IMPACTS OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IMPACTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA Group 10 Lecturer: Ph D Hoang Xuan Binh Group Members: Đinh Lê Quỳnh Thu - 2013280034 Kiều Yến Ngọc - 2013280025 Vương Minh Ngọc - 2012280027 Trương Đức Huy - 2012280016 Nguyễn Thị Yến Phương - 2013280029 Nguyễn Ngọc Hải - 2012280014 Nguyễn Thu Hoài - 2013280015 Ha Noi, – 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION Rationale of the topic: Purpose of the paper: Scope of research: II BACKGROUND: Overview of the Indian tourism industry before Covid-19 1.1 Indian inbound tourism 1.2 Indian outbound tourism 1.3 Indian domestic tourism Overview of the Covid-19 pandemic in India III THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM SECTOR: Transportation 1.1 Aviation 1.2 Road transport 1.3 Railway 1.4 Maritime Transport Accommodation 2.1 Serviced Accommodation 2.2 Self-serviced Accommodation 10 Food and Beverage: 11 3.1 The overall impact of COVID-19 on F&B industry 11 3.2 The impacts of COVID-19 on F&B industry during the lockdown 12 3.3 The impacts of COVID-19 on F&B industry after reopening 12 Travel companies and travel agents 13 4.1 Overview about travel companies during the COVID-19 pandemic 13 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA 4.2 Impacts of temporary closures due to travel restrictions 13 4.2.1 Booking cancellation and visa suspension 13 4.2.2 The unemployment 14 Recreation and attractions 15 5.1 Recreation 15 5.1.1 Mobility trends 15 5.1.2 Cricket 15 5.2 Attractions 16 5.2.1 Religious Tourism 16 5.2.2 Centrally Protected Ticketed Monuments 17 IV POLICY IMPLICATION: 17 Fiscal policy and stimulus package 18 Monetary policy and taxation 18 Other latest supporting policies 19 V CONCLUSION 20 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA I INTRODUCTION Tourism is one of the most essential factors in the success of many economies around the world It increases the economy's earnings while also enhancing the country's value, and identity The importance of tourism in India stems from the benefits it provides With a ranking of 7, India accounted for 4.97 percent of international visitor arrivals in the Asia Pacific Region in 2019 (tourism.gov.in, n.d.) Coronaviruses (CoV) are a broad family of viruses that cause symptoms ranging from the common cold to more serious diseases like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV On December 31, 2019, China notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of instances of pneumonia with an unknown cause discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China The first case of COVID-19 infection was reported in Kerala, India, on January 27, 2020, when a 20-year-old woman with a one-day history of dry cough and sore throat presented to the Emergency Department of General Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala (Andrews et al., 2020) On January 30, 2020, the National Institute of Virology announced her oropharyngeal swab result as positive for COVID-19 infection COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the tourism industry in India The difference between two-year trends (2019–2020) can be seen in table (Chandel, Kanga and Singh, 2021) Figure 1: Comparison of Tourism Loss During April - December (2019 - 2020) The tourism industry is the greatest revenue-generating; however, it is seeing a decline owing to the pandemic effect As a result, the crisis provides a chance for the Indian government to reconsider how tourism interacts with other economic sectors, with the goal of better measuring and managing it while keeping to the primary goal of reviving the tourism industry IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Rationale of the topic Tourism has long been recognized as a powerful prerequisite for economic growth, particularly for a globally fifth-largest economy The lockdown in India has shaken the economy by hitting different economic sectors, especially the tourism industry, which has collapsed over the days Purpose of the paper Give an overall picture of India’s tourism and evaluate the risk of the pandemic on this industry Scope of research The subject of research: Tourism industry in India affected by the pandemic Period of research: The research consists of data collected in 2020-2021 II BACKGROUND: Overview of the Indian tourism industry before Covid-19 1.1 Indian inbound tourism According to the World Tourism Organization, the inbound tourism expenditure as a share of GDP was 1.1 percent in 2019 Foreign Tourist Arrivals in India increased by 2.8% (10.93 million) in 2019 Overall, India welcomed 28.9 million visitors including Non-resident Indians living abroad who visited India for various purposes (Yogendra Tripathi, 2020) India has been the destination of many foreign tourists In 2019, the most important source markets for Foreign tourist Arrivals were Bangladesh (21.37%), United States (13.80%) & United Kingdom (9.75%), Sri Lanka (3.35%) & Canada (3.32%) (Blinkvisa.com, 2020) 1.2 Indian outbound tourism India is one of the fastest-growing outbound travel markets in the world With more than 1.3 billion inhabitants (2019), India has potential for future growth in outbound tourism In 2019, almost 27 million Indian nationals departed on outbound travels from India, marking an increase from the previous year In the same year, the outbound tourism expenditure over GDP was at 1.0 percent Interestingly, since 2000, an exponential rise was seen in the number of Indian nationals traveling outside the country for leisure and other reasons (Statista, 2020) IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA According to Yogendra Tripathi (2021), top destinations for Indian Nationals’ Departure are UAE (23.72%), Saudi Arabia (10.83%) and the USA (10.72%) Additionally, India took up 4.97% of international tourist arrivals in Asia Pacific Asia in 2019, with the rank of 7th 1.3 Indian domestic tourism With a rich culture and breath-taking natural beauty, India is one of the leading tourist destinations in the world, leading to the increasingly monied middle-class of the country who are spending more time and money than ever before on domestic travel In 2017, the domestic expenditure on tourism was around 186 billion U.S dollars At the same time, the collective government spending on the tourism sector that year was about 2.61 billion dollars (Statista, 2020) In 2019, over 2.3 billion domestic tourist visits were made across India, an increase from the previous year Furthermore, an exponential rise in the local tourist visits was seen from the year 2000 to the present across the country Overview of the Covid-19 pandemic in India So far, India has undergone two main waves of Covid-19 Up to 20 September 2021, this country recognised 3,34,48,163 cases of Covid-19 and the number of deaths was 4,44,838 with 1.33% of the death rate (Government of India, 2021) The first cases of COVID-19 in India were reported on 30 January 2020, and the peak of the first wave in September 2020 with over 90,000 cases reported per-day before dropping to below 15,000 in January 2021 In March 2021, the second wave took place in India, which was much more devastating than the first, with shortages of vaccines, hospital beds, oxygen cylinders and other medical supplies in parts of the country By late April, India led the world in new and active cases On 30 April 2021, it became the first country to report over 400,000 new cases in a 24-hour period (Wikipedia, 2021) Since July 2021, India has reported 3,998 COVID-19 deaths in a single day, the country’s highest death toll in a month, indicating that a third wave is imminent, which is currently under discussion refers to a possible surge in cases at the national level (Amitabh Sinha, 2021) IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA III THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM SECTOR: Transportation 1.1 Aviation When the pandemic hit the country, all scheduled international flights and domestic passenger flights were canceled from March 23 and March 25 in 2020, respectively The impact of this disturbance can be gaged by the loss figures of India's two biggest carriers IndiGo incurred overall deficits of Rs 2,884 crore and Rs 1,194 crore in Q1 and Q2 of this fiscal respectively SpiceJet posted overall deficits of Rs 600 crore and Rs 112 crore in Q1 and Q2, respectively Due to COVID-19-related restrictions on flights in 2020-2021, India’s domestic and international passenger traffic diminished at a CAGR of -9.02% and -28.64%, respectively, from the fiscal year 2015-2016 to 2020-21 In 2020-21, airports in India reduced by 61.7%, and freight traffic declined at a CAGR of -1.77% (According to Telangana Today article) Other wings of the aviation sector also took a hit The revenue of Indian carriers declined by 86 percent, airport operators witnessed an 84 percent drop, and Air India reported a 78 percent fall in revenue during April-June 2020, compared to April-June 2019 (Mallapur, C., 2020) Figure 1.1: The impact on aviation revenue of India during April-June 2020, over April-June 2019 Because airports are reliant on aviation operations, they are generating less money as a result of the pandemic The number of passengers passing through AAI airports decreased dramatically from 14.5 million in January 2020 to 27,687 in April 2020 After the removal of IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA cubs and restrictions post the first phase of COVID 19 and public mobility resumed picking up with 2.97 million footfalls in August 2020 However, the second wave wreaked havoc on it once more (C Mallapur, 2020) For the first time since its inception, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) has incurred losses due to a drop in traffic at various airports It registered a 65% decline in its revenue in financial year 2021, which fell from Rs 12,837 crore to Rs 4,482 crore resulting in a loss of Rs 2,814 crore as compared to a profit of Rs 1,985 crore (Chandra, J., 2021) In addition, due to high infection rates, numerous countries with whom India has bilateral agreements to conduct charter flights, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, have restricted arrivals (Shah and Freed, 2021) 1.2 Road transport COVID-related limitations cost the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) an estimated Rs 3,512.62 crore in income in 2020-21 According to Gadkari, the approximate revenue loss in fee collection at National Highways Authority of India fee plazas due to COVID-19 limitations is Rs 3,512.62 crore in Financial Year (FY) 2020-21 The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) continues to run up debt at an alarming rate The highway agency’s debt hit a new high of Rs 3.17 trillion at the end of FY21, up 27 per cent from Rs 2.49 trillion at the end of March 2020 (According to The Economic Times and Business Standard Article) Suprio Banerjee, Vice President & Sector Head, ICRA Ratings, reported that the growing momentum has been impeded by the rapid surge of Covid cases in the second wave The same is reflected by a reduction in E-way bill volumes and road freight volumes over April-May 2021 During Lockdown and 2, only to % of normal services are operational In response to government requests, 67 percent of the operators are only providing special services for medical and essential personnel 81 % of the operators reported no ridership at all (According to the UITP Statistics Brief ) IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA 1.3 Railway Traffic revenue of the Indian Railways fell by 42.3 percent in August 2020, as passenger train services were still disrupted by the Covid-19 epidemic Union Railways Minister Piyush Goyal reported that the total number of originating passengers till the end of August 2020 was a meagre 1.27% of the corresponding period in the last financial year 2019 During the coronavirus pandemic, the Indian Railways lost Rs 36,000 crore, with a loss of Rs 6,500 crore on revenue generated from ticket sales (during the first two phases of lockdown itself) (According to The Economic Times and Times of India) 1.4 Maritime Transport During April-May of FY2021, overall cargo throughput at major ports contracted by 22% Cargo segments like POL (petroleum products and liquid freight), thermal coal, and containers have all seen steep declines Non-major ports also saw a 22-24% drop in volume during this time period The terrible Covid-19 issue in India is threatening operations at several of the country's busiest ports, increasing fears that the action may cause shipping delays that will affect global supply networks After operations were "severely disrupted" by the epidemic, Karaikal Port in southern India declared force majeure until May 24, 2021, according to a post on its website The terminal, which claims to be India's largest non-state port, handles a variety of commodities including coal, sugar, and petroleum The port of Gopalpur in Odisha has also declared force majeure, according to IHS Markit According to G Veeramohan, president of the Vizagapatam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, cargo movement at Visakhapatnam Port, one of India's major maritime terminals, is also hampered after the local traders' group declared force majeure in the port region till May 19 (According to the Business Standard) According to the Government of India, the growth in container traffic at major ports in India reached 9.98 TEUs (20-ft equivalent units) in FY2020 at a growth of 1.12% year-onyear basis but declined to 4.93 TEUs during April-October 2020 due to the COVID-19-induced restrictions (Statistic provided by The Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways Report) IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Accommodation Due to the ongoing situation, travel restrictions are being observed at national and international levels These travel bans, border closures, event cancellations, quarantine requirements, and the fear of spreading disease, have set outrageous difficulties on the travel industry and especially hospitality sectors (Kaushal and Srivastava, 2021) 2.1 Serviced Accommodation According to the Economic Times, less than million foreign tourists visited India in 2020, a plunge of around 75 percent compared to the previous year, due to the travel restrictions imposed Foreign tourist arrivals in 2019 stood at 10.93 million while in 2020, the figure was only 2.68 million As of December 2020, most of the hotels in India are not fully open (Gautam, 2021) Also, it was believed that foreign tourists will not get back to India in a rush after the country’s standing as a safe destination, has taken a severe beating overseas due to the record-high Covid-19 caseload, surging death toll, and criticism over the authority’s handling of the second wave of the pandemic (Mahanta and Chaturvedi, 2021) As a result, according to the Statista Research Department, in fiscal year 2021, the occupancy rate of hotels in India was 33.8 percent, a significant drop from over 60 percent in recent years Figure 2.1.1: Occupancy rate of hotels in India from financial year 2001 to 2021 Pursuant to The Times of India, with Covid-19 restrictions being reinforced in Uttarakhand following the second wave of the pandemic, hoteliers across the Kumaon region said that the bookings for April had collapsed and many of the establishments were on the verge of closure The hoteliers assumed that after suffering huge losses during the peak tourist season last year, they could not survive if yet another summer witnessed no tourist activity IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Figure 4.1 Share of tour operators in India affected by lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic In research from Statista, in June and July 2020, seventy four percent of surveyed tour operators in India claimed that they had to close their office(s) during the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic (Statista, n.d) From the remaining who tried to keep their business somehow running, roughly nine percent invested in training their employees Only approximately ten percent of the rest could keep virtual working with their clients 4.2.2 The unemployment As many as nine millions of jobs in the travel and tourism sector, which accounted for 12,75% of Indian employment are at risk, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, if this trend continues as the Covid-19 crisis progresses, it will be a setback for the national economy (Chaitanya Mallapur, n.d) 3,500 licensed tour guides are among the worst hit with many forced to take odd jobs over the past year and a half According to Sanjay Sharma, president of Tourist Guides’ Federation of India (TGFI) “A majority of the guides are facing severe financial crisis situations consequent to cancellation of all the tours and visits to the monuments,” ((Hindustan Times, 2021) However, most travel agencies are willing to reschedule bookings without additional charges, and some operators are giving full refunds for international flight bookings to affected countries such as China, France, Italy, Iran and Japan (Reporter, n.d) 14 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Recreation and attractions Being a part of the tourism industry, the recreation and tourist attractions of India are also affected greatly by the Coronavirus 5.1 Recreation 5.1.1 Mobility trends The graph below illustrates the mobility trends of Indian people for retail and recreation places like restaurants, cafes, shopping centers, theme parks, museums, libraries, and movie theaters collected by Google from February 16 to March 29, 2020 (Google, 2020) After the lockdown announcement of the Indian government on March 24, there was a plummet of nearly 80% in the number of visits to recreation centres when comparing the period between March and the start of lockdown This was the direct consequence of COVID-19, which had clearly brought about the loss in revenue for those places Source: COVID-19 Community Mobility Report _ India_2020 Figure 5.1.1: The mobility trends of Indian people for retail and recreation places from February 16 to March 29, 2020 5.1.2 Cricket Cricket is the most popular sport in India The sport states its nationwide popularity through a large number of loyal audiences and big revenue it created Before COVID-19, in the 2016 season, according to KPMG, the estimated revenue generated by SPN from IPL was reported to be Rs 1,200 crore, a relatively high amount of money (Gera et al., 2016) The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge losses to the cricket industry of India Both the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2020 and 2021 tournaments were forced to be broadcast via virtual platforms and held without the physical presence of audiences The revenue of the 2020 season was reported to reach a high of Rs 4,000 crore (Manish, 2021) Unfortunately, in the 2021 season, after positive COVID tests of cricketers, organisers, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) had to announce the cancellation of 29 matches in the 60-match tournament, 15 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA which led to the estimated loss of half of BCCI’s revenue compared to the last season of Rs 2,000 crore (Manish, 2021) 5.2 Attractions 5.2.1 Religious Tourism India has long been known for its large number of religions worshiped within the country It has then developed the so-called religious tourism, which has contributed enormously to the success of India’s tourism industry Religious tourism asks for mass gatherings and the mental and physical interaction between people Unfortunately, this creates a complete contradiction with the existing situation of COVID-19 pandemic, which forces people to strictly obey social-distancing and other COVID-19 protocols Before the commencement of COVID-19, religious tourism had contributed greatly to the tourism industry in general The contribution was so significant that the government had allotted USD$185 million for further development of sacred tourism under two religious related schemes – the Swadesh Darshan and the Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) in the 2018-19 Union Budget In the last five-year period, the Government of India has poured in over USD$845 million to run more than 70 projects belonging to the two schemes (Ministry of External Affairs, 2019) According to the Census, there were about million places of worship all across India (Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, 2020) The number of both domestic and international tourists travelling in India for solely religious purposes before COVID-19 was remarkable Manhas and Balakrishnan Nair concluded that in 2018, around 1000 million domestic tourists travelled solely for religious purposes (2020) On the outbreak of the Coronavirus, India has faced many severe losses in its organization of religious events The country had to deal with the cancellation of worship services, the closure of all worship sites, and the cancellation of pilgrimage Therefore, all religious activities must be altered into virtual settings Religious sites and devotees have quickly adapted to the live streaming of prayer sessions through digital platforms Moreover, a series of 93 webinars, belonging to the overall theme named Dekho Apna Desh, has been organized by the Ministry of Tourism to bring tourists to the virtual world of various India’s tourist destinations (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2020) 16 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA 5.2.2 Centrally Protected Ticketed Monuments According to News18, the Ministry of Culture reported that the number of ticket sold at some of the centrally protected ticketed monuments under control of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), decreased significantly from Rs 336 crores in the period between 2019 and 2020 to over Rs 40 crores in between 2020 and 2021 that went through COVID-19 lockdowns and travel bans There was a drop of 78% in the tourists number record from crore visitors to only 1.19 crore, and a fall of 87% in revenue in 2020-2021, compared to the period between 2018 and 2019 (Singh, 2021) Taj Mahal is a famous mausoleum and a place of great tourist attraction in the Indian city of Agra It is also one of the centrally protected ticketed monuments of India Vasant Kumar Swarnkar, a Superintending Archaeologist, said that "in comparison to 2019, the tourists' footfall to Taj Mahal fell by 76 per cent in 2020 This is applicable in every sector Around 737,000 foreign tourists visited the monument in 2019 while only 182,000 visited in 2020 In case of domestic tourists, around 4,835,000 people visited the monument in 2019 while merely 1,134,000 visited in the year 2020" (Hindustan Times, 2021) According to India Today, before COVID-19, during peak season, Agra tourism recorded a large number of between 25,000-30,000 usual visitors over the weekend, and a high of 50,000 on some long weekends The approximation of Rs 2200 crores was calculated to be the loss following the closure of tourist destinations in Agra Around Rs 72 crores was estimated to be lost in terms of just the entry ticket fee (Qureshi, 2020) IV POLICY IMPLICATION: The COVID-19 pandemic is conventionally striking a huge ravage on India's economic infrastructure in general as well as tourism sector in particular, with a drastic decrease of 7.3% during April - June quarter of this fiscal year, according to The Times of India This is the worst decline ever recorded in India from 1996, which is resulting in serious socio-economic consequences such as unemployment, lackness of specialized resources to bolster the process of recovery after the pandemic In order to tackle the contentious crisis as soon as possible, the central government is working conscientiously to revive the devastated economy by establishing a slew of unprecedented fiscal and monetary policies 17 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Fiscal policy and stimulus package The Indian government announced a $22.6 billion (around 1% of the GDP) economic stimulus package to provide direct cash transfers and food security measures to millions of poor people hit by a nationwide lockdown triggered by the coronavirus pandemic (CNBC Asia Economics, 2020) This proposal was put forth two days after a 21-day nationwide lockdown was announced However, with an intent to control the spread of the deadly virus, Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended the 21-day lockdown by additional 3 weeks up to May 03, 2020 (BusinessLine, 2020b), which further leads to the urgent need for the government to announce more robust fiscal measures Many economists anticipate that a much bigger financial package should be established compared to the one earlier, of around $39 billion to address the needs of the vulnerable and affected segments of the economy (BusinessLine, 2020b) The proposed financial package emphasizes on : - Providing food security and direct bank transfers for poor households, and daily wage earners, who need immediate help (CNBC Asia Economics, 2020) - The prominence of issues such as health, hygiene, hunger, migrants, families, employees related to the deterioration of tourism suggest that the government should focus more on the demand and supply model In terms of the demand side, consumption and willingness to pay for a trip have been greatly impacted due to the loss of jobs and a decline in income levels Foreign visitors also witness the same pattern as for the strict national lockdown and fear of being infected with the virus Meanwhile on the supply side, the disruptions in production have spread across the world with no exception in India Monetary policy and taxation To further enterprise the economy suffocated by COVID-19 the Indian government also takes into account the matter of liquidity to keep the tourism rolling, which is known as the monetary measures conducted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) These decisions include: - A three-month EMI moratorium of loans and credit cards to provide relief to many borrowers as well as pave the way for tourism businesses to maintain their operations - An extension in the date for filling the income tax, for example, from 31 March 2020 to June 30 2020 and filling Goods and Services Tax (GST) returns for smaller companies 18 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA - The relaxation of the GST reconciliation obligation, which is prone to be a relief for tourism businesses to suffer from this freezing period Figure 4.2.1: Trends in GST Collection in Rs crore As can be seen from the chart, during the fiscal years under study (2020 - 2021), revenues from taxation reached a greatest low of approximately Rs 32172 in April (the month with the peak in infectious coronavirus cases), which represented an ever recorded three-time decline compared to the same period This pattern maintained within May and June before steadily recovering again throughout the end of the year In short, taxation is always considered to be an effective tool to support government expenditure and generate equity in society By imposing those tax incentives, the government budget will be affected with a cut down on revenues However, if we take a look on the long run, these innovative policies will definitely be shown to have initial influence on the step-bystep recovery of Indian tourism and provide in-field business with opportunities to arrive at the “New Normal” Other latest supporting policies Besides fiscal and monetary measures mentioned before, the Indian government also takes different immediate actions so as to improve the situation Many of them to mention as follow: 19 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA - The announcement of free tourist visas for the first lakh tourists after global air travel opens up till March 31, 2022 and will also provide financial support to more than 11,000 registered tourist guides/travel and tourism stakeholders - The provision of working capital/personal loans with 100 percent guarantee with a limit of Rs 10 lakh for travel and tourism stakeholders and Rs lakh for registered tourist guides, with no processing charges and waiver of prepayment charges - The government’s movement towards the guaranteed loan for businesses and firms to financially help them overcome this severe period “While the measures are welcome and target COVID sensitive sectors, most of the fiscal support is still below the line and in the form of loan guarantees, and not direct stimulus," said Emkay Global's lead economist Madhavi Arora V CONCLUSION Overall, COVID-19 has had a significant impact on tourism, as well as other sectors of the economy that are linked to it As the number of tourists drops drastically during the epidemic, so does employment and money along the supply chain Tourism generates a significant amount of foreign exchange earnings (FEE) for the Indian government The FEE is the revenue created by inbound foreign tourists, and a reduction in the number of foreign tourists results in a reduction in the FEE COVID-19 has an impact on the entire world, including India The tourist arrival rate in India has been severely impacted as a result of the border closure, cancellation of international flights, and a series of lockdowns 20 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA REFERENCES Andrews, M., Areekal, B., Rajesh, K., Krishnan, J., Suryakala, R., Krishnan, B., Muraly, C and Santhosh, P (2020) First confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in India: A case report Indian Journal of Medical Research, [online] 0(0), p.0 Available at: http://www.ijmr.org.in/temp/IndianJMedRes1515490-6519169_180631.pdf [Accessed 15 Sep 2021] Amitabh Sinha (2021) “Explained: Is a third wave of Covid-19 inevitable in India?” The Indian Express Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/indiacoronavirus-third-wave-covid-vaccines-oxygen-supply-7322145/ (Accessed: 19 September 2021) Billa, S (2020) Covid-19: A plan for tourism to survive, revive, thrive [online] Hindustan Times Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/covid-a-plan-fortourism-to-survive-revive-thrive/story-07EpP7FreQtXDKSs7zxkuK.html [Accessed 19 Sep 2021] Bose, M (2020) “1.5 Million Jobs Could Be Lost”: Restaurant Owners Seek Govt Aid [online] TheQuint Available at: https://www.thequint.com/news/india/millions-ofjobs-could-be-lost-restaurant-owners-seek-govt-aid#read-more.[Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Blink Visa.(2020) India Tourism Statistics 2019 [Online] Available at: https://blinkvisa.com/blog/india-tourism-statistics-2019/ (Accessed: 18 September 2021) Blog, R and transport, I., 2021 Impact of Covid-19 on the usage of public transport [online] Times of India Blog Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/creative-thoughts/impact-of-covid19-on-the-usage-of-public-transport-21917/> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Bloomberg, K., 2021 India's Covid crisis hits work at ports as risk to global trade grows [online] Business-standard.com Available at: https://www.businessstandard.com/article/economy-policy/india-s-covid-crisis-hits-work-at-ports-as-riskto-global-trade-grows-121051500122_1.html> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Chain, T., 2021 Indian road logistics rebounds in H2 FY21; to grow 6-9% in FY22: ICRA | Logistics [online] Itln.in Available at: 21 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA https://www.itln.in/indian-road-logistics-rebounds-in-h2-fy21-to-grow-69-in-fy22-ic [Accessed 23 September 2021] Chaitanya Mallapur, I com (n.d.) India’s Covid-19 lockdown may cause 38 million job losses in the travel and tourism industry [online] Scroll.in Available at: https://scroll.in/article/959045/indias-covid-19-lockdown-may-cause-38-million-joblosses-in-the-travel-and-tourism-industry [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Chandel, R.S., Kanga, S and Singh, S.K (2021) Impact of COVID-19 on tourism sector: a case study of Rajasthan, India [online] AIM Press Available at: https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/geosci.2021014?viewType=HTML&f bclid=IwAR0bpYd1lWouJcdy7fiWEj4rVHzdhkG3bAnV_8JwWKCRBn2y4mFX7sO pPqg [Accessed 15 Sep 2021] CRISIL 2021 Sector Report: Airport Infrastructure [online] Available at: https://www.crisil.com/en/home/our-analysis/reports/2017/08/sector-report-airportinfrastructure.html> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Dash, J., 2021 Covid impact: Indian ports to see 5-8% slump in cargo volumes in FY21 [online] Business-standard.com Available at: https://www.businessstandard.com/article/companies/covid-impact-indian-ports-to-see-5-8-slump-in-cargovolumes-in-fy21-120062901154_1.html> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Gautam, P., 2021 The Effects and Challenges of COVID-19 in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector in India Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Education, [online] 11, pp.43-63 Available at: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JTHE/article/view/38242/29429> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Gera, J., Jain, S., Gupta, S., Sethi, S., D’silva, S., Munshi, A., Panwala, S., Pednekar, S and Shetty, N (2016) The business of sports The Business of Sports, [online] p.32 Available at: https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/in/pdf/2016/10/The-businesssports.pdf [Accessed 18 Sep 2019] Google (2020) COVID-19 Community Mobility Report [online] COVID-19 Community Mobility Report Available at: https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/ [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Government of India (2021) IndiaFightsCorona COVID-19 Available at: https://www.mygov.in/covid-19 (Accessed: 20 September 2021) 22 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Government of India (2021) Annual Report 2019-20, Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways New Delhi: Government of India GST Revenue collection for March, 2021 (n.d.) [online] Available at: http://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/gst-statistics/GST-revenuecollection_march_2021.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep 2021] Hindustan Times (2021) Footfall to Taj Mahal dropped by 76 pc in 2020 due to Covid-19 situation [online] Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/footfallto-taj-mahal-dropped-by-76-pc-in-2020-due-to-covid-19-situation101610877961083.html [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Impact of coronavirus on Indian tourism could run into thousands of crores of rupees (2020) The Economic Times [online] 12 Mar Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/travel/impact-of-coronaviruson-indian-tourism-could-run-into-thousands-of-crores-ofrupees/articleshow/74592482.cms?from=mdr Ishwar, S (2020) Around 40% of restaurants may shut down permanently: Zomato report Business Standard India [online] 19 Aug Available at: https://www.businessstandard.com/article/companies/around-40-of-restaurants-may-shut-downpermanently-zomato-report-120081901541_1.html [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Jha, P., 2021 Covid-19 second wave: Hoteliers in Kumaon say another season of no tourist activity will leave them bankrupt | Dehradun News - Times of India [online] The Times of India Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/covid19-second-wave-hoteliers-in-kumaon-say-another-season-of-no-tourist-activity-willleave-them-bankrupt/articleshow/81901464.cms> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Kant, K., 2021 NHAI debt reaches new high of Rs 3.2 trillion; toll revenue dips 4% [online] Business-standard.com Available at: https://www.businessstandard.com/article/economy-policy/nhai-debt-reaches-new-high-of-rs-3-2-trilliontoll-revenue-dips-4-121070600014_1.html> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Kaushal, V and Srivastava, S., 2021 Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India International Journal of Hospitality Management, [online] 92 Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920302590> [Accessed 15 September 2021] 23 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Khan, Y and Farooqui, M (2021) COVID-19 Crisis | Government’s Measures To Revive Tourism Receive Mixed Reactions From The Industry [online] Moneycontrol Available at: https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/covid-19-crisisgovernments-measures-to-revive-tourism-receive-mixed-reactions-from-the-industry7096881.html [Accessed 19 Sep 2021] Manhas, P.S.Dr and Balakrishnan Nair, B (2020) Strategic Role of Religious Tourism in Recuperating the Indian Tourism Sector Post-Covid-19 International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 8(7), p.54 Mahanta, V and Chaturvedi, A., 2021 Foreign travelers may avoid India for quite a while [online] The Economic Times Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/aviation/foreign-travelers-may-avoid-india-for-quite-awhile/articleshow/82397895.cms> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Mangla, S (2021) Impact of Covid-19 on Indian economy [online] Times of India Blog Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/shreyanshmangla/impact-of-covid-19-on-indian-economy-2-35042/ [Accessed 19 Sep 2021] Manish, S (2021) IPL 2021 cancelled: BCCI, teams may lose more than Rs 3,000 crore Business Standard India [online] May Available at: https://www.businessstandard.com/article/current-affairs/ipl-2021-cancelled-bcci-teams-may-lose-morethan-rs-3-000-crore-121050400874_1.html [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Ministry of External Affairs (2019) Religious tourism offer strong opportunities [online] IndBiz | Economic Diplomacy Division Available at: https://indbiz.gov.in/religioustourism-offer-strong-opportunities/ [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Ministry Of Tourism (n.d.) Dekho Apna Desh Webinars by Ministry of Tourism | Ministry Of Tourism | Government of India [online] Ministry Of Tourism Available at: https://tourism.gov.in/whats-new/dekho-apna-desh-webinars-ministry-tourism [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Moneycontrol 2021 Here’s How COVID-19 Has Hurt The Indian Aviation Industry [online] Available at: https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/hereshow-covid-19-has-hurt-the-indian-aviation-industry-5965511.html> [Accessed 23 September 2021] NDTV.com 2021 Railways Suffered Rs 36,000 Crore Loss During Pandemic: Union Minister [online] Available at: https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/railways-suffered- 24 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA rs-36-000-crore-loss-during-covid-19-pandemic-says-union-minister-raosaheb-danve2516233> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India (2020) Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India [online] Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/ [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Portal, W.C (2021) India’s Café Coffee Day closed 67% of stores in three years [online] World Coffee Portal Available at: https://www.worldcoffeeportal.com/Latest/News/2021/September/India-s-CafeCoffee-Day-closed-67-of-stores-in-thr [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Qureshi, S (2020) Agra tourism industry lost Rs 2,200 crores in past months due to Taj closure in lockdown [online] India Today Available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/agra-tourism-industry-lost-rs-2-200-crores-inpast-6-months-due-to-taj-closure-in-lockdown-1719937-2020-09-09 [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Reporter, S (2020) COVID-19 | Small travel agencies struggle to survive The Hindu [online] 12 Mar Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/covid-19-small-travel-agenciesstruggle-to-survive/article31050729.ece [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] ReliefWeb (2021) India Reports New Spike of Nearly 4,000 COVID-19 Deaths in a Single Day as Third Wave Looms - India [Online] Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-reports-new-spike-nearly-4000-covid-19deaths-single-day-third-wave-looms (Accessed: 19 September 2021) Sharma, G.D., Talan, G and Jain, M (2020) Policy response to the economic challenge from COVID ‐19 in India: A qualitative enquiry Journal of Public Affairs [online] Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pa.2206 [Accessed 19 Sep 2021] S Lamba, M and Mohan, D., 2021 HVS Monday Musings: Homestays in India are Gaining Popularity in the Post-COVID Era [online] Hvs.com Available at: https://www.hvs.com/article/9033-hvs-monday-musings-homestays-in-india-aregaining-popularity-in-the-post-covid- 25 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA era? cf_chl_captcha_tk =pmd_rUI1aIZTll4pzCIL5hsGXV93DwcahqDb.swO6Eb _Mm4-1632397445-0-gqNtZGzNA7ujcnBszQlR> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Saluja, N., 2021 Covid-19 impact: Indian Railways' traffic revenue till August 2020 declined by 42% over last year [online] The Economic Times Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/lockdown-ledto-42-dip-in-traffic-revenue-ticket-refund-worth-rs-3371-cr-for-mar-aug-travelsrailways/articleshow/78149693.cms?from=mdr> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Shah, A and Freed, J., 2021 Analysis: Indian airlines risk consolidation, plane repossessions amid COVID-19 surge [online] Reuters Available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-airlines-risk-consolidation-planerepossessions-amid-covid-19-surge-2021-05-07/> [Accessed 23 September 2021] Singh, N (2021) Tourist Footfall, Revenue Collection for Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Other Monuments Hugely Hit By Pandemic [online] News18 Available at: https://www.news18.com/news/india/tourist-footfall-revenue-collection-for-tajmahal-red-fort-other-monuments-hugely-hit-by-pandemic-4009919.html [Accessed 18 Sep 2021] Singh, A., 2021 Hospitality sector hit hard by second wave of COVID-19; uncertainty to continue in next few quarters [online] The Week Available at: https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2021/05/26/hospitality-sector-hit-hard-bysecond-wave-of-covid-19-uncertainty-to-continue-in-next-few-quarters.html> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Statista (2021) Direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in India 2012–2028 [Online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/313665/direct-contributionof-travel-and-tourism-to-gdp-in-india/ (Accessed: 18 September 2021) Statista.(2021) Number of departures of Indian nationals 2000–2019 [Online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/207009/number-of-outbound-visits-of-indiannationals-from-india-since-2000/ (Accessed: 18 September 2021) Statista (2020) Inbound tourism expenditure as a share of GDP in India from 2008 to 2019 Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1012094/india-inbound-tourism-overgdp/ (Accessed: 17 September 2021) Statista (2021) Number of domestic tourist visits in India 2000–2018, with estimates until 2019 [Online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/207012/number-ofdomestic-tourist-visits-in-india-since-2000/ (Accessed: 18 September 2021) 26 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA Statista 2021 Aribnb India: revenue 2020 | Statista [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1229487/airbnb-indiarevenue/#:~:text=In%20financial%20year%202020%2C%20the,to%20the%20previo us%20two%20years> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Statista 2021 India: hotel occupancy rate by category 2021 | Statista [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/722857/hotel-occupancy-rate-by-category-india/> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Statista 2021 India: occupancy rate in hotels 2021 | Statista [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/206040/occupancy-rate-of-hotels-in-india/> [Accessed 15 September 2021] Statista (n.d.) India: challenges due to COVID-19 for restaurants 2020 [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1226932/india-challenges-due-to-covid-19-forrestaurants/ [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Statista (n.d.) India: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tour operators 2020 [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1199115/india-impact-of-covid-19pandemic-on-tour-operators/ [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Statista (n.d.) Topic: Travel and tourism industry in India [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/topics/2076/travel-and-tourism-industry-inindia/#topicHeader wrapper [Accessed 23 Sep 2021] Telangana Today 2021 COVID-19 had massive impact on Indian aviation sector in 2020 [online] Available at: https://telanganatoday.com/covid-19-had-massive-impact-onindian-aviation-sector-in-2020> [Accessed 23 September 2021] The Economic Times 2021 NHAI incurred revenue loss of around Rs 3,512 cr in FY'21 due to COVID restrictions: Nitin Gadkari [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/nhai-incurred-revenueloss-of-around-rs-3512-cr-in-fy21-due-to-covid-restrictions-nitingadkari/articleshow/85066592.cms?from=mdr> [Accessed 23 September 2021] The Economic Times 2021 COVID-19: Less than three million foreign tourists visited India in 2020, says government [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-less-thanthree-million-foreign-tourists-visited-india-in-2020-saysgovernment/articleshow/80648758.cms> [Accessed 23 September 2021] 27 IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA IMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIAIMPACTS.OF.COVID.19.PANDEMIC.ON.THE.TOURISM.INDUSTRY.IN.INDIA