Astm c 76 98

Ts + Ark, Plan ưa ASTM C76-98 TC Wt G C?b~ENGL tly ‘Designation: C 76 - 98 Ỉ 2998 0759810 Ob44N500 399 oT STD-ASTN § AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Bam Harbor De West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted trom the Anrual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM § CONG VAN D đẻ 6C i Agcy Btidag nin Q§ Standard Specification for , JƯ c¬n= Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe’ This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 76; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reappraval A superscript epsilon {€) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval i This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense ' C 150 Specification for Portland Cement® 1, Scope This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe Ll intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts LZ A complete metric companion to Specification C76 has bees deyeloped—C 76M; therefore, no metric equivalents are + presented in this specification 4, i : Nore 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchasespecifica: tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the celationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type uf bedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms: to the constructinw specifications The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specited herein is cactioncd chat he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection af the construction Site, - pounds for Curing Concrete* or Tile C S9SIC 595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements® C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete* C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul- vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe? C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products? CILL6 Specification Shotcrete* fer Fiber-Reinforced Terminology Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 82 Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Re- crete pipe, see Terminology C 822 inforcementẺ A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement® A496 Specification for Stee] Wire, Deformed for Concrete Reinforcement? A497 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Deforsned, for Concrete Reinforcement? A 615/A6I5M Specification for Deformed and Plain BilletSteel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement? Specification Culvert Pipe? C33 C39 for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Specification for Concrete Aggregates* Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens* This specification iy under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commitee C-.3 on Concrete Pige and is the direct responsibility of Subcommiuee C13.02 on enforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe Current edition approved Jan published us ` Anaudl * Anauat Annual C 76 Book Sook Book 10 1993, Published June = 30 T Last previous edition C 76 ~ 97 of ASTM Standards, Vol 0144 af ASTM Standards Voi 04.05 af ASTM Stuidurds, Vol 04.02, † Pins by the American Society For Testing & Materials Mar 02 11:13:07 1989 199% Originally Com- C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, Nore 2—Attention is called to the specitication for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (Specification C 655) C l4 | C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Concrete and 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con- 4, Classification 4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class Il, Class IV, and Class V The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed in Tables I- 5 Basis of Acceptance 5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order, two separate and alternative bases of acceptance are permitted as follows: 3.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests, Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the results of the three-edze bearing tests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are required in 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4; by absorption tests on selected samples of concrete from the wail of the pipe; and by visual inspection of the finished pipe to determine its conformance accepted design and its freedom-from defects * Auniail Rook of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01 with the v —————— STD ASTM C?b- ENGL Em 1998 0754510 063501 02s mg (i) ¢ 76 TABLE Design Requirements for Claes | Reinforced Concréte Pipe" Nore 1—See Section for basis of acceptance specified by the owner foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall -be either the D-load (test load The strength test requirements in pottude-focoe pet ).t0 produce 0.01-in crack, or the D-oads tn produce the 0.01 „in crack and the ultimate expressed in pourds-force per linear foot per foot of dis load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet 800 1200 D-toad to produce & 0.014n crack Dtoad to produce the uttimale bed i Internal Designated Ciameter, ly Concrete Strength, 4000 psi T Ckcular "n Mọi an inner Cage a 72 78 “4 to s86 5 6% ? ™ 0.25 030 0.35 0.40 045 049 0.54 i Reinforcement? | 102 8% 108 114 ⁄ 128 132 138 4 : ‘ 144 A + Wel Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Circular Outer Cage | EIptcal Reinforcement? Watt ii eee Inver Cage Outer Cage Reinforcement® O15 | 018 621 ! 924 › 027 029 0.32 0.28 0.33 0.39 94 oso 054 0.60° 6% TM! 8w 0.21 025 02 0.32 0.27 qá 0.46 0.13 0.15 OAT 0.19 022 025 0.28 023 028 9.32 0.36 0.41 048 0.51 Concrete Strength, 6000 pai 120 x Reinforcement, in.*Ainear ft of pipe wall, Wall A Reinforcament® Eliptical | 0.63 0.38 Inner Circular Pius Elliptical 025 0.38 9% O84 0.32 foner Circular Ptus Eliptical 0.22 0.32 0.08 0.41 Inner Circular 027 0.37 Inner Cưcular 0.24 - - Pius Elliptical - - ~- I oo - ~ oo ~ s - 041 - 10 0.61 - ~ - 2 se ~ a ~ ~ - - Pius Ellptcs! — ” 0.37 a ~ - ~ , “For modified or specialial designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner iitiize the provisions of Specification C 655 Stee! areas may be interpolated detweer sara shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness Pipe over 96 In In dlameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one etiptics’ 38 *As an ahemative to designs requiring both Inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned In either of the fo” _.ing manners: An inner circular cage plus an etiptcal cage such that the ares of the elliptical cage shail not be less than that specified for the outer cage i the t?" 4s and the [otal area of the inner circular caga plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage In the tubie, An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in sccordance with Fig or An Inner and outer cage plus an etliptical cage in accordance with Fig Elliptical and quadrant steo! must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or omer positive means throughout the f.atire casting operation 3.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections— Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the results of such material tests as are required in 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4; by crushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; by absorption tests on selected samples from the wall of the pipe: and by inspection of the finished pipe including amount and placement of reinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from defects 5.1.3 When agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer, any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance 5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered teady for acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated by the specified tests Materials 6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials Tue Mar 02 11:13:43 1999 , 6.2 Cementitious materials: 6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con- forming to the requirements of Specification C 595/C 595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type JP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash and shall not exceed 25 % by weight 6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Class F or Class C of Specification C 618 6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete Shalt be one of the following: 6.2.3.1 Portland cement only, 6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only; 6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, or 6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fiy ash wherein the proportion of fly ash is between and 25 % by weight of total cementitious material (portland cement plus Ay ash) 6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification STD-ASTH C?b-ENGL 1998 Gm 0755510 ¡018502 Tol ah c76 TABLE Design Requirements for Class Il Reinforced Concrete Pipe* Nore [—-See Section for hasis of acceptance specified by the owner ` The strength test requirements ia pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-beuring method shall be either the D-load (test Joad expressed 1a pounds-force per linear fou per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in crack, or the D-loads produce the O.Ui-in, crack and the ultimate load us specified below, multiplied by uie internat diameter of the pipe in feet, i ¬ é O-load to produce the ultimate load ¡ 1600 Reinforcement, in.7Anear f of pipe wall Inlemal Desg- naked , _~ i ~ *“ 12 115 4g 21 24 27 30 i Tce ness, in 1% 2% 2% 25 2% 33.2% 3, 42 Imer Ouier 0.072 Cage Cage 0,074 0.078 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.16 014 0.15 0.12 023 § 0.18 6% 90 7% 102 8⁄4 0.57 0.82 0.76 010 a 21 C25 O34 0.37 0.48 0.51 0.57 @ 9.85 0.61 8⁄2 0.69 Inner 0.30 Plus El- 0.46 inner Circular 0.34 Circular Pus El fptical a Wal C Elipbcal The; ‘Reinforcement? ness, m - 2% Giuar Reinforcemant® fer Cage 0.078 Elliptical Outer - Reilorcement° Cage an 3⁄4 mh 0.072 0074 0.078 0.072 0072 on 0.07 913 0.13 4⁄“ ant oor2 0.07 0.07 01 020 5% 0.14 0.08 0.15 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.15 0.19 O21 0.28 0.34 0.39 8% Th Th 0.22 0.25 aw 613 OAS 0.8 024 0.28 0.33 0.51 0.31 - oe 0.15 0.09 0.22 0.13 0.40 0.46 0.12 0.68 oat 0.44 051 0.57 0.63 0.27 Pus E- 0.41 0.76 0.51 0.46 Inner Circular 0430 Pus El liptical - a ^ 9072 0.10 6% 0.17 ey 8% 02 0.41 " 0072 tạ 0.07" 007 - 0078 007 0.08 0.07 0.33 10% 0.62 0.37 0.39 0.46 0.29 0.53 0.61 Inner 0.25 Plus El- 0.437 Inner Cireutar 0.28 Circular hpbcal 10% 0.70 ^ 123 a aA a 142 ^ ‘ 942 Plus El liptcal a a a 0.42 ` A ^Far modifiađ or speciat designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification - 0.19 21 0.25 0.55 - 011 0.10 0.48 0.46 a we 94 % Inner Circular Kptical 10 §⁄ 0.24 0.57 0.34 Concrete Strength $000 psi 9⁄4 4% 0.17 0.24 0.28 655 Steel areas may de interpolated between those shown for variations in diameter, loading or wall thickness Pipe over 96 in in diameter snall nave two circular cages of an inmer urcular plus ong elliptical cage | Ị For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement 's specified The actual ultimate strength Is greater than the minimum sttengin specified for nonrentorcad pipe of equivalent diameters in Specification C 14 As an allemative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinlorcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the !nfowing manne: Ani: Greular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the allipticat cage shall nol be less than tnat specified for the outer cage in the table ano nt °c of the inner circular Cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table, area Aq inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig , or An inner and outer cage pkus an elfiptical cage in accerdance with Fig Eiliphcal and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or ather positiva mexns throughout the entire casting operation As an allernative sing!s cage reinforcement may be used The reinforcement area in square in per linear foot shall be 0.20 fcr wall and 0.16 for wall © C 33 except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply 6.6 Synthetic Fibers—Collated fibrillated virgin polypropy- 6.4 Admixtures and Blends—Admixtures and blends maybe —_ lene fibers may be used, at the manufacturer's option in used with the approval of the owner 6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material Only of — Type MI synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifi- wire conforming to Specification A 82 or Specification A496 or of wire fabric conforming to Specification A 185 or Specification A497 or of burs of Grade 40 steel conforming to Specification A 61S/A 615M ‘Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials Tue Mar 02 11:13:53 1999 t Concrate Strength, 4000 psi 114 129 1324 ‘ Th 0.63 tipucat 108 § 6% ~ 0.07? 0.077 0.077 0.11 0.14 5% 03 0.39 0.4 : - ks, ji ~ o a on on 4⁄ 0.28 + 0078 0.079 0.978 0.072 6.13 3⁄4 0.18 0.13 = Cage 0.078 3⁄4 014 Outer Cage 0.15 6.15 025 gái §⁄ nm ` ve 0.08 0.46 0.51 ~ Inner 2% 2% 2% 3⁄4 0.15 0.39 0.25 8.41 â, Aeinforcementđ ness, 0.079 0.10 9.1 0.13 9.25 0.21 Eliptical a ` _ Circular -_Reinforcemant® wail Thick " " " 4w 6c §6 712 $6 Circular Reinforcement” 0.16 78 84a Wal B Cancrete Strength, 4000 psi 3⁄4 48 §4 Wal A Concrete Strength, 4000 psi dã &== x 1000 D-loađ 1o produce a 0.01-in crack ` cally for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C 1116 shall be accepted & (STD LASTH '€7b-“ENGL "T8 Db34503 0759530 3998 (i) o76 TABLE Design Requirements for Claes ti Relnforcad Concrete Pipe* `-{ ` Nore 1—See Section for basis of acceptance specified by the owner ‘The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the thres-edge-bearing nicthod shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-focce per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-In crack, or the D-loads to produce tne 0,01-in crack and the ultimate Joad as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet 1350 Dioad to produce a 0.01-n crack | ; D-oad to produce the ultimate load i Wall A ; i intemal e Thick: Circular Passes, hn 12 1% ri 1⁄4 182 21 2% ì ắ Ệ ệ 24 ‡ : i 24 0.189 5% 0.44 0.50 94 42 ZA 3% 4% eo & T6 inner, OuterCage Cage 0072 0077 0072 + 014 a 0.17 2z 30 Reinforcement? 2⁄2 Reinforcement, in.vinear fof pipe wall ~ Exipicsl Wall Thick feMlobemerl2 nesses, „1 ¬ 2z 9.072 2% on +? 0.14 0.18 3% 0.18 ~ 0.16 0.21, 021 026 0.32 038 “ 0.13 015 0.18 860.23 0.20 0.23 9-28 0.35 042 057 = Oot 0.63 ow 026 u20 : Wall Concrete Strength, 4000 pel Gecoates Wall 2000 3% 3% af 4% 5% 0.49 0.55 6% Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Circular Relntorcement” Exiptical inner Cage 0.07° 0.072 0079 9.079 Quay Cage “ ~ RelfofOem@AI2 0.16 o 014 0.079 0.18 020 0.17 0.21 0.24 029 0.34 0.41 049 Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Cireular ‘Thick Reintorcament® = 0.08 ~ 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.4 4% aye 5% 5% 8% 012 008 “012° 0.16 021 0.07 O07 0.10 013 0.10 0.09 OS 0.18 0.23 0.4 T O36 — 022 0.40 0.15 920 025 0.38 0.46 nesses, in 2% au an 3% 9.57 4w 0.10 Tu ae 025 Oat 7% a 8% 0.64 0.72 0.38 0.43 0.71 0.80 TA 0.57 0.64 %6 Tự 0.81 993 0.49 0.56 0.90 1.03 8% 0.69 0.76 034 0.38 0.8 971 8⁄ ay 942 050 Concrete Strength, 5000 psi ị : 0.08 028 0.34 041 0.46 0.25 0.30 0A7 9% Concrete Strength, 5000 psi 077 0.4 9% a% 059 0.70 0435 0.42 0.66 inner Circular 0.28 PluaEL — 0.42 liptcal : 102 * 8% 103° 062 * ; 0.072 0.15 019 Ệ i 0.079 - i 0.079 079 Concrete Stietigth, 5000 psi : Exiptical Reinforcement 029, * Outer Cage ~ os - 0072 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.17 Welt “inner Cage 0.072 0.072 0077 0.079 oa 0072 0.072 “ Walt C inner 041 Pus E+ 0.62 lnoer 649 Phe €- 073 Cwcular _ Rptcal z 122 O73 @ i : , 14 + « 126 132 136 4 ˆ “ - 120 144 a ~ - Circular fiptical , ~ - A oa 9% 0.90 0.54 Inner 0.38 Pls 084 inner 043 Circular liptical 10 1.06 ^ ˆ 0.68 a ~ ˆ Circular Pus E+ 065 - a liptical “ - a - 10W 0.83 0.50 Inner 2.38 Psfr 0,50 Cweular Sptical 10% 0.99 0.49 inner Clreular PlueEL ˆ a a 4 a - ~ ~ « A Sptical 0.40 0.89 ` - we ~ Aeor modes & Spotal Gaaigns soe? Bar viby he permission al ho onto wblza Te punters a Spoctoation © 655 OP» interpolated between those ahown tor varlations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness Pipe ovar 96 in In diameter shall have two circular cages of an inner circular plus one afiiptical cage Shs an aflemative to designs requiring doth inner and outer circular cages the reintocament may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners: An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such thatthe aree of the elliptical cage shal not be lees then that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area of the'nner cious cage plus the etintical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the tabse, An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig 1, of An Inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig SEuiptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of hokding rods, chairs, of other positive means throughout the entire casting operation For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steal reintorcament is specitiod.The actual ultmate etrengin fs grester han the minknum strength specified for Nonreintorced pipe of equivalent diameters In Specification C 14, fn en ahsmative, single caga reinforcement may be used The reinforcement area in square In per bnear foot shall be 0.30 lor weit B and 0.20 lor wat C ican Society For Testing & Materials STD-ASTH C7b-ENGL 4998 sử 07555 ObL4YSOk 834 (Ib c 76 TABLE Design Requirements for Ciass IV Reinforced Concrete Pipe* i Nore 1—See Section for basis of acceptance specified by the owner The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing methud shall be either ithe D-load (test toad expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in crack, or the D-loads to produce the O.Ut-in crack and the ultimate joss as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet | Ỹ D-load to produce a 0.01dn crack i ; 2000 D-load w produce the ultimate load 3000 Reinforcement, in.finear ft of pipe wait Wai A oe Oiameter, in Wall Thickness, in, 12 15 1% Circular Reinforcement? faner Cage Cage a 023 aa 0.16 0.17 2A 2% 27M 30 2% 33 ^ 436 ^ ^ 4a C4 a4 0.20 0.33 0.38 si a 2% + Outer 0.15 1% at Wall Conerete Strength, 6000 psi a Wall Reintorcement® mentđ m Inner o O21 2% Rainforce- Thickness, ô — 015 027 O31 035 a 2W 2% “ ve ~ ~ oa on + - v - Concrete Svength, 4000 psi Circular Efiptical 3⁄4 3% BM «4M ~ § ~ 8% Pe Wak C Concrete Strangth, 4000 ps! Cage - 0.07 os 0.10 0.14 Reinforcement? ment? in Inner einforce-Thickness, Outer Cage Cage «29W O17 os 0.16 0.18 0.21 025 0.30 Outer có —_Esliptical Reintorce- ment Cage 0.072 c8 611 3⁄4 0.20 0.27 0.31 0.35 0.27 030 0.35 0.42 9.50 Circular Eniptical Wall 0.072 9079 3% 0.079 0.23 0.25 028 0.30 033 0.39 047 0.55 3% 4 4% 4% 5% 5% 6⁄4 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11 914 0.20 0.26 0.34 066 O77 6% 7% 6.41 0.51 a 0079 “ ¢.07° 0.25 0.31 0.46 0.57 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 008 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 015 0.22 0.29 0.38 Concrete Strength, 5000 psi 60 66 4 6% 0.59 0.69 0.35 0.41 Concrete Strength, 500° gs: 72 7% ˆ 64 10204 108 ˆ a ˆ ^ 120 128 {a2 ^ ^ ^ 144 ^ 138 0/88 - ~ on vi - ˆ a “ A TY 8% 0.81 0.71 0.37 0.43 0.68 0.79 a + _ ws on 8% Ta va 0.85 0.53 0.94 a a a Aa 14 047 ~ _ A a a a se a a - A ws “For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with tie pennission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C 655 Steel areas may be interpolated between those shown for variations in diameler, loading, or wall thickness Pipe over 96 in in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage As an attemative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in sither of the following manners: An inner circular cage plus an eliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in ine tabte and the ‘ota! area of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shail not be less than that specified for the inne: cage in the tabie, An inner and outer cage plus quadrare mats in accordance with Fig 1, or An inner and outer cage plus For Walt C in sizes 24 ta 33 Elliptical and quadrant steel For these classes and sizes, + } ' ; ị I Ị i an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig in, a single circular cage with an area not less than ‘he sum of Ine spacified inner and outer circular reinforcament areas musi ba held in place by Means of notding rods, chairs, or other positiva means throughout the entire casting operation lhe minimum practical steel reinforcement is specitied, Design 7.1 Design Tables—-The diameter, wail thickness, compres- sive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumfercntal reinforcement shall be as prescribed for Classes I to V in Tables 1-5, except as provided in 7.2 7.1.1 Footnotes to the tables herein are intended to he amplifications of tabulated requirements and are to be considered applicable and binding as if they were contained in the body of the specification 7.2 Modified and Special Designs: 7.2.1 If permited by the owner the manufacturer may : ipyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials le Mar 02 11:44:00 1999 request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ from the designs in 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads beyond those shown in Tables 1-5, 7.1, or special designs for pipe sizes that not have steel reinforcement areas shown in Tables 1-5 of 7.1 ° 7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and cracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to the owner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1 The descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area type twxeeộ STD-ASTM CPL-ENGL | 1998 0755510 Db3t50b b0? E8 sage ib c 76 than 2% in., the protective cover of the concrete Gueerent over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be % 1n oa | | Ar - Top Midge >> 8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement, each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement iin the wall of the pipe shall be ] in 8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wallthick- nesses 2'4 in or greater, the reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be | in from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diameter and | in from the outer surface of the pipe atthe horizontal diameter In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall thicknesses less than 21 in., the protective covering of the concrete shall be % in at the vertical and horizontal diameters 8.1.4 The location of the reinforcement shall be subject to the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5 8.1.5 The spacing center to center of circumferential reineen: in a cage shall not exceed in for pipe up to and ncluding pipe having a 4-in wall thickness nor exceed the wall thickness for larger pipe, and shall in no case exceed in 8.1.6 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the last circumferentia! from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the spigoi shall be in except that if this distance exceeds one-half | the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linear foot times the Jaying length of the pipe section The minimum cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shalt be in 8.1.6.1 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot the minimum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1⁄2 in in the bel! or % in in the spigot 8.1.7 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the pipe, except that when agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes may be provided in each pipe for the purpose of handling 8.1.8 If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and deformed cald-worked wire, and 40 diameters: for plain bars rT and cold-drawn wire In addition, where lapped cages of welded-wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall contain a longitudinal wire §.1.8.1 When splices are welded and are not lapped to the Minimum requirements above pull tests of representative specimens shal] develop at least 50 % of the minimum specified strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum lap of in For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative speciméns shall develop at least 75% of the minimum specified strength of the steel 8.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement—Each line of circumferentia] reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage that shall contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members, to maintain the reinforcement in shape and in position within the form to comply with permissible variations in 8.1 The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, or spacers that have been used : Might by the American Society For Testing a Materials Yar 02 11:14:06 1999 em } Nore The total reinforcement area (Asi) of the inner cage plus the quadrant mat in Quadrants { and_2 shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables to Nore 2—The total reinforcement area (Aso) of the outer cage plus the Nore 3—The reinforcement area (A’si) of the inner i cage inQuadranis Note 4—The reinforcement area (A'so} of the outer cage in Quadrants Nore 5—If the reinforcement area (A’so) of the outer cage in Quad- quadrant mat in Quadrants and shall nat be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables Ì to a and shall be not less than 25 % of that specified for the inner cage ir Tables to 5, and shall be not less than 25 % of that specified for the outer cage in Tables to 5, rants | or is less than 50 % of that specified for the outer cage in Tables to 5, the quadrant mats used for the outer cage in Quadrants3 and shall extend into Quadrant | and not less than a distance equal to the wall thickness as specified in Tables to FIG Quadrant Reinforcement to position the cages during the placement of the concrete shall not be a cause for rejection 8.3 Joint Reinforcemeni—The length of the joim as used herein means the inside length of the bell or the outside Jength of the spigot from the shoulder to the end of the pipe section The end distances or cover on the end circumferential shall apply to any point on the circumference of the pipe cr joint When convoluted reinforcement is used, these distances and reinforcement areas shall be taken from the points on the convolutions closest to the end of the pipe section Unless otherwise permitted by the owner, the following requirements for joint reinforcement shall apply 8.3.1 Joint Reinforcement for Non-Rubber Gasket Joints: 8.3.1.1 For pipe 36 in and larger in diamcter, either the bell or spigot shall contain circumferential reinforcement This reinforcement shall be an extension of a wall cage, or may be a separate cage of at least the area per foot of that specified for the outer cage or one-half of that specified for single cage wall reinforcement, whichever is less 8.3.1.2 Where bells or spigots require reinforcement, the maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be one-half the length of the joint or in., whichever is less 8.3.2 Joint Reinforcement for Rubber Gasket Joints: 8.3.2.1 For pipe !2 in and larger in diameter, the bell ends shall contain circumferential reinforcement This reinforcement shall be an extension of the outer cage or a single wall STP.ASTH C?b=EN6L =n 3998 0759530 Ob44505 770 Gil “& C76 i ` aatwee TABLE & Deeign Requirements for Class V Relntrced Concrete Pipe” Nore t-—See Section for basis of acceptance specified by the owner ‘The strength test requirements in pounds-force per lincar foot of pipe under the three-cdge-bearing methed shall be cither the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force por linear foot per foot-of diameter) to produce a 0.01 in crack, or the D-toaids to produce the 0.01 in, crack and the ultimate load as specified below, multiplied by the intemal diameter of the pipe in feet ị 3000 D-toad to produce a 0,01-in crack loa to produce the uttimate load in Wail Thickness, sa in, 12 a 18 Ta AE e9 Circular Reinforcement? inner Cage a 15 a 24 z 30 a 4 a 36 - ~ oe 42 48 54 60 4 72 78 ob a 66 90 + 98 402 106 14 120 126 182 138 ^ a ^ 2 144 Ir) Wat B Concrats Streogth, 6000 pel Diameter, uM) Reinforcement, in.2Ainaar fl of pipe wall Wall A De “ +, Outer Cage ENRpdcal ~ - ~ ~ “ ~ in, 9.14 2w “ ~~ on 4% OA 0.60 0.73 ~ “ ¬ a OM A OA " ` - - „ - ~ - ~~ a Cage Reinforce: ~ - 0.50 0.30 a - 0.16 O87 081 ~ ~ - ~ -~ ow oo” - ~ 1 a oe “ - aw aw o ~ in Inner Ms 3% Cage Outer Cage 0.10 a 0.07 0.08 an 0.14 8⁄4 8% OM % 0.36 0.47 0.58 0.70 0922 9.28 0.35 0.42 Th 4 asa ~ Th TA tA a a a 2 a a ment® 0.079 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.23 4% Etiptical Reinforce- 0.079 3⁄4 3% 4⁄4 4w O56 0.38 0.44 ~ Reinforcement? 021 024 042 046 O51 Circular Wall Thickness, ment we! = | ow! 023 025 0.28 ~ OA 4A A 4 Outer ENptcal we 9.18 024 0.30 0.38 941 0.46 w= = 0.10 3⁄% a% &% ~ - = Cage - - inner ~ oo on “ ~ Reinforcement? Thickness, —-——— ——-_ ment - on Wall C Concrate Strangth, 6000 pal Crouar Wall Reinforce- ¬ a ' Concrete Streqgth, 6000 pel - ” a a 760 0.27 0.84 = os ~ - 0.16 0.50 ` 0,88 “ = a I on 018 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 082 0.64 0.78 0.83 1.40 “ “ a a we ~ me ~ For modified or special designs see 7.2 of with the permission of the owner ublize the provisions of Specification C 655 Steel areas may be Interpolaled between those shawn for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness Pipa over 06 in in diameter shal have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage As an alternative to designe requiring both Inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following :nanners: An Inner clreular Cage plus @n elliptical cage such that the area of the eliiptical cage shai not be jess than thal specifiad for the outer cage in tha table the total area of fhe Inner clrcutar cage plus the efiptical cage ahall not be less than thst spectied for te inner’cage in the table, An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mate in-accordence with Fig 1, oF An Inner and outer cage plus an etiptical cage in accordance with Fig Srp! ent gmdate ut eh place by ens hg To cae, EM Foie rere tưoigtoi4 H9 cung eran, °For theos classes ani sizes, te minimum practical steel reinforcement Is specified placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein- forcement 7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design Such proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge- bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owner or, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof tests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed design 7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance ment per unit lengths of pipe & Reinforcement 8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement—A line of circumferential reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than in or three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of7 in or greater ‘The tayers shal ot be separated by more than the thickness of on lóngitudinal plus 1⁄4 in The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage All other specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement with - in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this method of described by adjectives, such as cross-section or single wire, it shall be understood to be the cross-sectional area of reinforce- shall be placed from 35 to 50 % of the wall thickness from the inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses less requirements Section specified by the owner in accordance 7.3 Area—-In this specification, when the word area is not fright by the American Society For Testing & Materials Yar 02 11:14:03 1999 fabricating a line of reinforcement „8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it ST?P.ASTH C?b~ ENGL BA 0759530 0634507 S43 eal 1498 (h c76 Top ‡ † i ' Outer Cireular Cage Elliptical Cage _ inner Circular Cage â! 6đ Note 1105 1The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables Nore 2——The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shail not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables 1to5 FIG Triple Cage Reinforcement | cage, whichever is less, or may be a separate cage of at least the same area per foot with longitudinals as required in 8.2 Ifa separate cage is used, the cage shall exténd info the pipe with ' the last circumferential wire at least one in -past the inside shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the joint 8.3.2.2 Where bells require reinforcement, the maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1% in Joints 9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid _ together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the " permissible variations given in Section 12 Ons Manufacture 10.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, pro- | portioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification Ali concrete shall have a watef-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 aod shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 Ib/yd? unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonsiraté ‘that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification 10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any other “method or combination of methods will give satisfactory results The sufficient length of time ’so that the when acceptance is based on 5.1.1 approved by the owner, that pipe shall be cured for a specified D-load is obtained or so that the concrete will develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less when acceptance is based on 5.1.2 đưnght by the American Society For Testing & Materials vực n2 44:71:45 2800 10.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe may be placed in a curing chamber, free of outsidé drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe 10.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be water-cured by covering with water saturated material or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical spriniders, po:ous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe micist durin she specified curing period 10.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, es:nbine the methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 provided the required concrete compressive strength is attained 10.2.4 A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C 309 may be applied and should be left intact until the required strength requirements are met The concrete at the time of application shall be within 10°F of the atmospheric temperature All surfaces shal] be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied 11 Physical Requirements 1L1 Test Specimens—The specified number of pipe required for the tests shall be furnished without charge by the manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specification, The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner when placing’ the order 11.2 Number and Type of Test Required for Various Delivery Schedules:"* 11.2.1 Preliminary Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules—An owner of pipe, whose needs require shipments STD-ASTM C7b-ENGL 1998 0759530 Ob+4S508 4ST a) c 76 at intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as are required by the type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5, of not more than three sections of pipe covering each size in which he is interested 11.2.2 Additional Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules— After the preliminary tests described in 11.2.1, an owner shall be entitled to additional tests in such numbers and at such times as he may deem necessary, provided that the total number of pipe tested (including of the pipe delivered 11.3 External Load 11.3.1 The load to load, as determined preliminary tests) shall not exceed % Crushing Strength: produce a 0.01-in crack or the ultimate by the three-edge-bearing method as described in the Test Methods C 497 shall be not less than that prescribed in Tables 1-5 for each respective class of pipe Pipe that have been tested only to the formation of a 0.01-in crack and that meet the 0.0!-in crack load requirements shall be accepted for use Three-edge-bearing test to ultimate load is not required for any class of pipe 60 in or less in diameter listed in Tables 1-5 provided all other requirements of this specification are met Note 3—As used in this specification, the O.0l-in crack is a test criterion for pipe tested in the three-edge-bearing test and is not intended an indication of overstressed or faited pipe under installed conditions ị ị 11.3.2 Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the External Load Crushing Strength Requirements—Pipe shall be considered as meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens conform to the strength requirements Should any of the test specimens fai! to mect the strength requirements, the manufacturer shall be allowed a retest on two additional specimens for each specimen that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of the retest specimens meet the strength requirements CONCRETE TESTING 11.4 Type of Specimen—Compression tests determining concrete compressive strength may be made on cither standard rodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and cured in like manner as the pipe, or on cores drilled from the pipe 11.5 Compression Testing of Cylinders: 11.5.1 Cylinder Preduction—Cylinders shall be prepared in accordance with Section 11 of Test Methods C 497 11.5.2 Number of Cylinders—Prepare no fewcr than five test cylinders from a group (one day's production) of pipe sections ¬ 115.3 Acceptability ‘on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results: 11,5.3.1 When the compressive strengths of all cylinders tested, for a group are equal to or greater than the design 14.5.3.3 When the compressive strength of the cylinders tested does not conform to the acceptance criteria stated in 11.5.3.1 or 11.5.3.2, the acceptability of the group shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of 11.6 11.6 Compression Testing of Cores: 11.6.1 Obtaining Cores—Cores shall be obtained and pre- pared in accordance with Section of Test Methods C 497 11.6.2 Number of Cores—One core shall be taken from a pipe section selected at random from each day's production run of a single concrete strength 11.7 Acceptability on the Basis of Core Test Results: 11.7.1 When the compressive strengths of cores tested for a group of pipe sections is equal to or greater than the design concrete slrength, the compressive strength of the concrete for the group is acceptable Concrete represented by core tests shall be considered acceptable if: (/) the average of three cores is equal to at least 85 % of the specified strength, and (2) no Single core is less than 75 % of the specified strength 11.7.2 If the compressive strength of the core tested is less than the design concrete strength, the pipe section from which that core was taken may be recored If the compressive strength of the recore is equal to or greater than the design concrete compressive strength, the compressive strength of the concrete for the group is acceptable 11.7.3 If the compressive strength of the recore is less than the design concrete strength, the pipe section from which the core was taken shall ‘be rejected Two pipe sections from the remainder of the group shali be selected at random and one core shall be taken from each pipe section If the compressive strength of both cores is equal to or greater than the design concrete compressive strength, the concrete compressive strength of the remainder of the group shall be acceptable, If the compressive strength of either of the two cores tested is 1 13.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of imper- fections in manufacture or damage during handling and will be and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and maximum of % in for 90-in internal diameter or larger, except ge 13 Repairs 122 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary more than shown in the design or specitied wall by more than +5% $° used, the inner cage nominal area may vary to the lower limit of 85% of the elliptical nominal area and the outer cage nominal area may vary to the lower limit of 51% of the elliptical nominal area provided that the total nominal area of the inner cage plus the outer cage shall not vary beyond the lower limit of 140 % of the elliptical nominal area STD.ASTM C?b-ENGL 3998 &3 0759510 0644536 038 ih c76 The American Sociaty for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any Rem mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised tial determination of the valiotty of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility, This standard is subject to revision at any bme by the responsible techincal committees and must be reviewed evary five years and if not revised, eithar reapproved or withdrawn Your comments ara invited elthar for revision of tis standand of for additional standanis and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters Your comments will receive careful consideration at a moating of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend If you feel that your comments have not received a {air hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 ị‡ : | i ¬ ‡ “Copyright by the American Society For Testing & Materials “Tue Mar 02 11:14:32 1999 ,