Appraisal of project brt yen nghia kim ma

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING -*** - APPRAISAL OF PROJECT “BRT YEN NGHIA – KIM MA” Students’ name: Pham Hoang Thuy Duong Le Mai Linh Luu Doan Viet Linh Nguyen Ngoc Mai Vu Ngoc Mai Vu Minh Ngoc Class: Auditing in English integrated with ICAEW CFAB Teacher’s name: Dinh Thuy Dung HANOI, 2023 Table of contents I INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT Overview of BRT Overview of Project BRT Yen Nghia – Kim Ma II MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Political Economic a Inflation b Interest rate c Exchange rate Social a Lifestyle attitude b Demography Technological a Level of innovation b Automation Legal 10 a Relevant Laws and Regulations on the Environment 10 b Relevant Laws and Regulations on Land 11 Environmental 12 a Climate 12 b Topography 12 c Soil 13 III MARKET APPRAISAL 13 Analysis of supply and demand of public passenger transport by bus 13 1.1 Current status of providing public passenger transport 14 1.2 Current status of demand for public passenger transport 14 Internal analysis of the bus rapid transit "Yen Nghia - Kim Ma" - SWOT Analysis 15 2.1 Strengths 15 This is a preview Do2.2 you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages Weaknesses 15 2.3 Opporturnities 16 Access to all documents 2.4 Threats 16 Market Segmentation and Targeting 16 Get Unlimited Downloads Product of project 17 Pricing strategy and competitive strategy for the project 17 Improve your grades IV TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 18 The infrastructure 18 1.1 Bus route 18 Upload 1.2 Bus stop 19 Share your documents to unlock 1.3 Intermediate transfer station 20 1.4 Warehouse 20 1.5 Control Center 20 Bus 20 Free Trial 2.1 Optimal vehicle size 20 Get 30 days of free Premium 2.2 Floor height 21 2.3 Comparison between high floor and low floor 21 Fare 22 3.1 Factors determining the choice of fare system 22 Already Premium? Log in 3.2 Operational plan for the fare collection system 22 V FUTURE OF THE PROJECT 23 How the BRT route operates 23 Positive economic effects 23 a Reduce traffic congestion 23 b Improve traffic safety 24 c Reducing social costs of damage caused by traffic accidents 24 Drawbacks 25 I INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT Overview of BRT Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a bus-based mass transit system A true BRT system is generally designed, with specialized services and infrastructure to improve system quality and eliminate frequent causes of vehicle delays Sometimes described as an "underground subway" system, the BRT aims to combine the carrying capacity and speed of a light rail or metro system with the flexibility, low cost and the simplicity of a bus system These are the main characteristics that help BRT Bus to have the above advantages: Separate lanes help BRT Bus to move faster, ensuring that BRT is never delayed due to mixed traffic jams Fare collection at the station, instead of on the bus, eliminates the delays caused by passengers waiting to pay on the bus Priority traffic signals for Bus Express at signalized intersections The platform of the waiting house is as high as the bus floor to help passengers get on and off the bus faster and more conveniently Overview of Project BRT Yen Nghia – Kim Ma The rapid bus route is 14 km long (Yen Nghia – Kim Ma) The buses run regularly on weekdays from 5-10-15 minutes/trip and from 7-10-15 minutes/time on Sundays, stop to pick up passengers at the waiting house, collect fares at the waiting house, and run on a separate lane Route of departure and return of Yen Nghia – Kim Ma fast bus route: Departure route: Yen Nghia bus station - Highway - Ba La - Quang Trung (Ha Dong) Le Trong Tan - To Huu - Le Van Luong - Lang Ha - Giang Vo - Giang Van Minh - Kim Ma (Kim Ma Station) Return route: Kim Ma (Kim Ma Station) - Giang Vo - Lang Ha - Le Van Luong - To Huu - Le Trong Tan - Quang Trung (Ha Dong) - Ba La - Highway - Yen Nghia bus station The project is implemented from many different sources of capital: Mainly from external sources such as using the public-private partnership model (BT - build and transfer) after completion of construction, the investors will hand over the project to the Hanoi Department of Transport to put the project into operation, the investor will be able to exploit parts of the stations and roads around the station within 10 years and not have to pay taxes from these activities After 10 years, if the enterprise wants to continue operating, it must pay the ground rent along with taxes to the capital; followed by a loan from the World Bank, with an interest rate of 0.25%/year, paid in installments after 10 years of the project's operation Total investment of the BRT project is 452.4 million USD equivalent to 10,265,409,821,930 VND II MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Political With such high demand for transportation, the Government of Vietnam has shown interest in developing and supporting the public transportation system The decision 16 No 280 / QD - TTg of the Prime Minister: Approving the Scheme on development of public passenger transportation by buses in the period from 2012 to 2020 includes the following objectives: A rational route network should be built to ensure convenience for people to travel with the orientation to developing bus routes to centers of districts, towns and industrial areas in provinces and cities Investment in buses using environmentally friendly fuels is also encouraged Furthermore, new technology in managing and operating bus operations, ensuring reasonable and monitoring of bus services will be applied Several options were proposed such as: bus price support for citizens, reduced loans interest for bus companies, reduced importing tax for buses, etc However, most of these policies only focus on enlarging the public transportation network and increasing the number of public vehicles participating in transportation At the same time, one of the key factors to encourage people to use buses is the quality of public transportation by bus is not considered appropriately In most cities, for example Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, some potential customers such as office workers still have not used buses as a daily mode of transportation due to many shortcomings in service quality, inaccuracy in time and the amount of passengers in rush hour is too great Actions also have been taken, as Hanoi has been focusing on developing the Urban mass transit system One example is the metro system, which is still under construction However, since its commence of construction in 2010, the project has been receiving a large amount of disapproval from the citizens due to being behind 17 schedules a number of times as a result of lack of funds, construction accidents, including fatal ones The This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages project was approved in 2009 with a total investment of $552.86 million and adjusted in 2016 with a total investment of $868.04 million The Ministry of Transport believed that Chinese EPC contractors are not professional and Access to all documents inexperience is the main cause of delay (Tuan Phung 2019; Tatarski 2017) Traffic jams during rush hour in Hanoi not only interferes with people’ timetable, it also Get Unlimited Downloads poses a serious threat toward the health of citizens As Hanoians’ love for private vehicles, especially automobiles, is ever growing, Hanoi has become one of the world’s Improve grades most polluted capital cities, ranked at 12th,your and 2nd among South East Asia cities (IQAIR) One of the main causes for air pollution in South East Asia cities is caused by vehicular emission and transportation, which can be applied to Hanoi air status as well Economic a Inflation Upload Share your documents to unlock Inflation has greatly affected entities in the economy and investment projects Inflation greatly affects project activities, affects the project's initial cost, the price of input materials increases causing investment costs to increase, which will cause difficulties in explaining investment costs Increasing costs makes it more difficult to raise capital, thereby reducing project efficiency Get 30 days of free Premium Inflationary pressures are generally low due to falling global commodity and energy prices Vietnam's inflation forecast for the period 2017-19 will only increase at 4% per year, cost-push factors are not expected to significantly affect inflation as world commodity prices are forecasted to be stable in 2017, and in the following years This is an important premise for theAlready project to Premium? be implementedLog soonin and completed quickly Free Trial b Interest rate The total investment of the rapid bus project including construction of infrastructure, waiting houses, vehicles, etc., is funded by a loan from the World Bank with an interest rate of 0.25% Low interest rates are always an incentive, and increase the efficiency of projects On the contrary, high interest rates will cause difficulties for projects, high interest rates lead to increased costs, pressure on project completion time, interest payment time, and principal repayment, thereby reducing financial efficiency of the project Causing difficulties for the state budget when interest rates rise The world bank interest rate is fixed for the project at 0.25% and is paid annually, so the interest rate does not affect the project much c Exchange rate The project borrows money from the World Bank, in foreign currency (USD) so the exchange rate is a factor affecting the project's efficiency According to VCBS, although there are certain fluctuations from time to time, in general 2016 was recorded as a quite stable year for the exchange rate and foreign exchange market Specifically, in the first months of the year, the selling rate at many commercial banks was less volatile and popular at about 22,330 - 22,350 VND/USD Entering the fourth quarter, especially from November, with the pressure from the US Presidential election results with the victory of candidate Donald Trump, the Fed raised interest rates in December and accompanied by a stronger interest rate hike roadmap in 2017, leading to an increase in the USD price in the world market In addition, due to the seasonal factor in payment, the exchange rate in the commercial banking system continuously increased and by the end of December was popular at 22,790 -22,800 VND/USD, an increase of about 1.1% compared to the end of 2015 According to VCBS, the excess and abundant foreign currency supply in 2016 is considered as the main and leading factor supporting the stability of the exchange rate and foreign exchange market The current exchange rate is controlled and managed by the state, so the exchange rate in the next few years is forecasted to be stable A stable exchange rate means stable borrowing costs, increasing project efficiency Social a Lifestyle attitude Lifestyle attitude is the way people think and feel about their way of living, including their values, beliefs, and preferences Lifestyle attitude can affect the BRT Yen NghiaKim Ma express bus project in various ways, such as:  Shaping the motivation and satisfaction of the customers and stakeholders by influencing their choices and behaviors of transport use For example, the BRT service appeals to people who value convenience, speed, and affordability in their transport mode The BRT service also satisfies people who care about environmental protection, social equity, and public health in their transport mode  Creating opportunities and challenges for the service by generating positive or negative perceptions and feedback of the service quality and impact For example, the BRT service benefits people who have a positive attitude toward public transport and are willing to switch from private vehicles to BRT buses The BRT  service also suffers from people who have a negative attitude toward public transport and are reluctant to use or support BRT buses Requiring communication and education for the service by raising awareness and understanding of the benefits and advantages of the service For example, the BRT service needs to communicate effectively with its customers and stakeholders to inform them about the features and functions of the service, such as the automatic ticketing system, GPS system, dedicated bus lanes, etc The BRT service also needs to educate its customers and stakeholders to change their attitudes and behaviors toward public transport, such as respecting the bus lanes, following the traffic rules, reducing emissions, etc b Demography Demography is the study of the characteristics and trends of human populations Demography may affect the BRT Yen Nghia-Kim Ma express bus project in several ways, such as:  Influencing the demand and supply of the BRT service, by affecting the size, composition, distribution, and mobility of the population The demography of Vietnam shows that the country has a large and growing population of about 98 million people, with a high concentration in urban areas, especially in the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta The population is also relatively young, with about 24% under 15 years old and 7.6% over 65 years old These demographic factors may create a high demand for public transport services, especially in densely populated and congested cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City However, they may also pose challenges in providing the adequate and affordable supply of BRT services, especially for meeting the diverse needs and preferences of different age groups and regions  Affecting the performance and impact of the service by indicating the changes and challenges in the urban environment and society For example, the BRT service has to cope with the rapid urbanization and motorization of Hanoi, which results in increased traffic congestion and pollution The BRT service also hopes to contribute to the sustainable development and social equity of Hanoi, by providing a fast, convenient, and affordable mode of public transport This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages Technological a Level of innovation Access to all documents The level of technological advancement and innovation may affect the BRT Yen NghiaKim Ma express bus project in Get several ways, suchDownloads as: Unlimited  Enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the BRT service, by using smart ticketing systems, GPS tracking, real-time information, electric buses, etc These Improve your grades technologies can help reduce operational costs, improve service quality, increase passenger satisfaction, and reduce environmental impacts  Improving the integration and coordination of the BRT system with other modes of public transport, such as paratransit, conventional buses, metro, or light rail These technologies can help create a seamless and convenient multimodal transport network, optimize the use of existing infrastructure and resources, and Share your documents to unlock increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of public transport However, these technologies also pose some challenges and risks for the BRT project, such as:  Requiring a high level of investment in terms of capital, skills, equipment, maintenance, etc These technologies may be costly to acquire, operate, and upgrade, especially for developing countries with limited financial resources and Get 30 days of free Premium human capital  Creating a digital divide between different groups of users or regions These technologies may not be accessible or affordable for all segments of the population or areas of the country, especially those with low income, education, or connectivity Already Premium? Log in  Increasing the vulnerability and uncertainty of the BRT system These technologies may be subject to cyberattacks, data breaches, technical failures, or ethical issues that could compromise the security, privacy, reliability, or accountability of the BRT service Upload Free Trial b Automation Automation is the use of technology to perform tasks that normally require human intervention or intelligence Automation can affect the BRT Yen Nghia-Kim Ma express bus project in various ways, such as:  Improving the efficiency and reliability of the service by reducing human errors, delays and costs For example, the automatic ticketing system can speed up the boarding process and prevent fare evasion The GPS system can monitor the location and speed of the buses and adjust the schedule accordingly The traffic signals can give priority to the BRT buses over other vehicles and optimize the traffic flow  Enhancing the safety and security of the passengers and drivers by minimizing risks and accidents For example, the dedicated bus lanes can separate the BRT buses from the mixed traffic and reduce collisions The GPS system can alert the Traffic Control Center in case of emergencies or breakdowns The automatic ticketing system can prevent unauthorized access to the waiting stations However, automation can also pose some challenges for the BRT Yen Nghia-Kim Ma express bus project, such as:  Requiring a high level of investment and maintenance for the technology and infrastructure For example, the automatic ticketing system needs to be compatible with different types of electronic cards and devices The GPS system needs to be updated regularly with accurate data and maps The dedicated bus lanes need to be protected from encroachment by other vehicles  Demanding a high degree of coordination and integration with other transport systems and urban plans For example, the automatic ticketing system needs to be interoperable with other modes of public transport, such as metro or regular buses The GPS system needs to be synchronized with other traffic management systems, such as cameras or sensors The dedicated bus lanes need to be aligned with other road development projects, such as widening or beautification  Facing a low level of acceptance and awareness from the public and stakeholders For example, the automatic ticketing system may encounter resistance from some passengers who prefer cash or paper tickets The GPS system may raise privacy concerns from some drivers or passengers who not want to be tracked or recorded The dedicated bus lanes may cause resentment from some road users who feel they are losing space or priority to the BRT buses Legal a Relevant Laws and Regulations on the Environment The law on environmental protection (Law 55/2014/QH13), approved on 23 June 2014, stipulates environmental protection activities, policies, measures and resources for environmental protection, as well as rights and obligation of authorities, organizations, households and individuals in environmental protection Together with law on environmental protection, decrees, circulars and other legal documents have been enacted to stipulate and guide the issues related to environmental protection, as follows: Law No 55/2014/QH13 dated June 23, 2014 on environmental protection 10 Decree No 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of Government on detailing the implementation of articles of law on environmental protection Decree No 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Government on Environmental Protection Planning, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Protection Plans (EPP) Circular No 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated May 29, 2015 of MONRE on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Protection Plans (EPP) b Relevant Laws and Regulations on Land Vietnamese laws and regulations on land ownership, land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement include a variety of legal documents from the Constitution to the Laws, Decrees, Circulars, and Decisions of the Hanoi PPC A list of legal documents related to land is presented as follows: Constitution of Vietnam 2013 Law No 45/2013/QH13 dated November 29, 2013: Land Law Decree No 43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government on detailing a number of Articles of the Land Law Decree No 44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government on providing methods to determine land price, to adjust land price brackets, land price board, and to valuate specific land price and land price consultancy activities Decree No 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of Government on compensation, support and resettlement upon land recovery by the State Decree No 102/2014/ND-CP dated November 10, 2014 of the Government prescribing administrative violations on land sector Decree No 16/2016/ND-CP dated March 16,2016 on management and use of official development assistance and concessional loans provided by foreign donors Circular No 36/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of MONRE on regulating method of valuation of land, preparation and adjustment of land price, specific land valuation and land valuation advisory Circular No 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of MONRE on regulating compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land 10 Decision No 21/2014/QD-UBND dated June 20, 2014 of Hanoi PPC on land acquisition, allocation, lease, and change the purpose of land use for implementation of investment project in Hanoi 11 Decision No 23/2014/QD-UBND dated June 20, 2014 of Hanoi PPC on compensation, support, resettlement when the state acquires land in Hanoi 11 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages 12 Decision No 96/2014/QD-UBND dated December 29, 2014 of Hanoi PPC on land price in Hanoi city for application from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019 Environmental a Climate Access to all documents Get Unlimited Downloads Hanoi features a typical climate of northern Vietnam, a humid subtropical climate where Improve your grades summers are hot and abundant of rainfall and winters are cool and dry Generally, hot weather lasts from May to September with an average temperature of 28.1 C while cool weather is from November to March with an average temperature of 18.6 C, according to the “Hanoi Statistical Year Book 2014” Two intermediate months, including April and October, have an average temperature of 24-25oC The average annual temperature is 23.6°C and the mean annual relative humidity is 79% The highest temperature was 42.8 Share your documents to unlock °C recorded in May 1926, and the lowest temperature was 2.7 °C recorded in January 1955 Annual rainfall is 1680 mm with a majority received in the summer There are on average 139 days with rain annually Rainy season lasts from May to September Rainfall precipitated during these months accounts for 77.5% of the total annual rainfall Upload b Topography Free Trial Get 30 days of free Premium According to the “Overall Report on Environmental Status of Hanoi during the Period of 2011-2015”, Hanoi contains three basic kinds of terrain, including the delta area, midland area and mountainous zone In general, the terrain is gradually lower from the north to the south and from the west to the east, with the average height ranging from to 20 m above the sea level The hills and mountainous zones are located Already Premium? Log in in the northern and western part of the city The highest peak is at Ba Vi Mountain with a height of 1281 m, located in the western part of the region The proposed BRT route lies in the east-west direction, connecting the center of Hanoi located in the delta areas with Hoa Lac that is located in the midland area in the west of the city The eastern part of the BRT route passes through the crowded urban areas of central Hanoi which includes Ba Dinh, Dong Da, Cau Giay, and Thanh Xuan districts, as shown in the following figure of the administrative map of Hanoi The western end of the route, located in Thach That District, belongs to midland areas The middle part of the route located in the delta area is characterized by agricultural fields and rural residential villages, which have been urbanizing rapidly 12 c Soil The project area is located in a large and high plain that was formed by the Red River and its distributaries such as the Day, Nhue, and Tich Rivers According to “Soil and Land Statistical Data in 2010” of Hanoi DONRE, yellowish red soil group occupies the largest area in the project area, following by the Fluvisols group, swampy soil, peat soil and deposit valley soil group The texture of the yellowish red soil group varies from sandy loam to light clay and from slightly acidic to very acidic The content of the total and available nutrients is quite high in the top soil layer of yellowish red soil but lower in the subsoil layers The Fluvisols group ranges from moderately acidic to slightly acidic; the soil nutrient content varies from medium to quite rich in the top soil layer The swampy soil and peat soil group has strong Gley layer; its soil structure is destroyed and the soil pH varies from acidic to very acidic The nutrient content of these soils varies from quite high to high values The deposit valley soil group varies from acidic to very acidic Its soil nutrient content and exchangeable base content are low; its soil texture varies from light loam to medium loam It is noted that the BRT route will be established on existing roads, such as Nguyen Chi Thanh, Lieu Giai, Van Cao, Pham Hung, Khuat Duy Tien roads and the Thang Long Expressway In some circumstances, the median strips of the roads will be renovated to prepare for exclusive lanes for the buses Pedestrian bridges and bus stops could be built in the median strips and pavements of the roads Accordingly, construction of the roads (if any) and auxiliary facilities will be made on the previously prepared foundation of the constructed roads, which was prepared by different construction materials rather than the native soil The depot, however, would be constructed in an agricultural field beside the Thang Long Expressway III MARKET APPRAISAL Analysis of supply and demand of public passenger transport by bus Currently, the Hanoi bus network is being operated by 10 units under the management and operation of the Urban Traffic Management and Operations Center In 2016, the city will focus on developing the bus network, constantly improving service quality, striving to attract about 693 million passengers, of which the bus network alone has a transport subsidy of about 470 million passengers passengers (an increase of 1.68% compared to 2015), meeting 13% of people's travel needs, contributing to reducing traffic congestion and accidents 13 With the development of the capital Hanoi, bus culture is gradually being formed In the coming years, the demand for traveling by bus will increase Especially when the bus system is fast, modern, and friendly When the project goes into operation, the demand for taking the bus will increase 1.1 Current status of providing public passenger transport Currently, the Hanoi bus network is being operated by 10 units under the management and administration of the Urban Traffic Management and Operations Center In 2016, the city will focus on developing the bus network, constantly improving service quality, striving to attract about 693 million passengers, of which the bus network alone has a transport subsidy of about 470 million passengers passengers (an increase of 1.68% compared to 2015), meeting 13% of the travel needs of the people, contributing to reducing traffic congestion and accidents” With the development of Hanoi capital, bus culture is gradually being formed In the coming years, the demand for traveling by bus will increase Especially when the bus system is fast, modern, friendly When the project is put into operation, the demand for taking the bus will increase 1.2 Current status of demand for public passenger transport By 2020, buses will meet 25% of people's travel needs The State encourages people to switch from traveling by private car to using public transport in order to reduce congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution and social costs in transportation Requires a public passenger transport system that ensures safety, quality, quantity as well as the needs of people and society The number of passengers using the bus decreased slightly, because the quality of the bus is often degraded after a long time of use, affecting the travel as well as causing a lot of inconvenience and wasting people's time use process Therefore, the number of ticket buyers decreased by 1% compared to the same period last year One of the reasons is said to be unsatisfactory road infrastructure, often congested, besides the low connectivity, so people still "favor" the use of personal vehicles Each time the ticket price increases, it takes 3-6 months for the number of passengers to return to the original level.” In order to be able to pull passengers back to the bus and the business itself, it must invest in investment in vehicle renewal and improvement service quality Fast buses will stimulate people's demand for bus travel, with high service quality, fast rotation speed, modern buses, etc 14 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages Internal analysis of the bus rapid transit "Yen Nghia - Kim Ma" - SWOT Analysis 2.1 Strengths Access to all documents - Bus rapid transit (BRT) system is aUnlimited public transportation system with many advantages Get Downloads such as cost savings, large carrying capacity, the ability to transport on expressways with separate lanes that can reach up to 35,000 passengers per direction Improve your grades - The construction of the BRT system with features similar to the subway (large transport capacity, high speed, good amenities, good passenger service), the investment cost is only 10% of the investment cost subway - Fast construction time (18-24 months) and is a flexible solution, creating a new image of buses, attracting people to switch to public transport, supporting the commonly developed bus system and thereby contribute to reducing traffic congestion, limiting Share your documents to unlock personal cars most effectively - With high service quality combined with the advantages of the underground Metro system, BRT is known as the underground Metro system BRT uses a 3.5m wide lane separate from the general traffic, which can be close to the sidewalk or close to the median in the middle of the road BRT uses a low floor and a car floor - the parking floor is designed equally, contributing to reducing the time to get on and off while creating Get 30 days of free Premium convenient and easy conditions for all passengers (especially those with disabilities) who want to use them use this vehicle - Especially, the low investment cost is about - million USD/km while monorail is about 20 million USD/km and 65 - 207 million USD/km for the subway The short construction period only takes about years while theLog metroin construction takes at least Already Premium? years - The phenomenon of theft on the bus will no longer be Rapid buses will use clean fuel, so they will not emit black smoke like current buses, reducing urban environmental pollution - Yen Nghia - Kim Ma route are two important roads in Hanoi, convenient for opening a separate lane for fast buses - The demand for travel on this route is very high, when the starting and ending points are both the gateway of the capital, the bus stations at the beginning and the end will attract a lot of visitors Upload Free Trial 2.2 Weaknesses - BRT requires the use of part of the existing roadway to make a separate lane for buses 15 This is really difficult because the road surface is small, narrow, has high traffic density, many intersections intersect each other - The access to the wharf, the parking point of the users needs to have a support system such as an overpass, pedestrian tunnels or painted road markings with signal lights The extent and size of parking lots and stops are dependent on the width of the existing median or sidewalk 2.3 Opporturnities - The demand for high-quality bus travel is increasing Fast buses overcome the limitations of regular buses such as: slow, noisy, theft Therefore, fast buses will increase the demand for bus travel, helping to improve traffic congestion in Hanoi - Traffic planning in Hanoi is increasingly modern, the roadway will be widened in the next few years - When the city has created a convenient BRT system, this system is prioritized exclusively on the main transport corridors 2.4 Threats -If 7m of roadbed width is reserved for BRT, the current street will only have 40% of road space for other types of traffic, traffic density will skyrocket and traffic congestion problem - The system of sidewalks along these streets will be requisitioned as stops.-The lanes reserved for BRT buses (limited by medians) extending continuously through many streets will cause great obstruction and loss of traffic safe for the circulation of motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians when they want to cross this priority lane to the other side of the street - Construction cost is not small -The sense of obeying traffic laws of Vietnamese people, especially Hanoi, is still very poor, they rarely obey the minimum laws The current traffic congestion in Hanoi, although reduced, still cannot be completely eliminated, partly because of the lack of awareness when participating in traffic Running red lights, refusing to give way, encroaching lane… that's the habit of many people, causing many roads to be heavily congested not only during rush hour but also during office hours Market Segmentation and Targeting Bus Rapid (BRT, BRTS) is a bus-based mass transit system BRT system is generally designed, with specialized services and infrastructure to improve system quality and 16 eliminate frequent causes of vehicle delays Sometimes described as an "underground metro" system, the BRT aims to combine the carrying capacity and speed of a light rail or metro system with the flexibility, cost and the simplicity of a bus system Product of project The 14 km long mass passenger bus route starts at Yen Nghia bus station and ends at Kim Ma station and runs on its own lane Ba La - Le Trong Tan - Long Le Van Luong Lang Ha - Giang Vo - Kim Ma bus station On this route, there will be 2.5 km of express buses that must run on mixed lanes, but they are all one-way, so there is no risk of traffic jams BRT will travel on separate lanes close to the dividing line center distance of the road This lane is separated by a 20 cm high ledge The passenger concourse is located on the middle divider The station location will be near the intersection, so passengers follow the road markings at the intersections to access the bus Passengers will use the magnetic ticket, which will automatically check the ticket before entering the station BRT will run with a frequency of 3-5 minutes/trip, with a transport capacity of 90 guests, with doors, and a travel speed of 22 km/h All vehicles have a GPS system, connected to the Operations Center to solve problems that may arise At the intersection, there is also an integrated system with signal lights to give priority to fast buses passing through the intersection Departure route: Yen Nghia bus station - Highway - Ba La - Quang Trung (Ha Dong) Le Trong Tan - To Huu - Le Van Luong - Lang Ha - Giang Vo - Giang Van Minh - Kim Ma (Kim Ma Station) Return route: Kim Ma (Kim Ma Station) - Giang Vo - Lang Ha - Le Van Luong - ToHuu - Le Trong Tan - Quang Trung (Ha Dong) - Ba La - Highway - Yen Nghia bus station Pricing strategy and competitive strategy for the project According to the Hanoi Urban Traffic Management and Administration Center, the Center and the Hanoi Transport Corporation expect the driving time on the route for the first phase of the BRT route to be 45 minutes/turn (slower than minutes) than the design and faster than the current reality by 5-10 minutes); The operating speed is 19.6 km/h (slower than the design speed of 4.2 km/h and faster than the current test bus route from to 3.6 km/h) According to the immediate construction plan, tickets for express buses are still ordinary paper cards like bus tickets and are sold at stations Tickets are expected to be 7,000 VND / turn The monthly ticket is applied like a regular bus ticket Ticketing staff and 17 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages check tickets on the bus Express bus route number 01, route Kim Ma bus station - Yen Nghia bus station Access to all documents IV TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT The infrastructure 1.1 Bus route Get Unlimited Downloads Improve your grades 1.1.1 Surface material Currently, the roads located on the project's route have been renewed and expanded According to the assessment, the roadbed is still stable and can withstand the load of vehicles weighing about 20,000 kg and during the project's operation Upload Share your documents to unlock Therefore, the project's road surface plan is to make use of the old roadbeds of the roads, avoiding unnecessary cost increases The project chose to use asphalt for the road surface, and concrete for the bus stops The reason here is that when the vehicle stops at the stations, the pressure of the vehicle on the roadbed is the greatest, this can cause the roadbed to be bent, so it is possible to use Get 30 days of free Premium concrete at the station roadbed Free Trial 1.1.2 Separator In order for the bus to run on the right route, without being congested by traffic, the Log vehicles in express bus project requiresAlready a dedicatedPremium? lane to avoid other encroaching on the road The option given here is to use the control delimiter, which is the best way to meet the output requirements When using this option, the driver can best observe but pedestrians are crossing the road and have good handling 1.1.3 Standard sizes of bus lanes In order to ensure the safety of vehicles operating at an average high speed of 35km/h in the inner city, the width of the lane needs to meet the required standards Besides, it is also necessary to ensure lanes for other vehicles Possible alternative is the width of each express bus lane is 3.5m Therefore, it is necessary to have 7m of road width, for the vehicle to work well and safely The width of the waiting station is 3m, built at the median of the road 18 1.1.4 Public Utilities To make the route efficient, safe, and user-friendly, facilities are needed, like restrooms at the waiting station Good water supply and drainage system, avoiding flooding on bus routes, etc 1.2 Bus stop The waiting station or bus station, this is the place where passengers come to wait for the bus, it can also be the place where they avoid the sudden arrival of unusual weather factors such as storms, thunderstorms, etc But due to the wide area, the current roadway is relatively narrow, so it is necessary to have the consideration 1.2.1 Station size Given the fact that the width of the roadway is limited by the available road width, the minimum length of the passenger waiting area must be greater than or equal to the length of the BRT bus The total length of the waiting station should also be long enough to accommodate faring points, turnstiles, and other amenities, create comfortable space for passengers, and provide enough space for passengers to enter and exit the station, and enough space for equipment According to the group's survey research, the most suitable size is 15m long, 3m wide 1.2.2 Doors To be able to meet the requirements on the prohibition of fare evasion, passenger safety, and comfort, it is required that the design must have a station door The optimal solution here is to use automatic sliding doors, this will avoid fare evasion, because when the bus arrives at the right stop, the door will open to let passengers on and off, and this also helps limit unfortunate accidents for passengers such as slipping and falling on the roadway from the waiting station The use of automatic sliding doors has an element of concern that when the power goes out, the door will no longer work, which can be remedied by pushing the door open The problem of running costs can increase due to electricity consumption 1.2.3 Power supply Points such as waiting stations, warehouses, and train stations require electricity to maintain operations, such as lighting, machinery, fare collection equipment, sliding 19 doors, air conditioners, etc Besides using the provided electricity and being powered from the grid, stations can use solar energy at bus stops, which will avoid power outages, reduce station operating costs in the long term, but will lose initial investment 1.3 Intermediate transfer station The project is being prepared with a starting line, which currently has a regular bus system in the area, therefore, it is necessary to have compatibility between the project bus and the regular bus Aim to optimize for customers when they want to go to places where the rapid bus system has not been formed or deployed To accomplish this, rapid bus stops will be located next to regular bus stops and have marked lanes for pedestrians to cross the stops In order to avoid the fact that the terminals are opposite each other, reducing the road space for other vehicles, rapid bus stops will be staggered with regular bus stations 1.4 Warehouse Warehouse areas serve a wide range of purposes including bus parking areas, refueling facilities, car washes and cleaning, maintenance and repair areas, administrative areas for operators and staff service 1.5 Control Center The control center is located at Yen Nghia bus station, including the terminal station of the Express Bus route from Yen Nghia to Kim Ma with the function of daily pick-up and drop-off - a place for departure procedures in the morning and overnight for passengers All buses belong to the Hanoi BRT Express Bus route, and are the terminals of regular buses and provincial coaches To ensure the above two functions, the content of the construction package of Yen Nghia Bus Terminal Station includes items: (1) Construction of a one-storey rapid bus shelter (with a floor area of 887.6 m2); (2) Build covered walkways; (3) Organize traffic in front of the operator and in the bus station to accommodate the Hanoi BRT Express Bus and other modes of transport at Yen Nghia bus station Bus 2.1 Optimal vehicle size The vehicle's dimensions and passenger capacity requirements are primarily determined by model analysis performed at the early stages of the project Vehicle capacity and 20 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages service frequency will help assess passenger requirements Based on demand, lane design and bus stop, the standard bus here is 12m long 2.2 Floor height Access to all documents After analyzing and calculatingGet the length of the bus, the height of the floor is also an Unlimited Downloads important factor of the bus The height of the floor will determine the passenger's boarding and disembarkation, convenience, vehicle cost and maintenance cost Improve your grades Chassis tends to be manufactured at several standard heights The height of the floor will affect the design of the bus stop platform, to integrate with the floor The height of the standard bus floor is from 20cm to 90cm Upload 2.3 Comparison between high floor and low floor Share your documents to unlock Table: Comparison between high floor bus and low floor bus Coefficient High floor bus Low floor bus Free Trial Get 30 days of free Premium Purchase cost Lower purchase cost The cost is higher than the high floor bus from 20 to 30% Maintenance costs Reduce Already road maintenance costs Premium? Maintenance is 10-20% higher Log in due to low chassis easily scratched Waiting station costs The cost for the bus station is higher due to the increased structure height The cost for the bus station is reduced due to the low floor Suitable for the city The berth structure will be more than 70 cm The structure of the berth will be less than 70 cm 21 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages Convenience for Difficult for passengers to get off Easy for guests to get off the guests the road Access to all documents road Row Get Unlimited Downloads Easy to tow truck, because it is suitable for regular trailer It is more difficult to tow the vehicle if there is a problem Protect nature better Sensitive to fare evasion Improve your grades Rickshaw Fare evasion Vibration fare evaders Upload Vulnerable to vibration due to the impact of the roadbed Share your documents to unlock Reduces traffic collisions and vibrations Free Trial Affected by being wheeled should be affected more Get 30 days of free Premium Through the review, the bus with a high floor will have more advantages, especially in the current conditions of road surface, climate and culture in Hanoi Fare Already Premium? Log in 3.1 Factors determining the choice of fare system The current form of fare sales of Hanoi's reward bus system is still paper fares This has caused many inadequacies, such as financial transparency, disorder, safety, security on the bus, etc This requirement of the rapid bus project is to be convenient, safe and secure Decisions include:    Operational plan for the fare collection system; Fare policy and structure; Organizational structure of the fare collection system 3.2 Operational plan for the fare collection system The rapid bus project needs to change the type of bus fare collection, as this will impact passenger comfort and safety The optimal solution here is to collect fares at the waiting 22 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages station, instead of collecting them when passengers get on the bus, to avoid negative impacts on passengers Access to all documents V FUTURE OF THE PROJECT How the BRT route operates Get Unlimited Downloads  The rapid bus route is 14 km long (Yen Nghia - Kim Ma) Cars run regularly on weekdays from 5-10-15 minutes/trip and from 7-10-15 minutes/time on Sundays, Improve your grades stop to pick up passengers at the waiting house, collect tickets at the waiting house, run on a separate lane  Express buses will pick up customers at waiting homes rather than stopping at parking spaces on the sidewalk as they currently Follow the painted lines at the intersections to get to the bus because the waiting area will be close to them Before entering the waiting area, passengers will utilize magnetic tickets, which Share your documents to unlock will be checked automatically On weekdays, express buses will run every to 15 minutes, and on weekends, every to 10 minutes On Sunday, the vehicle can accommodate 80 passengers, has doors, travels at 19.6 km/h, and takes 45 minutes to get from Yen Nghia to Kim Ma and back To address problems as they arise, every vehicle has a GPS system that is connected to the operations center There is also an integrated system with signal lights at intersections to provide Get 30 days of free Premium priority to speedy buses Positive economic effects a Reduce traffic congestion  Verify the level using the road surface of vehicles, such as bicycles, cars, and dump trucks, to see the impact ofPremium? the information transition Already Log in Area occupied by the road by vehicles and passenger Upload Free Trial Targets Unit Area occupied by application with v1 m2 37 75 95 Area occupied by application with v2 m2 54 88 126 Average occupied area m2 45,5 81,5 110,5 23 Motorbike Car Bus rapid Transit STT This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages Average occupancy troops/1 passenger m2/passenger 22,27 20,4 1,4 Access to all documents We see the average pavement occupancy per passenger of motorbikes compared to Get16 Unlimited Downloads buses is Smotorbike/Sbuses: times Scar/Sbuses: 14 times With this outcome, we can draw the conclusion that using the bus will result in much less traffic Improve grades congestion and much clearer surfaceyour roads b Improve traffic safety  Safety is consistently regarded as a crucial factor in traffic evaluations of both quality and the level of development of the society as a whole as well as the transport system Statistics in Hanoi's inner city show that motorbikes account for 53.33% of all accidents, making them the most common type of vehicle Trucks Share your documents to unlock and passenger cars account for 36.36% of all accidents in suburban areas; the remaining 10.31% are the result of other factors whereas the percentage of bus accidents was only 2% of all traffic incidents  Statistics show that when compared to other forms of transportation, buses account for the smallest percentage in each of the three categories of traffic accidents, deaths, and injuries (0.68%, 0.59%, and 1.0%, respectively) trade (which accounts for 0.65%) tends to decline over rise in bus passenger traffic will Get 30time daysHence, of freeaPremium significantly lower the number of accidents, which will lower their financial, social, and health-related consequences impact of accidents on one's physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing c Reducing social costs of damage caused by traffic accidents Already Premium?  According to the report of the National Traffic Log Safetyin Committee in 2016, there were 1552 traffic accidents in Hanoi, causing 594 deaths and 397 injuries  Therefore, the loss to society due to the loss of resources for production in half a year is: 2200 * 594 = 1,036,800 (USD)  The number of people disabled due to traffic accidents is about 5% of the total number of deaths Therefore, the loss to society in year is: % *594*2200 = 65,340(USD)  According to the National Traffic Safety Committee, out of 30 road traffic incidents, 11 instances involved vehicles, accounting for 36.37% of the total, and 16 cases involved motorcycles, also accounting for 36.37% of the total 53.33% of the total, with 10.31% coming from other sources Consider that the average damage from a bus accident is 187.5 USD per case and 141 USD for a motorcycle accident So, the advantages of using buses instead of personal vehicles to reduce  Upload Free Trial 24 This is a preview Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 25 pages the cost of traffic accidents are as follows: 1552 * (53.33% * 141 - 2% * 187.5) = 11,089.7 (USD) As a result, increasing bus passenger traffic significantly reduce the number of Access to will all documents accidents, their social and financial costs, and their health consequences, including the impact of mental illness brought on by accidents Get Unlimited Downloads Drawbacks Improve your grades With the mindset of "simply doing it, frightened of being wrong, not drastic," Hanoi pioneered the BRT approach When investing, BRT buses must be extremely synchronized and in close proximity to other BRT lines, as well as to normal buses and urban railroads However, BRT route 01 Yen Nghia - Kim Ma bus station has really been operating "single-way" for years; as a result, there is a weak connection with traditional buses and riders must travel a considerable Share your documents to unlock distance at either end of the route in order to board the express bus  The bus route between Yen Nghia and Kim Ma was not really a good choice for piloting This route has a large population density on both sides of the road, easy to attract customers for the route However, the land fund for traffic is very limited, there are too many intersections on the route These characteristics make the operation of the BRT very unfavorable, the speed of the bus is not as designed, Get 30 days of free Premium aggravated the congestion situation, thereby arising frustration when the BRT comes into operation  The line's capacity has not complied with the requirements There are 12 routes in one direction on the BRT bus, which has a frequency of five minutes each trip and can carry 80 seats more than a regular bus TheLog BRT in bus can only transport 1,200 Already Premium? passengers on 12 journeys while carrying 100 passengers on average during rush hours When a separate lane is emphasized, it is obvious that the BRT line's capacity is being wasted Due to this dedicated lane, motorbikes can carry up to 11,000–12,000 passengers, compared to cars, which can carry 3,000–4,000 passengers overall As a result, "BRT is at the bottom of the table" when assessing the effectiveness of transit capacity alone This is a waste of infrastructure, and BRT is to blame for more severe traffic congestion on the entire road it travels on  Upload Free Trial 25