0417 Fighter 5 lores IELTS PRACTICE TEST LISTENING 20 PART 1 Questions 1–10 Questions 1–6 Complete the table below Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer Questions 7–10 Complete the form below[.]
IELTS PRACTICE TEST LISTENING 20 PART Questions 1–10 Questions 1–6 Complete the table below Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer UNIVERSITY SPORTS CENTRE Registration Form Surname: Danvers First names: Davina ID Number: Address: 22 Street, LZ2 43D Faculty: Telephone number: Email address: @internet.com Questions 7–10 Complete the form below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer UNIVERSITY SPORTS CENTRE Gym Membership Level of membership Price What’s included Gold Package £500.00 Free Access booking No time restrictions Silver Package £ Free Access (except sauna) Bookings: Dedicated windows Maximum six sessions per week Package £50.00 Limited Access Bookings: 10 only First-come, first-served Maximum four sessions per week 104 IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 104 2023/4/20 下午1:13 LISTENING 21 PART Questions 11–20 Questions 11–16 Where can you find each of the following items? Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–G, next to questions 11–16 Places 11 A top drawer of your desk B middle drawer of your desk C bottom drawer of your desk D stationery cupboard E storeroom F kitchen G filing cabinet H bookshelf headset 12 new notepads 13 printer inks 14 blank forms 15 first-aid kit 16 fire instructions Questions 17–20 Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 17–20 17 The employees will mostly deal with orders for A general housewares B electrical appliances C cleaning products 18 The greatest number of orders are currently received A by post B by phone C online 19 What new service is the company offering? A personal collection B book a delivery slot C click and collect 20 Problems with orders should be passed on to A the accounts department B customer services C a supervisor IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 105 105 2023/4/20 下午1:13 LISTENING 22 PART Questions 21–30 Questions 21 and 22 Choose TWO letters, A–E What TWO factors the two students decide to focus on in the research project? A B C D E the attitude of the staff the range of food available the queuing arrangements value for money overall atmosphere 21 22 Questions 23 and 24 Choose TWO letters, A–E Which TWO things does the female student agree to do? A B C D E write a questionnaire select consumers to interview enter findings on a computer produce graphical information check the original research 23 24 Questions 25 and 26 Choose TWO letters, A–E Which TWO things does the male student agree to do? A B C D E write draft questions design a questionnaire get their tutor’s approval analyse the data from the questionnaire find people to complete the questionnaire 25 26 Questions 27 and 30 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C 27 The students are organising focus groups in order to A fulfil their course requirements B have an influence on changes to the canteen C respond to a request from the canteen management 28 The purpose of the focus groups is to A be a source of further quantitative data B establish the validity of the quantitative data C provide a background to the quantitative data 29 Each of the focus groups will include a maximum of A five participants B six participants C eight participants 30 The principal role of the facilitator is to A guide the group discussion B take notes on the group discussion C make a recording of the group discussion 106 IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 106 2023/4/20 下午1:13 LISTENING 23 PART Questions 31–40 Questions 31–40 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer BASKING SHARKS Physical Features Size: The world’s 31 Maximum Length: 10 metres fish Distinctive Features: the size of its mouth the absence of 32 Conservation Status History: Previously hunted for oils contained in its 33 Current Status: in the 34 ‘ ’ category Threats: Human activity The main threat comes from 35 Habitat: It typically feeds in 36 (reduces threat) Current Research Focus: migratory behaviour Two main aims: a) does the fish migrate between 37 b) does the fish migrate at different 38 Methodology Research is focussed on areas known as 39 Three different types of 40 techniques are in use IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 107 107 2023/4/20 下午1:13 IELTS PRACTICE TEST ACADEMIC READING READING PASSAGE You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on Reading Passage The Amazing Tuna Fish Long prized as a food item, tuna is now being relentlessly overfished Once regarded as a lowly sandwich filling, tuna fish has gone upmarket as a food item in the last sixty years, with an annual global market value of around $5.5 billion Of the many varieties of tuna fish found in the world, the skipjack tuna is a cheap plentiful fish, which has seen the biggest rise in global annual catch in the last fifty years, with 2.5 million tons caught annually, much of which is canned This is closely followed by the yellowfin with 1.5 million tons caught a year, and the bigeye at 0.5 million tons The meat of these two varieties is often eaten raw, with the latter being particularly popular in Japan With its mild texture and white meat, the albacore is another popular canned tuna fish, with 0.25 million tons caught annually Overfishing is a problem for tuna fish, and the conservation status of the main varieties varies from ‘vulnerable’ in the case of the bigeye to ‘near vulnerable’ for the yellowfin and albacore There are three varieties of bluefin tuna, the Pacific, Atlantic and southern These are not extensively caught, they are much less common, with the Pacific variety the only bluefin to escape the ‘endangered’ category This, in common with the skipjack tuna, is put in the ‘least concern’ category Of the three bluefins, the southern bluefin is both the least numerous and least caught because it is regarded as a ‘critically endangered’ species The tunas are super-charged fish, streamlined to perfection and jammed with state-of-the-art biological gear The characteristics that distinguish them include great size, great range, efficient swimming stroke, warm bodies, large gills and clever physiology of the heart All of these reach their apogee in the bluefin The three species of bluefin – the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern – have divided the world’s oceans among themselves, and they roam all regions except the polar A bluefin tuna swims with its mouth open, forcing water past the gills in a process called ram ventilation Its gills have up to thirty times more surface area than those of other fish, and they extract nearly half of the oxygen dissolved in the water If a bluefin ever stops swimming it suffocates Tuna are unique amongst bony fish in their ability to keep key parts of their body warm Rather than lose heat to cold water in the gills like most fish, tuna have heat exchange systems – a network of tightly packed parallel blood vessels that allow the transfer of heat between warm and cool blood moving in opposite directions As a result, heat is retained in the body tissues rather than being lost through the gills The bluefin is one of the fastest fish in the ocean, thanks to a combination of physical characteristics Its large tail and the tapered shape of its body give optimum streamlining, as does the fact that some of the fins retract or fold into a depression in the body Tuna have a greater proportion of red muscle fibre than other fish, favouring long-distance swimming over short bursts And while most fish swim by undulating along their entire length, a tuna’s body remains relatively rigid while only its tail whips back and forth Bluefin tuna are highly migratory fish, crossing seas around the world in yearly cycles of spawning and feeding At least two groups share the Atlantic One spawns in the Gulf of Mexico, the other in the Mediterranean The groups mingle in the centre of the ocean Some fish even spend years on the opposite side of the ocean from where they spawn In evolutionary terms, the bluefin is a relatively modern fish, yet its relationship with humanity is ancient Japanese fishermen have caught Pacific bluefin for more than 5,000 years The Haida people of the Pacific Northwest region of North America have hunted the same species for at least as long, based on the evidence of discarded bluefin bones in their settlements Stone Age people painted Atlantic bluefin tuna on the walls of Sicilian caves Iron Age fishermen – Phoeni¬cian, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Moroccan, Turkish – watched from promontories for the arrival of Bluefin schools at their Mediterranean spawning grounds ‘Bluefin helped build Western civilization,’ Stanford University professor Barbara Block, an eminent historian, said ‘Across all the Mediterranean, everybody netted giant tuna The bluefin have annual migrations in through the Strait of Gibraltar, and everyone knew when they came In the Bosphorus there were thirty different words for bluefin and everyone put out nets that had different names in the different countries Netting created cash.’ Bluefin meat was traded and the coins of the Ancient Greeks and Celts had giant bluefin on them 108 IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 108 2023/4/17 上午9:21 ACADEMIC READING Questions 1–7 Complete the table below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer Type of tuna Annual catch Main use Conservation Status skipjack canned 1.5 million tons eaten raw near vulnerable bigeye 0.5 million tons eaten raw albacore canned near vulnerable not extensively caught xxxxxxx least concern Atlantic bluefin not extensively caught xxxxxxx southern bluefin not extensively caught xxxxxxx critically endangered bluefin million tons million tons Questions 8–13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? Next to each statement, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Only one species of bluefin tuna is found in the polar regions A bluefin tuna fish has to keep moving in order to survive 10 The tail of a bluefin tuna tends to remain rigid 11 Atlantic bluefin tuna generally spawn in the middle of the ocean 12 Artistic representations of bluefin tuna date back to prehistoric times 13 The practice of netting bluefin tuna originated in the western Mediterranean IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 109 109 2023/4/17 上午9:21 ACADEMIC READING READING PASSAGE You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage A Forest in the Sahara A Scientists have always thought that there might once have been a forest covering parts of what is now the Sahara Desert in North Africa In 1863 that the British explorer HB Tristam mentioned in his travel writings The Great Sahara – Wanderings South of the Atlas that the wood used by the local Tuareg people to make saddles for their horses must have come from a locally sourced, hard wood similar to juniper The western world would have to wait another 60 years, however, before there was confirmation and a botanical description of the tree in question, the Tarout This came in 1924, when Captain Duprez, a French soldier posted to Fort Chalet near the foot of the plateau wrote to a botanist friend in Paris to say that he had discovered a tree with very unusual foliage and habit at a place called Tamrit That tree, it seems is still alive and well B Sadly any forest had long since gone, but Duprez had located around 20 such trees strung out along a threemile stretch of the Tamrit riverbed This still represents one of the highest known densities of the species, whose population average is less than one tree per square kilometre And the trees are quite tricky to spot, the trunks often hidden in deep valleys cut long ago by the once surging rivers From afar these large trees could easily be mistaken for mere bushes These are the scattered remnants of a once great forest, tenaciously clinging to life atop a two-thousand-metre high plateau in the far south-eastern corner of Algeria, in an area aptly named Tassili N’Ajjer, literally ‘The Plateau of Chasms’ C With scant visual references, scale is exceedingly difficult to judge and it is only when one gets closer to the trees that their enormity becomes apparent Most are huge, with girths in excess of three metres; many are even larger, up to a maximum recorded height of 22 metres The trunks are covered in a thick, shaggy, rust coloured bark, with deep, longitudinal, sand-filled cracks The branches are contorted and the crowns often mutilated, having snapped in the fierce winds that rush across the plateau, filling the void created by the hot, rising Saharan air some 2000 metres below Roots lay exposed along the dry alluvial riverbeds, the uppermost surface blasted by sand to reveal the densely textured, twisting grey wood grain D Originally, only a handful of the Tarout were known, their seeds thought to be sterile, and extinction was anticipated within just a few years However, in the decades following their discovery, three cases of natural seedlings were reported by Maire (1952), Camus (1958) and Debazac (1961) New trees keep being discovered, hidden in the labyrinth of the rockscapes The first full census was carried out in 1972 by the Algerian Forester Said Grim, who set out on the greatest challenge of his career – determined to find every last one of the Tarout It took three months of trekking (there is no vehicular access to the plateau) to complete a tour of the trees following anecdotal evidence of locations from the Tuareg herdsmen he met along the way In the last census, carried out in 2002, there were ten newly germinated trees, 13 newly discovered trees and 20 deaths from flooding, cutting or burning Capti E The pollen record shows that at one time these trees would have had a natural distribution right across the Sahara, from the Atlas to the Nile In a place where the inhospitable terrain is seconded only by the equally inhospitable climate, and where humans have been cutting and grazing in the region for at least the past 3000 years, it is a marvel that there are any trees left at all Yet despite all of this, here they are: a testament to nature’s resilience Not only that, but the tree has adapted well to current Saharan conditions In coping with such extremes, these trees have developed some unusual strategies The Tarout is the first plant known to produce offspring just from its pollen, a process known as male apomoxis With such a small population the tree would normally have to in-breed, leading to high rates of genetic disease, but the Tarout is able to clone itself from just the male pollen, using the female cone merely as an incubator that supplies no genetic material to the young seed 110 IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 110 2023/4/17 上午9:21 ACADEMIC READING F Tarout are also capable of halting their growth, producing no growth rings for periods of several years Conversely, studies at the University of Algiers have also shown that the trees can take quick advantage of extremely brief wet cycles – even winter frost and morning dew – sometimes adding more than one growth ring per year To illustrate how adept these trees are at making the most of every last drop of available moisture, consider the juvenile trees, capable of adding radial growth at a rate of 2.23 milimetres per year Compare this to the Moroccan Cypress, which enjoys between 400 and 500 milimetres of annual rain, yet only achieves a mean annual growth rate of 1.4 milimetres a year G The varied growth patterns of the Tarout, dependent on fluctuations in the micro-climate, make it difficult to correlate rings to specific years, and therefore calculating the trees’ ages by ‘counting rings’ is simply just not possible Radiocarbon dating techniques have been used instead, on core samples and dead wood taken from trees most representative of the population They reveal that those of average width, at around three metres in circumference, are generally estimated to be around 600 years old, but that the age of those at around seven metres girth is often over 2000 years As the trees get older, growth slows considerably These relict conifers are listed as a critically endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and are one of the twelve species chosen to highlight serious threats to species worldwide Questions 14–21 Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A–G Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A–G, in boxes 14–21 on your answer sheet NB You may use any answer more than once Caption TBC 14 the discovery of an untypical concentration of tarout trees in one place 15 a prediction about tarout trees that proved to be incorrect 16 a unique feature that may help to explain the tarout’s survival 17 evidence of how the tarout trees are adapted to their climatic environment 18 an explanation for why individual trees are not easy to find 19 an observer who showed a previous assumption to be valid 20 details of the tallest known tree in the species 21 proof that the tarout trees are still reproducing IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 111 111 2023/4/17 上午9:21 ACADEMIC READING Questions 22 and 23 Choose TWO letters, A–E Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet Which TWO of the following statements is true of the first census of the tarout trees? A It tried to find all the tarout trees in existence B It included a number of individual trees thought to be dead C It relied heavily on local people for information D It discovered a new sub-species of tarout tree E It was carried out by a team of researchers Questions 24–26 Complete the sentences below Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer 112 24 Young tarout trees can grow by as much as 25 The method used to establish the age of the tarout trees is called 26 The largest tarout trees may be much as annually years old IELTS PRACTICE TEST Fighter 5.indd 112 2023/4/17 下午12:49