(Luận văn) impacts of food safety regulations on vietnam seafood export

tn to UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES p ie gh HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS w VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS n a lo PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS d th u yj an lu la p yi n va IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS ON VIETNAM SEAFOOD EXPORT z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm DANG THI LY LY ht vb BY gm om l.c MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS Lu an n va HO CHI MINH CITY, February 2016 y te re tn to INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE p ie gh UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS w n a lo VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS d PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS th u yj p yi an lu la IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY REGULATIONS ON VIETNAM SEAFOOD EXPORT n va m ll fu z at nh oi A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS z k jm ht DANG THI LY LY vb By om l.c Dr NGUYEN HOANG BAO gm Academic Supervisor: Lu an n va y te re HO CHI MINH CITY, February 2016 tn to ABSTRACT p ie gh This paper employs gravity model to analyze the bilateral seafood trade w n between Vietnam and 17 countries from 1997 to 2012 The panel data is taken from a lo Vietnam General Statistics Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank d th and Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales The Hausman Test u yj indicates that fixed effects model is suitable for estimating the regression The p yi estimation results show that food safety regulations and exchange rate significantly an lu la affect seafood export On the other hands, importing GDP and distance is statistically insignificant Also the trade potential result reveals that Vietnam has many n va opportunities to develop trade with Europe partners z at nh oi m ll fu Key words: Gravity Model, seafood export, Vietnam z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re iii tn to ACKNOWLEDGEMENT p ie gh I have made great efforts to finish this thesis; nevertheless, it would have not been finished without support of many individual and organizations I highly w n appreciate their full support during this hard time a lo d Iwould like toespecially thank all of my academic supervisors, the Scientific th u yj Committee, and staff of Vietnam- Netherlands Program for their guidance and support with this thesis p yi Finally,I would like to express my special appreciation to my whole family and an lu la classmates for helping me complete this thesis n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re iv (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to TABLE OF CONTENTS p ie gh ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv LIST OF FIGURES viii w n LIST OF TABLES viii a lo LIST OF APPENDICES viii d th ABBREVIATIONS ix u yj CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .1 p yi Problem statement 1.2 Significance of study .3 1.3 Research objective 1.4 Research question 1.5 Scope of study .3 1.6 Structure of thesis an lu la 1.1 n va z at nh oi m ll fu CHAPTER FOOD SAFETY AND VIETNAM SEAFOOD EXPORT 2.1 Food safety and policy context .5 Food safety .5 2.1.2 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) 2.1.3 European laws 2.1.4 Japan laws .7 z 2.1.1 k jm ht vb gm 2.2 Overview of vietnam seafood sector in vietnam om l.c 2.3 Evidence of food safety standards (sps agreement and technical barrier) impact on vietnam exports Lu CHAPTER 3.LITERATURE REVIEW 12 an Different origin of a product 13 3.3 Trade and monopolistic competition 13 y te re 3.2 n Theoretical review of gravity model 12 va 3.1 v (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to p ie gh 3.4 Trade and differing factor endowments 14 3.5 Trade and differences in production technologies 14 3.6 Empirical literature 15 CHAPTER 4.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA 18 w 4.1 n Methodology 24 a lo 4.2 Data collection .18 d 4.2.1 Model specification .25 th u yj • Theoretical gravity model with importer fixed effects ………………… 26 • Theoretical gravity model with time and importer fixed effects………… 26 p yi an lu la • Theoretical gravity model with random effects…………………………… 26 Dependent variables 26 4.2.3 Independent variables 26 n va 4.2.2 • Vietnam’s output of seafood 26 m ll fu • Population 27 z at nh oi • Exchange rate 27 • Food safety regulations between importing and exporting country 27 • Importing country’s GDP 27 z Estimation method 29 k jm 4.2.4 ht vb • Distance 28 CHAPTER EMPIRICAL RESULTS 30 gm 5.1 Results of Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test, the Huasman Test, and om l.c checking of Heteroskedasticity 30 Gravity model’s estimation result .31 5.3 Trade potential .33 Lu 5.2 an 5.3.1 Vietnam trade potential evaluation .34 y te re Findings .36 n 6.1 va CHAPTER CONCLUSION 36 vi (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to p ie gh 6.2 Policy implications 37 6.3 Limitations and recommendations for future research 37 REFERENCES 39 LIST OF APPENDICES 45 w n a lo d th u yj an lu la p yi n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re vii (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to LIST OF FIGURES p ie gh Figure1.1: Vietnam seafood export (1997-2012) Figure 2.1: Total Vietnam aquaculture export (1999-2011) Figure 4.1: Average Vietnam seafood export volume (1997-2012) 18 w n Figure 4.2: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and output 19 a lo d Figure 4.3: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and importing countries’ th GDP 20 u yj Figure 4.4: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and Japan’s GDP 21 p yi Figure 4.5: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and USA’s GDP 21 an lu la Figure 4.6: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and EU15’s GDP 22 Figure 4.7: Relationship between Vietnam seafood export and distance 23 n va m ll fu LIST OF TABLES z at nh oi Table 2.1: Violations of seafood hygiene standards by Vietnamese Exports, 2002-2007 z Table 3.1: Summary of Empirical Studies 16 vb k jm ht Table 4.1: Descriptive statistics of variable in the model 24 Table 4.2: Definition and measurements of all variables in this study 28 gm Table 5.1: Estimation results of gravity model (aggregate seafood) 31 l.c Table 5.2: Trade potential between Vietnam and USA, Japan and EC-15 34 om Table 5.3: Time of convergence 35 Lu an LIST OF APPENDICES n y te re Appendix 2: Regression Results 46 va Appendix 1: List of 15 European countries 45 viii (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to ABBREVIATIONS p ie gh CEPII Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales European Union w EU n a lo FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations d th Food and Drug Administration u yj FDA p yi Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Certification System MOIT Ministry of Industry and Trade an lu la HACCP National Fisheries Quality Assurance and Veterinary Directorate n va NAVIQAFED m ll fu Sanitary and Phytosanitory Standard TPP Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement TQM Total Quality Management VASEP The Vietnamese Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers WTO World Trade Organization z at nh oi SPS z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re ix (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to CHAPTER INTRODUCTION p ie gh 1.1 Problem statement Since 1984 the record of world seafood export has increased remarkably and w achieved USD 102.5 billion in 2010 (FAO, 2012) The top three largest markets have n a lo been EU, Japan and United States 49 percent of world exportvalue has been from d many developing countries such as Vietnam, China, Africa, etc., (FAO, 2012) th u yj 8.538e+08 an lu la 6e+08 n va export_USD Japan U.S.A p yi 8e+08 m ll fu 4e+08 z at nh oi 2e+08 EU-15 z 2000 2005 year 2010 k jm 1995 ht vb 2015 gm Source: GSO (2015) om l.c Figure 1.1: Vietnam seafood export (1997-2012) The value of seafood export has recently had a great contribution to Vietnam Lu an GDP, about 4-5% Its aquatic product export has become one of four major export 16.5% higher than 2013 (FAO, 2012) According to Vietnam Association of Seafood y te re Exporters and Processors (VASEP), in 2014 Vietnam exceeded the target of USD n va products in terms of value In 2014, export value of seafood was USD 7.84 million, (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Sweden The U.K Luxembourg p ie gh 1429578 5.94 4228410 -5.91 317438.1 -34.68 1-Convergence – Divergence 1 Source: Author’s calculation w n a lo Top ten countries with smallest time of convergence are shown in Table 5.3 d Obviously, these countries belong to European group It confirmed that this long-time th u yj market still promised many opportunities for Vietnam seafood export an lu la p yi Table 5.3: Time of convergence Time of convergence 17614411.35 Country n va Belgium m ll fu 3430843.563 France 197795349 Germany Greece z at nh oi Denmark 633502169.8 3034172.84 45538961.78 Portugal 20110437.09 Spain 132123408 The UK 105730151.7 Luxembourg 109555.89 z Italy k jm ht vb om l.c gm Source: Author’s calculation Lu an n va y te re 35 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION p ie gh This chapter will summarize the main methodology and the empirical results obtained from regression Several policy implications will be recommended based on results The limitations are also drawn out andrecommendations for future research will w n be suggested a lo 6.1 Findings d th The main purpose of this paper is to find how the food safety regulations affect u yj Vietnam seafood export and make some policy recommendations because seafood p yi export plays an important role in developing economy Gravity model has been chosen an lu la because it is considered as one of the most successful tools of explaining bilateral trade Its estimation of period of 1997 and 2012 gives the most updated results Other n va than basic variables of gravity model, other variables including population of Vietnam explain the dependent variable z at nh oi m ll fu and importing countries, exchange rate, food safety regulations were added to better Result of Hausman test has showed the fixed effects model is better than random effects model to estimate regression Because the fixed effects model is in z shortage of coefficients of distance and Vietnam population, the coefficients of random vb effects models have been used to explain their effects on dependent variable ht k jm Estimation results have not shown the clear effect of food safety regulations With gm imported fixed effects, food safety regulations variable is statistically significant, but l.c the sign is not Food safety regulations are considered a catalyst instead of barrier to Vietnam seafood export When adding time fixed effects to the model, the food safety om regulations become an insignificant factor It implies that Vietnamese firms might not Lu y te re determining seafood exports Vietnam seafood export pattern does not seem to follow n The GDP and distance on Vietnam seafood export are insignificant factors of va to focus more on food safety regulations and comply it properly an compete against other firms with similar products It’s expected that Vietnamese firms 36 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to the theoretical gravity model It the case of GDP, Vietnam might not focus on the rich p ie gh countries to develop business, but have to find out the client is in favor of Vietnam seafood Distance is a proxy of transportation costs which less affect the Vietnam seafood export The dependent variables might be affected by border effects w The bilateral exchange rate is statistically significant and shows positive n a lo relationship with Vietnam seafood export In other words, to promote seafood export in d particular and all other commodities in general, Vietnam should devalue its currency th u yj Based on the result of speed of convergence, EU is promising market which 6.2 an lu la p yi Vietnam manufacturer should focus on Policy implications Results of this studies show that determinants of Vietnam seafood exports are n va food safety regulations and exchange rate The food safety regulation can be a catalyst m ll fu for Vietnam seafood sector The findings recommend that the Vietnamese Government should establish a strong controlling system to monitor the responsibility z at nh oi of different ministries and agencies at different layers It also helps the local firm to meet the food hygiene requirement (Le & Pham, 2010) In the firm levels, the exporter z should invest more on equipment and R&D to comply with food safety requirement vb k jm ht In addition, due to financial constraint, most of Vietnamese firms cannot invest the whole product chain to meet requirement of HACCP, EU laws or Japanese laws, they gm can cooperate with other international companies to deal with issue The exchange rate l.c also has positive effects on export Policy makers should take it into consideration an Limitations and recommendations for future research Lu 6.3 om when designing monetary policy n y te re the study alone cannot view the whole picture of the export market More researches va The results of this study can help government in doing right strategy; however, 37 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to with other aspects are recommended to have better inferences Limitation of this study p ie gh is data, when some countries and period cannot be observed In the future, we highly recommend a study to be conducted in a larger scale and broader time period to provide a universal result with fewer errors w n a lo d th u yj an lu la p yi n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re 38 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to REFERENCES p ie gh Ababouch, L., Gandini, G., Ryder, J., & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2005) Causes of detentions and rejections in international fish w n trade Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations a lo d Alam, R (2010) The Link between real exchange rate and export earning: A th u yj cointegration and Granger causality analysis on Bangladesh International p yi 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Eastern 42 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Nguyen, A V T., & Wilson, N L (2009) Are food safety standards weighing exports p ie gh down? A theoretically-consistent gravity model approach on seafood exports to the EU, Japan and US In Paper submitted to the International Agricultural w Trade Research Consortium Meeting, Ft Myers, FL Retrieved from n a lo http://iatrc.software.umn.edu/activities/annualmeetings/themedays/pdfs/2009De d th u yj c-WilsonNguyen.pdf an lu la p yi Nguyen, B X (2010) The determinants of Vietnamese export flows: static and dynamic panel gravity approaches International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2(4), p122 n va m ll fu Nguyen, M (2004) Export of Vietnamese Agricultural and Seafood Products to the European Union: Indetify Barriers in Terms of Environmental Standards z at nh oi Hanoi: Political Publisher Otsuki, T., Wilson, J S., & Sewadeh, M (2001) Saving two in a billion:: quantifying z vb k jm ht the trade effect of European food safety standards on African exports Food Policy, 26(5), 495–514 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(01)00018-5 gm Parkin, M (2010) Economics : global and Southern African perspectives Cape om l.c Town: Pearson Education South Africa Lu Pham, T H H., & Nguyen, T D (2013) Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Real n va y te re Approach Journal of Southeast Asian Economies (JSEAE), 30(3), 250–262 an Exchange Rate Linkages in Vietnam: Evidence from a Co-Integration 43 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Phuong, N T., & Minh, T H (2005) AN OVERVIEW OF AQUACULTURE p ie gh SECTOR IN VIETNAM Retrieved from http://library.enaca.org/NACAPublications/NASO/Vietnam/NASO-Vietnam.pdf w Rahman, M M (2010) The factors affecting Bangladesh’s exports: evidence from the n a lo gravity model analysis The Journal of Developing Areas, 44(1), 229–244 d th u yj Ryuzo, M (2003) The effects of yen depreciation policy in Japan Economic Review, an lu la p yi 54(2), 114–125 Timbergen, J (1962) Shaping the world economy Suggestions for an International Economic Policy’, New York n va m ll fu Trang, N T H., Tam, N T T., & Nam, V H (2011) An inquiry into the determinants of Vietnamese product export z at nh oi United States Trade Representative (2015) TPP-Chapter-Summary-Sanitary-andPhytosanitary-Measures-1.pdf Retrieved December 2, 2015, from z vb k jm ht https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/TPP-Chapter-Summary-Sanitary-andPhytosanitary-Measures-1.pdf gm Weldemariam, H G (2009) Modeling Determinants of Ethiopian Export: A Gravity l.c an n va http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1525443 Lu Science Research Network Retrieved from om Approach (SSRN Scholarly Paper No ID 1525443) Rochester, NY: Social y te re 44 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to LIST OF APPENDICES p ie gh Appendix 1: List of 15 European countries w n a lo d th Austria Italy Belgium Luxembourg Denmark The Netherlands Finland Portugal France Spain u yj Germany Sweden p yi Greece The United Kingdom an lu la Ireland n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re 45 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Appendix 2: Regression Results p ie gh Table A.1: Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test for random effects lnexport[id,t] = Xb + u[id] + e[id,t] Estimated results: | Var sd = sqrt(Var) + lnexport | 6.376327 2.525139 e | 3963064 6295287 u | 1.63788 1.279797 Test: Var(u) = chibar2(01) = 650.47 Prob > chibar2 = 0.0000 w n a lo d th u yj an lu la p yi Table A.2: Hausman Test n va Coefficients -| (b) (B) (b-B) sqrt(diag(V_b-V_B)) | fixed random Difference S.E -+ -lnoutput| 1.116588 1.02414 0924485 1056427 lngdp | 1.050473 1.210843 -.1603708 1.128103 foodsafety | 3677957 4746713 -.1068756 b = consistent under Ho and Ha; obtained from xtreg B = inconsistent under Ha, efficient under Ho; obtained from xtreg z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb Lu an H0: no first-order autocorrelation F( 1, 16) = 16.666 Prob > F = 0.0009 om Table A.3: Wooldridge test for autocorrelation in panel data l.c gm Test: Ho: difference in coefficients not systematic chi2(3) = (b-B)'[(V_b-V_B)^(-1)](b-B) = 121.80 Prob>chi2 = 0.0000 (V_b-V_B is not positive definite) n va y te re 46 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Table A.4: Theoretiacal Gravity Model with importer fixed effect consisting of p ie gh heteroshekasticity and serial correlation w n a lo d th u yj an lu la p yi n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re 47 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export tn to Table A.5: Theoretical Gravity Model with importer and time fixed effect consisting of p ie gh heteroshekasticity and serial correlation w n a lo d th u yj an lu la p yi n va z at nh oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Lu an n va y te re 48 (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export (Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export(Luận.văn).impacts.of.food.safety.regulations.on.vietnam.seafood.export