TOPIC FACTORS AFFECTING NON PERFORMING LOANS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 2010 2019

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ECONOMETRICS REPORT TOPIC: FACTORS AFFECTING NON-PERFORMING LOANS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 2010-2019 CLASS ID: KTEE310.1 Lecturer: Dr Vũ Thị Phương Mai Members: Nguyễn Hà Vy - 1234567654323456 2014340215 Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo - 2345432123456787654 2014340209 Đỗ Thị Thu Hương - 234567uy5456u 2014340204 1234567876543 Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng -2014340213 Hanoi, 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………… …… INTRODUCTION……………………………… …………………………… …… 2 Rationale of the study…………………… ……………………… …… … Research methodology… ……………… ……………………… ……… … Goals and Purpose… ……………… ……………………… …… … … Research subject and scope………… ……………………… ….… ……… The structure of report………… ………………….…… ….…… ……… SECTION 1: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC ………….…………………………… 1.1 Overview about commercial bank………….……………………… ……… 1.2 Overview about non-performing loans………….…………………………… 1.3 The determinants affecting non-performing loans………….……………… 1.3.1 Bank-specific determinants………….…… …………………… .……… 1.3.2 Macroeconomics factors………….………………… …… ……… 11 SECTION 2: MODEL SPECIFICATION…… ……………………… ……… 15 2.1 Methodology in the study………….…….………… … ……… ……… 15 2.2 Methodology to collect and analyze the data……… …………… … 15 2.2.1 Collect the data………….… …………… ……………….………… 15 2.2.2 Analyze the data………….… …………… ……………………….… 15 2.3 Building the research model………… …….……………………….……… 20 2.3.1 Population Regression Model………….… ……………… …….……… 20 2.3.2 Sample Regression Model………….………….………… ……… …… 21 2.4 Description of the data………….……………………… ……… 21 2.4.1 Statistical description of the variables ………….……… ………… … 21 2.4.2 Correlation matrix between variables…………………………… ……… 23 SECTION 3: ESTIMATED RESULTS AND STATISTICAL INFERENCES 25 3.1 OLS regression and conclude the model…… ….……………………….… 25 3.1.1 Testing the significance of an individual regression coefficient………………………………………… …… 25 3.1.2 Testing specification error……… ……………… …… ………………… 26 3.1.3 Sample regression model and explain the results …….…………… …… 27 3.1.3.1 Explain general results………………………………… …… 27 3.3.3.2 Testing the significance of an individual regression coefficient and explain the estimated coefficient…… …… 28 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 3.2 Testing the model’s defect……………………………………………….…… 29 3.2.1 Testing multicollinearity error………………………………………….…… 29 3.2.2 Testing heteroskedasticity error……………………………………….…… 30 3.2.3 Testing autocorrelation………………………………………………….…… 30 3.2.4 Testing disturbance’s distribution……………………………………… … 31 3.3 Comparison to the literature and interpretation of result………………… 32 3.3.1 Bank Specific Determinants……………… …………………………… … 32 3.3.2 Macroeconomic determinants……………… ………………………… … 33 SECTION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………………… 34 4.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………… 34 4.2 Recommendation…………………………………………………………… 34 4.2.1 Recommendations for Vietnamese Commercial Banks …………………… 34 4.2.2 Recommendations for Governments and the State Bank of Vietnam…… 36 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… … 38 APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………… … 41 List of commercial banks … ………………………………………………… 41 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TABLE OF FIGURES Exhibit 1.1: Research model Exhibit 2.1: The distribution of some variables 16 Exhibit 2.2: The relationship between and the dependent variable (NPL) and some independent variables 17 Exhibit 2.3: Statistical description of the variables 22 Exhibit 2.4: Correlation matrix between variables 23 Exhibit 3.1: OLS regression results 25 Exhibit 3.2: Testing specification error 27 Exhibit 3.3:Testing multicollinearity 30 Exhibit 3.4:Testing heteroskedasticity 30 Exhibit 3.5: Testing disturbance’s distribution 31 TABLE OF TABLES Table 2_1: Variable description 18 Table 3_1: Testing significance of variables 25 Table 3_2: Testing significance of variables of new model and explain the estimated coefficient 28 Table 3_3: Hypothesis conclusion 41 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 ABSTRACT The term “Non-performing Loans” (NPLs) has become more common Since the 2008 global crisis, NPLs have been monitored worldwide and became systemically important NPLs are important variables on a macro scale for the financial stability as well as microscale for banks profitability itself in Vietnam.In the research, we aim to examine the determinants of Non-performing Loans (NPLs) in the Vietnamese banking system by using regression models To address the research problem, data of commercial banks in Vietnam from 2010 to 2019 were collected Macroeconomics factors such as: GDP, Inflation,Unemployment rate and bank specific factors such as: Return on equity, equity-to-asset ratio,credit growth, and previous non-performing loans are studied to analyze the effect on NPLs in 30 commercial banks in Vietnam Factors were observed and estimated by quantitative method Ordinary Least Square in order to declare the relationship between them and the rate of changes in NPLs The results show that non-performing loans this year will positively affect those in the next year In addition, a raise in average return on equity and credit growth also leads to the reduction in non-performing loans from banks Regarding macroeconomics factors, the result implies that GDP is significant and negatively affects NPLs, meanwhile inflation has positive effects related to NPLs However, inflation resulted in an insignificant relationship with NPLs contrary to our expectation The result of this research is useful to assist financial institutions and the regulators for policy formulation so as to minimize the negative effects of NPLs to the Vietnamese banking system TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 SECTION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 4.1 Conclusion In summary, analyzing the data of 30 commercial banks operating in Vietnam in the period 2010-2019 aims to study the impact of macroeconomic factors and banking characteristics on the bad debt ratio of joint stock commercial banks, the research results show that Vietnamese commercial banks in the sample have the average non-performing loans which is not too high (average value is 2.3484%) and there have been many efforts to keep the bad debt ratio smaller than the level prescribed by the State Bank (below 3%) The study also highlighted theoretical bases as well as empirical studies on the factors affecting bank non-performing loans The research results have provided important information on the effect of several factors such as bank-specific characteristics and macro-economics on NPLs The study results showed that there are only bank-specific factors including the previous year’s NPLs and only macro variables: Inflation which has a positive effect on NPLs Also, the research results also show that there are two bank-specific factors including ROE and credit growth along with a macro variable (GDP growth) that has a negative effect on NPLs Especially important factors such as unemployment rate and equity-to-asset ratio hurts NPLs but it is not statistically significant Based on that, the article proposes several policy implications in selecting factors with the aim of both controlling loan risks and reducing bad debt, contributing to improving the efficiency of bank operations in particular and the banking system in general 4.2 Recommendation The study on determinants of NPLshas greatly affected not only the state policies in general but also the bank administrators in particular If NPLs in Vietnam Banks increase, businesses, borrowers will find it hard to access bank loans to ensure production and business activities as well as family spending, this will make it difficult for the economy to develop stably Based on the research results to reduce NPL for banks, the authors mentioned some related policy implications for commercial banks and the State Bank of Vietnam 4.2.1 Recommendations for Vietnamese Commercial Banks - Accelerating debt recovery With respect to commercial banks, NPLs of the prior year have a constructive impact on NPLs of the next year, and joint-stock commercial banks must manage credit risk in line with asset size which is constantly increasing over time 34 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 ● Vietnamese commercial banks need to set up a task force to collect debts methodically and scientifically, ensuring a balance between profit and risks to reduce bad debts ● In case, customers are late paying debts due to their insolvency or lack of cooperation, banks should coordinate with functional agencies to handle them according to regulations ● Continue to quickly handle outstanding debts by selling collateral; actively collect debts from customers; debt extension, loan restructuring, debt reassessment; sell debt to debt trading companies or use risk provisions to handle - Ensure sustainable credit growth It is of great importance that the NPL be checked to ensure that investors in the banking industry are not discouraged from investing or even divert their investments  That a standard be set on the minimum value of collateral in relation to the amount of money being loaned to a customer ● There should be electronic platforms to check if an asset has been used as collateral by a customer to lend money from other sources (fund providers) This can be done by strengthening the risk reduction and monitoring processes, learning from global banks with strong experience in risk management Indeed, banks need to ensure sustainable credit growth, which is reflected in close supervision in the appraisal stage, credit granting decisions as well as post-credit monitoring ● Banks should avoid excessive credit granting, lowering credit standards; It is necessary to develop and clearly define the risk appetite, thereby actively building a credit portfolio with the expected distribution proportions and choosing the appropriate plan with profit goals and loss tolerance of the bank ● Really interested in the control of loans after disbursement in a practical way such as reviewing and improving the cross-supervision processes within the bank for loans, making good use of information technology information, which can help banks identify problem loans - Control Macroeconomic variables  The macro factors really affect the credit granting activities and debt repayment ability of customers Macro variables are often beyond the control of commercial banks Therefore, banks need to proactively respond to changes in the economy to preserve their assets  Banks need to pay more attention to macro variables This not only helps banks proactively respond to shocks of the economy, but also helps banks forecast risk 35 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 provisions From there, banks can come up with reasonable development strategies, both ensuring profitability and preserving the bank's assets - Improve business performance  Improve business performance reflected in indicators such as ROE  First of all, it brings benefits for the shareholders of the banks, thereby not only attracting investment from investors in the stock market, but also creating a prestige in the market, which attract customers to the bank and reduce the bad debt ratio 4.2.2 Recommendations for Governments and the State Bank of Vietnam ● From the findings of this research, several suggestions for the management of the State Bank of Vietnam(SBV) are recommended ● First, the SBV should have an appropriate monetary policy to control inflation at a reasonable level with the goal of stimulating economic development and reducing bad debts.Therefore, Vietnam needs to apply macro-financial policies and tools to stabilize the economy and avoid falling into a recession or crisis that will increase bad debt in the banking sector Furthermore, Vietnam should also soon approach and apply Basel standards to risk management to improve the competitiveness of the Vietnamese commercial banking system in order to understand the rules of bad debt and reduce the risk of bad debt in the 4.0 period ● Second, the SBVneeds to require banks to implement a uniform interest rate policy as well as reduce costs to reduce lending rates and contribute to reducing bad debts ● Third, a very important issue is that the SBVneeds to coordinate closely with joint-stock commercial banks to actively build institutions and strategies to deal with bad debts in the long term and transparency in public dealing with bad debts,being ready to eliminate weak-performing banks from the industry to reduce bad debts and reduce instability to the national finance ● The Government needs to maintain stable economic growth Economic growth will help generate business performance, generate returns for investors, and increase individual and institutional income in the economy, resulting in improved ability to pay interest loans and debts of borrowers, thereby reducing the bad debt ratio of banks.On the contrary, if the banking system can minimize 36 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 the bad debt ratio, it will reduce operational risks; A healthy operating system is a capital transmission channel that promotes economic growth In general,improvement in the economy of the country increases the capability of the borrower due to increase in income thus the borrower is able to repay the debts, and subsequently increase the financial stability which is the key to lower NPLs figures 37 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019TOPIC.FACTORS.AFFECTING.NON.PERFORMING.LOANS.OF.COMMERCIAL.BANKS.IN.VIETNAM.IN.THE.PERIOD.2010.2019 REFERENCES Abbas, S., Nguyen, V C., Yanfu, Z Y., & Nguyen, H T (2020) The Impact of China Exchange Rate Policy on its Trading Partners: Evidence Based on the GVAR Model Journal of Asian Finance, Economics 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