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　　　 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS 06100 DIVISION Concrete Works Table of Contents 06100 - Concrete and Concrete Structures ………………….……… …… … … 06200 – Precast Concrete Piles ………………………… ……….………….… … 06210 – Cast-In-Situ Pile ………………………………………… …………….… 06220 – Prestressed Concrete Reinforcing Steel …………………………………… ……………… 06400 – ………………………………………… ……………… 06500 – Portland Cement Concrete pavement ………………… ……………… 06800 – Bridge Bearings ………………………………………… ……………… 06900 – Waterproofing ………………………………………… ……………… 06910 – Expansion Joint …………………………………………… ……………… 06920 – Borings for Pile Bearing Capacity ………………….…… ……………… 06950 – Concrete Box Culverts ……………….…… ……………………………… GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 　　　　　 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 SECTION 06100 CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES Description Reference Standards Construction Requirements 3.1 Materials for Concrete 3.1.1 General 3.1.2 Portland Cement 3.1.3 Water for Concrete Mixing and Curing .7 3.1.4 Aggregates 3.1.5 Admixtures 3.2 Concrete Classes 10 3.2.1 Approved Mix Design .12 3.2.2 Water - Cement Ratio .13 3.2.3 Adjustments during Progress of Work 13 3.2.4 Contents of Chloride and Sulphate 14 3.2.5 Submittals 14 3.3 Formwork 15 3.3.1 Design 15 3.3.2 Type of Formwork .16 3.3.3 Construction of Formwork 16 3.4 Concreting 18 3.4.1 General 18 3.4.2 Batching 19 3.4.3 Mixing and Delivery 20 3.4.4 Concrete Consistency 21 3.4.5 Pumping 21 3.4.6 Placing and Compacting 22 3.4.7 Placing of Concrete in or Under Water .23 3.4.8 Weather Precautions 24 3.4.9 Continuity of Concrete Work 24 3.5 Joints 24 3.5.1 General 24 3.5.2 Construction Joints 25 3.5.3 Bonded Construction Joints 25 3.5.4 Non-Bonded Construction Joints .26 3.5.5 Expansion Joints 26 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 3.6 Concrete Finishing 27 3.6.1 Finishing Concrete Surfaces .27 3.6.2 Remedial Treatment of Finished Surfaces 28 3.6.3 Fixing of Ironwork .28 3.6.4 Reconstruction of Faulty Work 28 3.7 Curing 28 3.7.1 Supplying Additional Moisture 28 3.7.2 Preventing Moisture Loss 28 3.7.3 Waterproof Paper .29 3.7.4 Plastic Sheets 29 3.7.5 Curing Compounds 29 3.8 Precast Concrete 30 3.8.1 Materials 30 3.8.2 Fabrication 30 3.9 Quality Control of Concrete 31 3.9.1 General 31 3.9.2 Technicians at Mixing Plant 31 3.9.3 Technician at Site .32 3.9.4 Sampling of Mixed Concrete 32 3.9.5 Compressive Strength Testing 32 3.10 Acceptances Test and Tolerances 33 3.10.1 Strengths 33 3.10.2 Dimensions 34 Measurement and Payment 38 4.1 Method of Measurement 38 4.2 Basis of Payment 39 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 SECTION 06100 - Concrete and Concrete Structures Description This Specification Section consists of the supply of concrete mixes of different classes, transport and placement for all concrete and concrete constructions in conformity with the lines, grades and cross sections shown on the Drawings or as required by the Engineer The bellow figure shows the applicable payment factors for each of structures: Figure for Payment Reference only) Item (for Steel Hand Rail; 07210 Water Roof: 06900 Expansion 06910 Concrete 06100 Joint; Hand Rail; RC Slab ; 061400 Cross Beam; 06100 Bearing ; 06800Prestreed Beam & Concrete Form ; 06220 Cross Head ; Pier ; 06100 Reinforcing 06100 Steel ; 06400 Footing or Pile Cap 06100 Approach 06100 Slab: Box Culvert 06950 ; ; Wing Wall ; 06100 Precast Concrete Pile 06200/ Cast-in-Situ Pile ; 06210 Apron ; 06100 Reference Standards The following Standards in their latest edition shall be particularly applied to the works covered by this Specification AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO M115 AASHTO M6 M33 M80 M85 Fine Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete; Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type) Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete; Portland Cement; Asphalt for Damp-proofing and Waterproofing; Primer for Use With Asphalt in GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 Damp-proofing and DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 M116 Waterproofing; AASHTO Coal-Tar Pitch for Roofing, Damp-proofing, and Waterproofing; M118 AASHTO Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete; M148 AASHTO Preformed Sponge Rubber and Cork Expansion Joint Fillers for M153 Concrete Paving and Structural Construction; AASHTO Burlap Cloth made from Jute or Kenaf; M182 AASHTO T22 Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; AASHTO T23 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field; AASHTO T96 Resistance to Abrasion of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Use of the Los Angeles Machine; AASHTO Slump of Portland Cement Concrete; T119 AASHTO Mass per Cubic Meter, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of T121 Concrete; AASHTO Moisture-Density Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures; T134 AASHTO Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete; T141 AASHTO Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test; T224 ASTM C31 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field; ASTM C33 Concrete Aggregates; ASTM C39 Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; ASTM C40 Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete; ASTM C87 Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar; ASTM C88 Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate ASTM C91 Masonry Cement; ASTM C94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete; ASTM C109 Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in or 50-mm Cube Specimens); ASTM C123 Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate; ASTM C136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates; ASTM C138 Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete; ASTM C143 Slump of Portland Cement Concrete; ASTM C144 Aggregate for Masonry Mortar; ASTM C150 Portland Cement; ASTM C227 Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method); ASTM C287 Chemical-Resistant Sulfur Mortar; ASTM C294 Constituents of Natural Mineral Aggregates; ASTM C295 Petrographic Examination of Aggregate for Concrete; ASTM C494 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete; ASTM C827 Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementations Mixtures; ASTM C1017 Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete; GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 ASTM C1077 Laboratories Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Laboratory Evaluation GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 Construction Requirements 3.1 Materials for Concrete 3.1.1 General (a) Materials that not comply with the requirements of this Specification shall be rejected by the Engineer and shall be removed immediately from the Site of the Works unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer (b) Samples of all materials to be used in the mix shall be submitted to the Engineer for testing and such samples shall be tested in the site laboratories as directed by the Engineer (c) No materials forming any part of this mix shall be delivered to the Site before the Contractor receives prior approval of the Engineer for such materials (d) Verification of mix designs with trial mixes prepared from the same source(s) shall be done to receive the approval of the Engineer (e) All storage sites shall be restored to their original condition at the Contractor’s expense prior to the acceptance of Work 3.1.2 Portland Cement (a) Cement shall be Portland cement Type I, complying in all respects with ASTM C150 (AASHTO M85) However, the Contractor may propose using of other type on the approval of the Engineer All cement shall be manufacturer’s standard grey cement unless otherwise specified on the Drawings One brand of cement as approved by the Engineer shall be used for all concrete works throughout the Project unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer (b) Cement shall be delivered to the Site in sealed bags or watertight barrels bearing the manufacturer’s name, cement type and the date of manufacture The source of supply of cement shall be subject to the Engineer’s approval and the Contractor shall at all times furnish the manufacturer’s test certificates and proof that the specifications have been complied with certified by an independent agency in the country of origin The Engineer has the power to reject a part or the whole of any consignment of cement if he considers it unsuitable for use in the Works (c) Bagged cement shall be stored in waterproof sheds or other such temporary buildings approved by the Engineer Storage areas shall be perfectly dry with the floors raised well above the ground The storage capacity shall correspond to the amount of concrete required for the largest units to be cast The piles shall be not more than bags high These buildings shall be used exclusively for the storage of cement, and at the completion of the Works the buildings GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 shall remain the property of the Contractor and shall be dismantled and removed, the foundations broken up and the site restored to its original condition by the Contractor 3.1.3 3.1.4 (d) Cement delivered by bulk carriers shall be stored in silos made for cement storage All operations for handling of bulk cement shall be by methods that prevent contamination of the cement The cement storage silos shall be provided with interior moisture control devices that keep the cement dry and prevent premature hydration in the silos The silos shall be provided with access ladders and entry ways so that samples can be extracted from various levels of each silo for testing purposes The silos shall be assessable by ladder or other access road in order to take cement sample at different height for every silo for testing (e) A free passage of at least one meter shall be left between the cement and the side walls of the sheds Access ways shall also be left between the stored containers of cement such that every container is visible Each consignment of cement shall be stored apart form earlier consignments and consignments shall be used in the order in which they are delivered Any consignment which has become caked or otherwise adversely affected shall be removed from the Site completely at the Contractor’s own expense (f) The Contractor shall provide weighing machines which shall be kept permanently in each shed for checking the weight of the bags or barrels of cement The Engineer shall have access at all times to the cement storage sheds Water for Concrete Mixing and Curing (a) Water for mixing concrete and curing shall comply with Standard 4506:1987 “Water for Concrete and Mortar – Technical Requirements” (b) Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Engineer, only potable water free from oil, salt, acid, sugar, vegetable or any other substance injurious to the concrete, may be used for mixing concrete and curing concrete and other products containing cement (c) The Engineer may require additional compliance testing at any time, of any water source Aggregates (a) Aggregates shall be free of substances that react deleteriously with alkali in the cement in an amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of the concrete Acceptance of aggregate will be based on satisfactory evidence furnished by the Contractor that the aggregate is free from such materials This evidence shall include GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 service records of concrete of comparable properties under similar conditions of exposure and/or certified records of tests by a testing laboratory that meets the requirements of ASTM C1077 Tests shall be made in accordance with ASTM-C227, ASTM-C287 and ASTMC295 (b) All aggregates shall consist of tough, hard, durable and uncoated particles The Contractor shall be responsible for satisfactorily processing this material to meet the requirements of these Specifications Thirty calendar days before starting work, the Contractor shall advise the Engineer of the sources of aggregates to be used to permit samples to be taken in the presence of a representative of the Engineer and the Contractor for testing before being brought to the Site Approval of the aggregate Quality and/or gradation shall not waive the responsibility of the Contractor to fabricate concrete of the strength specified (c) Aggregates shall be stored in such a way as to prevent segregation and contamination The center of the storage area shall be free of excess moisture Aggregate which has become segregated or contaminated with foreign matter during storage or handling shall be rejected and shall be removed and reprocessed and/or replaced with material of acceptable Quality Aggregates shall be stored in sufficient quantity to ensure that there is no interruption of concreting work at any time (d) Both fine and coarse aggregates shall be tested in accordance with the following standards: (e) ASTM C39 Compressive Strength ASTM C40 Organic Impurities ASTM C87 Mortar Strength ASTM C88 Soundness ASTM C123 Coal and Lignite ASTM C136 Sieve Analysis Approval of aggregates will not prevent later rejection of the same, if results of subsequent tests not reflect their compliance with the requirements of the specified standards (1) Fine Aggregate (a) Fine aggregate for Portland cement concrete shall consist of natural sand or other inert materials with similar characteristics, having hard, strong, durable particles Fine aggregate shall be clean and free from extraneous materials, clay balls, organic matter or other detrimental material in accordance with AASHTO M6 The maximum combined quantity of soluble chloride and sulphate in fine aggregate shall not exceed 1,000 ppm GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 of 163 DIVISION6 – CONCRETE WORKS Concrete and Concrete StructuresSection 06100 (b) Fine aggregate grading shall be reasonably graded and shall meet the grading requirements mentioned in Table (c) Fine aggregate shall be of such uniformity that the fineness modulus as defined in AASHTO M6 shall not vary more than 0.20 in either way from the fineness modulus of the representative samples used in the mix designs Table : Grading Requirements of Fine Aggregate Sieve Size (mm) Percent Passing by Weight （%） 9.5 100 4.75 95 - 100 2.36 80 - 100 1.18 50 - 85 0.600 25 - 60 0.300 - 30 0.150 - 10 (2) Coarse Aggregate (a) Coarse aggregate shall be crushed aggregate for reinforced concrete works and non-reinforced concrete works and shall be homogeneous, clean, free from extraneous materials, clay lumps, organic matter, and alkaline and detrimental materials Coarse aggregate for structural concrete shall meet the requirements of AASHTO-M80 The Engineer may order that coarse aggregate be washed if it is unclean, or may reject any material that does not comply with this Specification Section (b) The quarry from which coarse aggregate is to be obtained shall be approved by the Engineer before the material is delivered to the Site of the Works (c) Coarse aggregate shall meet the requirements of ASTM C33 (d) Coarse aggregate shall be reasonably graded and compliance with specifications in Table – Aggregate Requirements (e) The percentage of wear of the aggregate shall not be greater than 50 as determined by AASHTO-T96 Coarse aggregate shall withstand at least five cycles of immersion and drying in both sodium sulphate and magnesium sulphate solutions, as prescribed in the soundness test, and shall show an average weight loss of not more than 15 percent Table GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 06100 10 of 163