(Luận văn) welfare policy for domestic workrs in ho chi minh city a case study in tan binh district

to tn gh MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING p ie UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS, HO CHI MINH CITY w - n ad lo FULBRIGHT ECONOMICS TEACHING PROGRAM th yj uy an lu la ip NGUYEN THU HA n va tz n oi m ll fu WELFARE POLICY FOR DOMESTIC WORKERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY, A CASE STUDY IN TAN BINH DISTRICT Public Policy Major z ht vb Code: 603114 jm k MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY THESIS om an Lu Dr JONATHAN R PINCUS l.c gm ADVISOR n va re y te th HO CHI MINH CITY - 2011 to tn CONTENTS gh p ie CERTIFICATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii w n ABSTRACT iii ad lo ABBREVIATIONS iv th LIST OF FIGURES v yj LIST OF TABLES vi uy la ip CHAPTER - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement an lu 1.2 Research questions of the study n va 1.3 The object, scope and purpose of the study m ll fu 1.4 Research Methods 1.5 The structure of the study n oi CHAPTER - LITERATURE REVIEW tz 2.1 Relevant Concepts 2.2 Theoretical background z vb 2.2.1 Demand for domestic workers in Vietnam ht 2.2.2 Supply of domestic workers in Vietnam jm 2.2.3 Theoretical background k gm 2.3 Empirical studies l.c 2.3.1 The number of domestic workers all over the world om 2.3.2 The situation of domestic workers 10 Lu 2.3.3 Policies to protect the rights of domestic workers 11 an 2.4 Conclusion 12 n va CHAPTER - RESEARCH METHODS 13 th 3.3 Survey sample size and sampling methods 14 y te 3.2 Subjects of the survey 13 re 3.1 The purpose of the survey 13 to tn 3.3.1 Sample size 14 gh 3.3.2 Methodology 14 p ie 3.4 Data collection instruments 14 3.5 Limitations of the survey method 15 w n CHAPTER - SURVEY RESULTS 17 ad lo 4.1 Characteristics of domestic workers 18 th 4.1.1 Gender of DWs 18 yj uy 4.1.2 Age of DWs 18 la ip 4.1.3 Education 19 an lu 4.1.4 Family status 20 4.1.5 How DWs find jobs 21 n va 4.1.6 Years working as domestic worker 22 m ll fu 4.2 DWs’ current job 23 4.2.1 Domestic chores 23 n oi 4.2.2 Working hours 24 tz 4.2.3 Length of doing the current job 26 4.2.4 Working conditions 26 z ht vb 4.2.5 Income and expenditure 28 jm 4.2.6 Health and Medical Care 30 k 4.2.7 Days off, leisure time and entertainment activities 32 gm 4.2.8 Relationship with employers 33 om l.c 4.2.9 Social contact 35 4.3 Legal awareness of DWs 36 an Lu 4.4 Dishonesty of DWs 36 4.5 Conclusion 37 va CHAPTER - DISCUSSION 38 n th 5.3 It is difficult to control issues relevant to DWs 40 y te 5.2 Problems adopting labor contracts 39 re 5.1 Irregular working hours 38 to tn 5.3.1 Exploitation of domestic workers 40 gh 5.3.2 Employers’ risks 41 p ie 5.3.3 The existence of child labor 41 5.4 “This is not a big problem” 42 w n 5.5 Asymmetric information 42 ad lo 5.6 Lack of the participation of labor unions in protecting DWs 43 th 5.7 Legal protections for domestic workers 44 yj uy 5.8 Conclusion 44 la ip CHAPTER - POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS 46 an lu 6.1 Recommendations for employers 46 6.2 Recommendations for the Government 46 n va 6.2.1 Support for establishing companies that provide domestic service 46 m ll fu 6.2.2 Issue the Decree guiding domestic services 47 n oi 6.2.3 Strengthen propaganda and education to improve legal awareness of laborers and employers 47 tz 6.2.4 Establish Unions to protect DWs 47 CHAPTER - CONCLUSION 49 z vb 7.1 Conclusion 49 ht 7.2 Limitations and distributions of the study 50 jm REFERENCES 51 k om l.c gm APPENDIX 55 an Lu n va re y te th i to tn CERTIFICATION gh p ie I certify that I wrote this thesis myself w I certify that the study has not been submitted for any other degrees n ad lo I certify that any help received and all sources used have been acknowledged in this thesis with the best of my knowledge th yj uy The study does not necessarily reflect the views of the Ho Chi Minh City Economics an lu la ip University or Fulbright Economics Teaching Program n va Author m ll fu Nguyen Thu Ha tz n oi z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district ii to tn ACKNOWLEDGEMENT gh p ie I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents and brother who always encourage me in my life, my studying and my career w n ad lo I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr Jonathan R Pincus, for the continuous support of my study With rich knowledge, experiences, patient, motivation and th yj enthusiasm, his guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis uy la ip Besides my advisor, I am grateful to Ms Dinh Vu Trang Ngan for thoughtful and valuable comments on the survey and the early version of my work an lu I would like to thank to all teachers, librarians, laboratory assistants in Fulbright Economics n va Teaching Program, who have helped and retransmitted a lot of their knowledge and experience m ll fu to me n oi I am indebted to many of my relatives, classmates and friends in class MPP3 who supported tz me to conduct the survey This thesis would not have been possible without their assistances z Last but not least, I would like to thank to all my friends, especially Ms Nguyen Thi Thuy vb Giang, Mr Ta Viet Bac, Mr Duong Tuan Anh, Ms Nguyen Huong Giang, Ms Dang Thi ht jm Tuyet Nhung, Ms Ngo Hai Thanh, Ms Vo Thi Hoang Oanh, Ms Nguyen Thi Hong Loan, k and Ms Bui Thi Phuong Thao who helped and motivated me in performing the study gm Nguyen Thu Ha om l.c Ho Chi Minh City – April, 2011 an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district iii to tn ABSTRACT gh p ie This study analyzes practical issues about domestic workers in Ho Chi Minh City, which is based on the theory that domestic workers today are working in bad working condition with w n low wages, long working hour and face a range of exploitation, abuse, vulnerability and ad lo discrimination th yj We conducted a survey to examine the situations of domestic workers in Tan Binh District of uy Ho Chi Minh City We figured out that in this district the exploitation, discrimination and ip la sexual abuse exist but is not common And because of asymmetric information, employers an lu become victims of dishonest domestic workers when they hire them The market still lacks companies that offer trusted domestic workers and organizations who act to protect domestic n va worker welfare m ll fu Therefore, the effective policy recommendations to better these situations are issuing realistic n oi laws to control this market accompanied by actions to implement it such as strengthening the tz propaganda and education activities in poor areas, supporting the establishment of domestic service companies, and the role of the Women’s Unions in propaganda to change perceptions z ht vb of both workers and employers k service companies, Women’s Union jm Key words: Domestic workers, exploitation, abuse, vulnerability, discrimination, domestic om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district iv to tn gh ABBREVIATIONS p ie DWs : Domestic workers w n : Ho Chi Minh City NIS : National Institution of Statistic ad lo HCMC th yj : The International Labor Organization ip uy ILO : Tan Binh District USA : The United States of America an lu la TBD n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district v to tn gh LIST OF FIGURES p ie Figure 4-1: Gender of DWs 18 w n Figure 4-2: Number of DWs in groups of age 19 ad lo Figure4-3: Highest certificate of education of DWs 20 th Figure 4-4: Family status of domestic workers 21 yj Figure 4-5: Job status of domestic workers' spouses 21 uy ip Figure 4-6: Years working as domestic workers 22 an lu la Figure 4-7: The length that domestic workers the current job 26 Figure 4-8: Health of DWs in the sample 30 n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district vi to tn gh LIST OF TABLES p ie Table 1-1: Subjects of the study w Table 3-1: Subjects of the survey 13 n ad lo Table 4-1: How DWs are recruited 21 Table 4-2: Number of DWs provided work by a domestic worker supplier in the past 22 th yj Table 4-3: Works in day of domestic workers 24 ip uy Table 4-4: Working hours of domestic workers 25 Table 4-5: Working conditions of DWs 27 la an lu Table 4-6: Meals of DWs 27 Table 4-7: Income of DWs in the sample 28 n va Table 4-8: Expenditure of DWs in the sample 29 m ll fu Table 4-9 : Reward for DWs on Tet holiday 29 Table 4-10: Bosses' treatment when DWs get ill 30 n oi Table 4-11: Person who pays DWs medical expense 31 tz Table 4-12: Medical Insurance with DWs 31 z Table 4-13: Agree with one day off in a week 32 ht vb Table 4-14: Activities of DWs at rest time 32 k jm Table 4-15: How DWs use the telephone 35 om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district 55 to tn gh APPENDIX p ie Appendix 1: Questionnaire for Domestic workers19 w UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS, HO CHI MINH CITY n FULBRIGHT ECONOMICS TEACHING PROGRAM Interviewer: Nguyễn Thu Hà Class : MPP2 ad lo th yj Questionnaire an lu la ip uy DOMESTIC WORKER SURVEY IN HO CHI MINH CITY Form 1: Questionnaire for Domestic workers n va Answers Order Questions Question code PESONAL INFORMATION I Year of birth 1.1 Where you come from (permanent address/ current address of your 1.2 family)? Relationship to current employer? 1.3 1= Nephew/niece 2= Grandchild 3= other relatives =non-relatives 1.4 How many times have you moved between districts over the past years? 1.5 When did you move to your present location? Why did you move to here? = In search of employment = Education = Marriage = Family moved 1.6 = Transfer of work place = Visiting only = Occupation training 8= Helping relative = Others Were you working before you took this job? 1.7 1= Yes, 2= No What was your job then? 1=No job 2=Cooking 3= Repairman (engine, TV, Radio , etc) = Sewing = Carpentry = Animal raising 1.8 = Agriculture = Goldsmith = Accounting/Banking 10 = Hair cutting /hair dressing and wedding services 11 = Other specify What kind was your job? 1.9 1= Regular/ steady job tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu y te th (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district re This questionnaire is refered from the questionnaires in survey about DWs in Phnompenh: “Child Domestic Workers survey in Phnompenh 2003, Cambodia” of National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning of Cambodia in collaboration with ILO-IPEC n va 19 (Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district(Luận.văn).welfare.policy.for.domestic.workrs.in.ho.chi.minh.city.a.case.study.in.tan.binh.district 56 to tn gh p ie II w 2.1 n ad lo 2= Part-time job 3= Unstable job FAMILY INFORMATION Before working here, whom did you stay with? 1=Parents 2=Grand father/mother 3=Other families 4=Brother/Sister 5=Husband/children 6=Others (Specify) How many people are there in your family? Who was the head of your family? 1=Father 2=Mother 3=Grand father/mother 4=Brother/Sister 5= Your own 6= Husband 7=Others What is his/her occupation? Do your parents/head of family have agricultural land ? If “yes”, write areas in m2 = No = Yes, but not know the size areas Your marriage status? 1=Single (skip to ques 3.1) 2=Marriage How many children you have? Enter number of children, 0=No child Do your husband have any work? What is your husband's job? 0= Unemployment 1=Farmer 2= Fisher 3=hired labor 4= mason coolie 5=retailer 6=Repairman 7=Motorcycle driver 8= pedicab driver 9= Worker in factory 10=Officer 11= Others EDUCATION School attending 1=Never attend school (skip to ques 3.4) 2=Currently studying 3=Stop studying Your highest certification in education? 1=Graduated from primary school 2=Graduated from lower secondary school 3=Graduated upper secondary school 4=Graduated short-term vocational (