forms are reviewed for cultural and racial bias and content appropriateness, according to established ETS procedures For test date information, see the Information and Registration Bulletin for TOEFL PBT and TSE testing, or visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl Test Preparation — Examinees registered to take TOEFL PBT receive TOEFL Practice Tests, Volume 1, which includes two complete PBT tests In addition, sample questions are downloadable from the TOEFL website There is no fee for these practice materials Other TOEFL test preparation products are available for purchase For more information about these products and ordering information, go to the Test Takers section of the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl • Section 3, Reading Comprehension, measures the ability to read and understand short passages that are similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American colleges and universities Examinees read a variety of short passages on academic subjects and answer several questions about each passage The questions test information that is stated in or implied by the passage, as well as knowledge of some of the specific words as they are used in the passage 12 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Paper-Based Test Data for 2007 In 2007 TOEFL PBT was administered six times at preestablished testing centers throughout the world The data presented below are based on candidates who took the paper-based TOEFL test between January and December 2007 Table 11 gives actual ranges of observed scores for the period from January 2007 through December 2007 The percentile ranks for section and total scale scores are shown in Table 12 for the total group In Tables 13–16, examinees are classified by their reason for taking the test (information supplied by them at the test center) Table 11 Observed Minimum and Maximum Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores Min Max Listening Comprehension Section 31 68 Structure and Written Expression 31 68 Reading Comprehension 31 67 Total 313 677 Section Reading Comprehension Total Scale Score Percentile Rank Section Structure and Written Expression 99 98 95 89 82 73 64 52 41 30 20 12 1 98 94 89 84 77 67 58 48 38 29 22 15 10 1 99 95 89 81 70 58 45 32 22 15 1 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 99 96 90 83 73 61 48 36 25 16 10 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 99 98 95 90 84 74 64 52 39 28 18 11 1 98 94 88 82 74 63 52 41 31 23 17 11 1 98 94 86 76 64 50 36 24 16 10 1 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 99 96 90 81 69 56 42 30 19 12 Mean S.D 53.6 6.5 54.1 7.7 54.4 6.4 Mean S.D 540 61 Mean S.D 53.7 6.2 55.2 7.2 55.6 5.9 Mean S.D 548 57 Scale Score Percentile Rank 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 Scale Score Total Scale Score Section Listening Comprehension Table 13 Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores— Graduate Level Students* Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Section Listening Comprehension Table 12 Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores— Total Group *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as graduate students 13 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Section Reading Comprehension Total Scale Score Percentile Rank 99 97 94 87 79 71 62 52 41 30 20 12 1 98 94 89 84 78 70 63 53 44 35 27 19 13 1 99 97 92 86 78 67 55 41 29 20 13 1 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 99 95 90 83 75 65 54 42 30 20 13 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 99 98 95 89 82 73 64 55 45 35 26 18 11 1 99 98 94 90 84 77 69 60 50 41 34 27 20 13 3 99 97 93 86 78 67 55 43 32 24 17 12 2 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 100 98 93 87 78 68 57 46 36 27 19 13 Mean S.D 53.8 6.8 53.2 8.1 53.0 6.5 Mean S.D 534 64 Mean S.D 52.9 7.2 51.4 8.2 52.4 7.2 Mean S.D 522 68 Scale Score Percentile Rank 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 Scale Score Total Scale Score Section Listening Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Table 15 Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores —Other Students* Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Section Listening Comprehension Table 14 Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores —Undergraduate Level Students* *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students *Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to schools other than colleges or universities, e.g., secondary schools Section Reading Comprehension Total Scale Score Percentile Rank 99 98 96 92 85 77 66 52 39 29 19 11 1 99 97 94 91 86 78 69 60 50 40 31 21 14 99 98 94 89 80 69 56 40 26 16 10 1 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 420 400 380 360 340 320 99 98 94 89 81 71 58 44 30 19 12 1 Mean S.D 53.4 6.2 52.0 7.5 53.0 6.0 Mean S.D 528 58 14 Section Listening Comprehension 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 Scale Score Section Structure and Written Expression Table 16 Percentile Ranks for Paper-Based TOEFL Scores —Applicants for Professional License* *Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL to become licensed to practice their professions in the United States or Canada 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Tables 17 and 18 present means and standard deviations of section and total scores separately for male and female examinees tested between January and December 2007; Table 17 Means and Standard Deviations for Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores, Males* Group Section Section Structure and Section Listening Written Reading Comprehension Expression Comprehension Total Scale Score Total Group* 53.3 6.5 54.5 7.6 54.8 6.4 542 61 Graduate Level** 53.4 6.1 55.6 7.1 56.1 5.8 550 56 Undergraduate Level** 53.5 7.0 53.4 8.2 53.1 6.6 534 65 Other Students** 52.8 7.0 52.1 8.1 52.7 7.2 525 67 Applicants for Professional License** 52.8 6.2 51.6 7.5 53.0 6.4 525 59 *Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership **Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test Table 18 Means and Standard Deviations for Paper-Based TOEFL Section and Total Scores, Females* Group Section Section Structure Section Listening and Written Reading Comprehension Expression Comprehension Total Scale Score Total Group* 54.0 6.5 53.6 7.8 53.9 6.3 538 62 Graduate Level** 54.3 6.4 54.5 7.4 55.0 6.0 546 59 Undergraduate Level** 54.1 6.6 53.1 8.0 52.9 6.4 534 63 Other Students** 52.9 7.4 50.8 8.1 52.1 7.2 519 69 Applicants for Professional License** 53.9 6.2 52.2 7.4 53.1 5.8 531 57 *Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership **Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test 15 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Tables 19 and 20 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL PBT test of a particular student with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language It is important to point out that the data not permit the generalization that there are fundamental differences in the ability of the various national and language groups to learn English or in the level of English proficiency they can attain The tables are based simply on the performance of those examinees native to particular countries and languages who happened to take the paper-based TOEFL test 16 541 * 534 549 524 * * 545 * * * 577 * 577 * * 565 * 533 * * 552 543 * * 574 611 583 * * 571 * 493 537 * 605 552 507 * * * * 601 535 * 536 * * 603 * 573 * * 527 * 535 * 588 522 516 586 * * 521 * 551 505 * 545 509 * * Native Language Lao Latvian Lingala Lithuanian Luba-Lulua Luo Macedonian Madurese Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Mandingo Marathi Marshallese Mende Minangkabau Mongolian Mossi Nepali Norwegian Nyanja Oriya Oromo Palauan Pohnpeian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Pushto Romanian Russian Samoan Santali Serbian Shona Sindhi Sinhalese Slovak Slovenian Somali Spanish Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Turkmen Twi Uighur Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Wolof Xhosa Yapese Yiddish Yoruba Yupik Zhuang Zulu Total Score Mean 53 * 50 54 51 * * 54 * * * 57 * 57 * * 56 * 53 * * 53 54 * * 57 59 56 * * 55 * 49 54 * 59 55 50 * * * * 59 52 * 53 * * 59 * 56 * * 52 * 54 * 59 53 52 58 * * 52 * 54 51 * 56 51 * * Section Reading Comprehension 56 * 55 55 52 * * 56 * * * 58 * 57 * * 56 * 54 * * 58 55 * * 58 62 59 * * 59 * 51 53 * 60 55 53 * * * * 60 53 * 51 * * 59 * 57 * * 55 * 52 * 59 52 51 59 * * 52 * 58 52 * 55 50 * * Section Structure and Written Expression Total Score Mean 54 * 55 55 54 * * 53 * * * 58 * 58 * * 58 * 53 * * 55 54 * * 57 63 60 * * 57 * 49 54 * 63 55 49 * * * * 61 55 * 56 * * 63 * 58 * * 51 * 54 * 58 52 51 59 * * 53 * 54 48 * 53 51 * * Section Listening Comprehension Section Reading Comprehension Afrikaans Akan Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Assamese Azerbaijani Bambara Bashkir Basque Belarusian Bemba Bengali Berber Bikol Bosnian Bulgarian Burmese Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Chuvash Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Dyula Efik English Estonian Ewe Farsi Fijian Finnish French Fula (Peul) Ga Gallegan (Galicien) Ganda Georgian German Greek Guarani Gujarati Gwichin Hausa Hebrew Hiligaynon Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Iloko Indonesian Inupiaq Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kanuri Kashmiri Kazakh Khmer Kikuyu Kinyarwanda Konkani Korean Kurdish Kurukh Kusaiean Section Structure and Written Expression Native Language Section Listening Comprehension Table 19 TOEFL PBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees Classified by Native Language2 * * * * * 55 * * 51 60 58 * * * 54 * * * 47 53 62 * * 49 56 * 59 58 * 52 59 56 * * 55 55 * 56 * 61 * 58 * 53 62 59 53 55 * 56 49 * 55 * 52 55 * * 57 57 * 51 * * * * 54 * * * * * * * * 59 * * 50 57 59 * * * 50 * * * 53 53 61 * * 54 54 * 56 56 * 51 59 55 * * 52 60 * 52 * 59 * 56 * 56 59 59 52 53 * 54 50 * 58 * 51 52 * * 55 57 * 55 * * * * 57 * * * * * * * * 55 * * 52 58 59 * * * 47 * * * 50 53 58 * * 53 51 * 56 57 * 50 58 55 * * 51 56 * 53 * 59 * 57 * 53 58 56 51 53 * 54 51 * 56 * 52 51 * * 55 55 * 53 * * * * 54 * * * * * * * * 563 * * 511 582 586 * * * 507 * * * 498 529 602 * * 521 538 * 571 572 * 511 588 555 * * 527 570 * 537 * 593 * 571 * 542 596 579 522 536 * 546 500 * 565 * 516 524 * * 555 563 * 530 * * * * 548 * * * Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain languages may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 AFRICA Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, The Democratic Republic of Congo Cote d’Ivoire Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Swaziland Tanzania, United Republic of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe * * * 48 * 51 * * * * 48 * * * * 55 55 * 50 56 47 * 55 * 49 51 55 42 * 60 48 * * 52 * 48 * * * * * 62 * 54 48 51 * 56 57 * * * 53 * 55 * * * * 50 * * * * 59 55 * 51 57 50 * 58 * 52 50 58 42 * 65 51 * * 56 * 53 * * * * * 64 * 55 50 54 * 59 61 * * * 51 * 52 * * * * 49 * * * * 56 54 * 47 53 47 * 55 * 48 52 53 43 * 61 50 * * 53 * 51 * * * * * 59 * 52 49 53 * 53 57 * * * 505 * 524 * * * * 491 * * * * 569 547 * 494 555 481 * 559 * 497 510 554 424 * 616 497 * * 539 * 506 * * * * * 614 * 538 488 526 * 560 579 * * 59 59 * * * * * 59 * 60 * * 55 60 * * 60 56 * * * * * * 51 * * * 59 * * * * * 55 * * * 58 57 * * * * * 57 * 59 * * 52 58 * * 58 54 * * * * * * 50 * * * 56 * * * * * 52 * * * 59 54 * * * * * 57 * 58 * * 54 59 * * 57 56 * * * * * * 50 * * * 57 * * * * * 54 * * * 587 565 * * * * * 577 * 592 * * 538 590 * * 584 553 * * * * * * 505 * * * 575 * * * * * 535 * AMERICA Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil Virgin Islands (British) Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Martinique Mexico Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States of America Uruguay Virgin Islands (U.S.) Venezuela Total Score Mean Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Geographic Region and Native Country Section Listening Comprehension Total Score Mean Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Geographic Region and Native Country Section Listening Comprehension Table 20 Paper-Based TOEFL Total and Section Score Means1— All Examinees Classified by Geographic Region and Native Country2 * * * 58 * * 59 61 * 59 * * * 57 * * 56 61 * 57 * * * 54 * * 56 60 * 57 * * * 566 * * 571 605 * 575 51 54 * 58 * * 54 56 58 54 52 54 52 53 54 * * 59 * * 53 53 57 59 62 56 54 53 49 54 * 51 50 57 * 57 * * 55 55 56 52 52 54 52 55 55 * * 57 * * 54 53 57 59 62 52 53 53 50 52 * 55 49 54 * 55 * * 54 56 56 54 53 53 53 56 54 * * 58 * * 53 53 55 56 61 53 53 51 51 51 * 53 499 552 * 570 * * 543 558 566 535 522 539 526 545 542 * * 579 * * 533 529 563 580 617 535 532 524 500 525 * 531 * * * * 57 60 57 * * 54 57 63 * * 63 57 * 62 58 * * * * * 58 54 * * * * * * 57 * * * * 62 59 61 60 56 * * * * * * 57 59 54 * * 52 58 61 * * 60 58 * 61 57 * * * * * 59 54 * * * * * * 57 * * * * 61 56 59 60 55 * * * * * * 56 60 54 * * 51 57 59 * * 60 58 * 59 56 * * * * * 59 49 * * * * * * 56 * * * * 58 56 60 58 55 * * * * * * 566 599 553 * * 523 574 611 * * 607 577 * 605 569 * * * * * 590 527 * * * * * * 568 * * * * 602 569 600 595 554 * * ASIA Afghanistan Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China, People’s Republic of Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan Korea, Democratic People’s Republic Korea, Republic of Kyrgyzstan Lao, People’s Democratic Republic Macau Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Viet Nam EUROPE Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Greenland Holy See (Vatican City State) Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic Malta Moldova, Republic of Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Northern Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation San Marino Scotland (continued) 17 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Wales * * 61 57 62 60 52 57 * * * * 59 56 59 59 51 55 * * * * 59 57 58 58 52 55 * * * * 593 568 596 590 515 559 * * 55 * 53 53 54 53 62 53 * 58 50 57 * * * 51 52 55 * * 55 55 * 52 52 54 51 59 50 * 57 49 56 * * * 45 52 54 * * 52 53 * 52 51 55 52 59 52 * 55 50 56 * * * 46 53 53 * * 50 543 * 524 518 545 522 597 517 * 567 500 563 * * * 474 525 537 * * 524 MIDDLE EAST Algeria Bahrain Egypt Gaza Strip Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco Oman Palestinian Territory Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates West Bank Yemen Total Score Mean Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Geographic Region and Native Country Section Listening Comprehension Total Score Mean Section Reading Comprehension Section Structure and Written Expression Geographic Region and Native Country Section Listening Comprehension Table 20 (continued) PACIFIC ISLANDS American Samoa Australia Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Niue Northern Mariana Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu * * * * * * * 54 49 * * * * * 56 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 50 45 * * * * * 54 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 47 46 * * * * * 52 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 505 465 * * * * * 540 * * * * * * Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published Table 21 presents the overall percentile ranks of TWE® (Test of Written English™) scores In 2007, the TWE test was administered with TOEFL PBT on all test dates The TWE test is holistically scored using a criterion-referenced 6-point score scale Further information can be found in the Test of Written English Guide Table 21 Percentile Ranks for TWE Scores 18 TWE Score Percentile Rank 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 99 98 92 83 60 35 20 Mean S.D 3.7 0.9 䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳䊳 The TOEFL test is the BEST measure of academic English proficiency ® Using a high-quality test means more accurate decisions ETS’s in-depth, rigorous test design process ensures that the TOEFL® test is the highest-quality English-language proficiency assessment available The test is supported by 135+ TOEFL research reports and monographs, multiple pilot tests and our commitment to ongoing research For more information visit www.ets.org/toefl/research Copyright © 2008 by Educational Testing Service All rights reserved ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING LEARNING LEADING and TOEFL are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States of America and other countries throughout the world TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE is a trademark of ETS 8411 71943-10496 • WEBPDF48