Astm a 370 94 standard test methods and definition for mechanical testing of steel products

HỆ Designation: A 370 - 94 i Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products „ - ! sage a This standard ˆ is issued under the fixed designation A 370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of orginal adoption or in the case ol revision the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the vear of last reapproval A superscript epsilon (¢} indicates an editomal change since the iast revision or reapproval This standard has been approved for use ov agencies of the Department of Defense Consult the DoD Standards for the specitic year of issue which hus been adopted by the Department of Defense Scope then converted into inch-pound units The elongation determined in SI unit gage lengths of 30 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gage lengths of or in, respectively, as applicable 1.6 Attention is directed to Practice A 880 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratones ~ 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all ( safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It i responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ¢ 6.0 priate safety and health practices and determine the apprrca>=——— bility of regulatory limitations prior to use L.1 These test methods" cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steel products The various mechanical tests herein described are used to properties determine specifications required in the product Index of Specifications and Variations in testing methods are to be avoided and standafd methods of testing are to be [oilowed to obtain reproducible ,and comparable results, In those cases where the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures the product specification testing requirements shall control 1.2 The following mechanical tests are described: Sections Tension Bend § tô lộ l4 Hardness Brinell Rockwell is 16.17 18 2.1 ASTM Standards A703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements for Pressure-Containing Parts? A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy Common Requirements for General Industrial Use? A 880 Practice for Criteria for Use in Evaluation of Testing Laboratories and Organizations for Examination and Inspection of Steel, Stainless Steel, anc Alloys* E Practices for Force Venfication of Testing M E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing? E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate- 19 to 28 1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows: wen Annex Bar Products t Tubular Products Fasteners Round Wire Products Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Cozverting Percentage Elongation of Round Equivaients Specimens 4 to for Flat Specimens Testing Muiti-Wire Strand Rounding of Test Data Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simutation 10 rials? E 8M Test Methods Materials {Metric]> 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be Tegarded as the standard 1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product Specification, the yield and tensile values mav be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted ir:ic SI (MPa) units The elongation determined in inch-pound gage lengths of2 Or in may be reported in SI unit gage lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable Conversely, when this docUment is referenced in an inch-pound product specification, E 10 Test Method rials? for Tension Testing of Metallic for Brinel! Hardness of Metallic Mate- E 18 Test Methods for Rockwel] Hardness and Rockwell “Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials® E 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials? E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications® E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometers? the yield and iensile values may be determined in SI units ~~ "These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Ommittee A-1 on Stee}, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the "sponsibility of Subcommittee AO|.13 on Methods of Mechanical Testing Current edition approved Jan 15, 1994 Published March Published as 270 ~ 53 T Last previous edition A 370- 93 For ASME Boiler and Pressure 1994 direct Originally Aanuaf Book uf srw yalva đạihạn * 4nkiaRB#ĐL vf AST Siqrder Wo el oa of ASTID SIanikirds Vol 03:91 Wessel Code applications see related Specifi- * 4nndgl Rok of ASTMStandards Vol 19.02, SAtion $A-370 in Section It of that Code 161 7% at \ Soa nage Impact — Referenced Documents TCSP 4h A370 4.2 The terms “radial test” and “tangential test” are useq in material specifications for some wrought circular producig and are not applicable to castings When such reference jig made to a test coupon or test specimen, the following definitions apply: 4.2.1 Radial Test unless specifically defined otherwise signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is perpen dicular to the axis of the product and coincident with one of the radii of a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center (Fig 2(a)) 4.2.2 Tangential Test unless specifically defined other wise signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen js perpendicular to a plane containing the axis of the produq and tangent to a circle drawn with a point on the axis of the product as a center (Figs 2(a), 2(b) 2(c), and 2(@)) E 110 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable Hardness Testers? E 190 Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds? E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels? E 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Ductility of Metallic Materjals? 2.2 Other Document: ASME Boiler and Pressure Division 1, Part UG-847 Vessel Bend Code, Test for VIII Section # General Precautions 3.1 Certain methods of fabrication such as bending forming, and welding or operations involving heating, may affect the properties of the materia] under test Therefore, the product specifications cover the stage of manufacture at » “ich mechanical testing is to be performed The properties sown by testing prior to fabrication may not necessarily be “— representative of the product afier it has been completely fabricated 3.2 Improper machining or preparation of test specimens may give erroneous results Care should be exercised to assure good workmanship in machining Improperly machined specimens should be discarded and other specimens substituted 3.3 Flaws in the specimen may also affect results If any test specimen develops flaws the retest provision of the applicable product specification shall govern 3.4 If any test specimen fails because of mechanical reasons such as failure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation it may be discarded and another specimen taken TENSION Description 5.1 The tension test related to the mechanical testing of steel products subjects a machined or full-section specimen of the material under examinatian to a measured load sufficient 10 cause rupture The resulting properties sought are defined in Terminology E 3.2 In’ general the testing equipment and methods are given in Test Methods E However there are certain exceptions 10 Test Methods E § practices in the testing of steel and these are covered in these test methods Test Specimen Parameters 6.1 Selection—Test coupons shall be selected in accordance with the applicable product specifications 6.1.1 Wrought Sreels—Wrought steel products are usually tested in the longitudinal direction but in some cases where size permits and 4.1 The terms “longitudinal test” and “transverse test” are used only in matenal specifications for wrought products and are not applicable to castings When such reference is hade to a test coupon or test specimen the following ~_~Gefinitions apply: 4.1.1 Longitudinal Test unless specifically defined otherwise signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is parallel to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging The stress applied to a longitudinal tension test specimen is in the direction of the greatest extension, and the axis of the fold ofa longitudinal bend test specimen is at might angles 10 the direction of greatest extension (Figs }, 2(a), and 2(d)) 4.1.2 Transverse Test, unless specifically defined ‘otherwise, signifies that the lengthwise axis of the specimen is at right angles to the direction of the greatest extension of the steel during rolling or forging The stress applied io a lransverse tension test specimen is at right angles to the greatest extension and the axis of the fold of a transverse bend test specimen is parallel to the greatesi extension (Fig 1) Sociely of Mechanical Engineers 3245 E the serice justifies it testing is in the transverse radial or tangential directions (see Figs and 2) 6.1.2 Forged Stecls—For open die forgings the metal for tension testing is usually provided by allowing extensions or prolongations on one or both ends of the forgings either on all or a representative number as provided by the applicable product specifications Test specimens are normally taken at mid-radius Certain product specifications permit the use of a representative bar or the destruction of a production part for test purposes For ring or disk-like forgings test metal is provided by increasing the diameter thickness or length of the forging Upset disk or ring forgings, which are worked oF extended by forging in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the forging usually have their principal extension along concentric circles and for such forgings tangential tension specimens are obtained from extra metal on the periphery of end of the forging For some forgings such as rotors, radia tension tests are required In such cases the specimens are cul or trepanned from specified locations 6.1.3 Cast Steels—Test coupons for castings from which tension test specimens are prepared shall be in accordanŒ with the requirements of Specifications A 703/A 703M of A 781/A 781M, as applicable 6.2 Size and Tolerances—Test specimens shal] be the full thickness or section of material as:rolied or may be ma chined to the form and dimensions shown in Figs throug! inclusive The selection of size and type of specimen § Orientation of Test Specimens “ availahie fram American Street, New York, NY 1O0LF TEST 37th 162 4l) A 370 rescribed are Useq rOducy rence h lowing TEMWige, perpen One of * OF the | + Oimer “MEN ¡ Srodug S Ofihe - TY ) ẠCC0T- ` asually + where | in the and 2}, tal for | Ons of ner OP je xu useOf part atal is ath of > „ s#H3 c= AIT YP! “TAFTEE ASSY OF ITEMS 1B 2, CEMENT RUBBER PAD (ITEM 3) TO BASE DARL 4371 ou FIG Testing mochine 16 ay DRILL of i 22022224— 2am 62 & FAP 74 -2ONC-2 = DRILL ( 281 Ded — A } (437) DA 0.010 in Wore NOTES #2 Diệt ORILL (280 Ola BS BORE nồi eee NOTE NOTE +) FLASH CHROME = NOTE (ENLARGED) PLATE ITEMS aaa THDICATOR- STARRETT RawGE OOI~ 25Ô BACK ADJUSTABLE CONTACT POINT NO NO 25-2024 BRACKET Assembly and Details for Lateral Expansion Gage jows: should not extend Đeyong thụ 6ml Note—The other Fic ` FIG 17 Metal Plugs for Testing Tubular Specimens, Proper Location of Plugs in Specimen and of Specimen in Heads of Testing Machine 200 18 edges of the blank for the specimen shall be cut parallel 10 caia Be Location of Strip Tension Test Specimens in Large =~ Diameter Tubing mm NOTE TNofE 4l) A370 Reduced Sectron đan Nhan m———— —Rod':in tần Gage Lengin DIMENSIONS Dimensions, in, ~x A c D 1⁄2 + 0.015 %4 ~ 0.031 11⁄4s ãD0roximately approximately + 0.005 + 0.005 4+ 0.005 21⁄4 2% 41⁄4 + 0.062 1% 2+ 0.005 21⁄4 11⁄2 + 1⁄4 approximately 2+ 0.010 2% approximately 4+ 0,005 41⁄4 420.015 8= 0.020 41⁄2 min +—Cross-sectional area may de calculated by multiptying A and ¢ 2—The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for in the applicable material specifications ` đ—The reduced section shall be parallel within 0.010 in and may have a gradual taper in width from the ends toward the center, with the ends not more than wider than the center 4—The ends of the specimen shalt be symmetrical with the center ïine of the reduced section within 0.10 in, 5—Metric equivalent: in = 26.4 mm ore 6—Specimens with sidss parailel throughout their length are perrmnitted, except for referee testing, provided: | (a) the above tolerances are used; (b) an adequate amber of marks are provided for determination of elongation, and (c) when yield strength is determined, a Suitable extensometer is used If the fracture occurs at a e of less than 2W tram the edge of the gripping device, the tensile properties determined may not be representative of the material if the properties meet the requirements specified no further testing is required, but if they are less than the minimum requirements, discard the test and retest FIG ˆ 19 Oimensions and Tolerances for Strip Tension Test Specimens for Large Diameter Tubing Reouced : Aaprox z : ¬ ‘FIG 20 arge 21⁄4` Min 3" Min ¬ => ⁄2 } Test Specimen ~ ` Aư Bleeaer Lif ZZX thề Note 1—The in the applicable Note 2—The gradual taper in Lm ⁄ ⁄ Gaghet 3—The Note 4—Metric equivatent: in, = 25.4 mm FIG ` Testing Machine for Determination of Transverse Yield Strength trom Annular Ring Specimens 201 21 ~—! ˆ Note ends of the specimen shall be symmetrical with the center line of the reduced section within 0.10 in Hydraulic Pressure Line FG 22 ~ dimension ¢ is the thickness of the test specimen as provided tor material specifications reduced section shail be‘parallel within 0.010 in and may have a width from the ends toward the-center, with the ends not more than 0.010 in wider than the center Ruover b + CRag 1" Min 2000'10.005" Gage Lengin Location of Transverse Tension Test Specimens in Ring Cut trom Tubular Products _—_# Section tủ a +10 each 2” : Transverse Tension Test Specimen Cut from Tubular Products Machined from Ring FIG 24 Roller Chain Type Extensometer, Clamped Ị I | | FIG 25 | Ị \ I \ \ | Reverse Flattening Test I L FIG 202 26 Crush Test Specimen a) A 370 Position after ping a# - AaOuls Diam of Tube fad B= Outs Diam of Tube less C= Outs Diam, of Tube plus a « ý ‡ : Position h ‘ after Using † Flatter oat As Outs Diem of Tube plus £ 2° Flaring Tool Die Block Metric equivalent: in = 25.4 mm FIG 27 Flaring Too! and Die Biock for Flange Test Included ol Slope 1n 1© Angle FIG Face Bend Specimen 28 Tapered Mandrels for Flaring Test Foot Gand Spseiman Nore—Metric equivalent: in, = 25.4 mm Pipe Wall Thickness (t), in Up to ¥, inet Over ⁄s FIG 29(a) Test Specimen Thickness, in t Me Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Test Specimens ai) A 370 at a SHALL BE MACHINED FROM £ODGE s MỊN——- T1 iF FLAME CUT, MOT LESS THAN “— TỶ—=V TT T=~=——¬ 1K \/ ‡ ; ị TUẦN Ÿg1ot| > lizDN [SEE MOTE) + When t exceeds 14 use one of the folioving: Cut alone line indicated by arros E69 may be flame cut ané may oF may not be machanee Specamens may be cư: into approximately equa) strips between 3/4 in ane 1s an, wide for testame or che specimens may be bent az full width (see requirements on gag waéth an Fig 32) Note—Metric equivalent: in, = 25.4 mm, FIG, 29(b) Tapoed testing rf Side-Bend Specimen for Ferrous Materials hole to suit machine ~ As required : ' Tat w ` Hardened roliers 1's" diam may be substituted for jig shoulders Ay \ = h H PI As required " tat > NV unger member — - Shoulders hardened