(Luận Văn) Propose Solutions To Integrate Reducing Emission From Deforestation And Forest Degradation (Redd+) In The Protection And Development Of Forests In Na Ri

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI THU HANG a lu n n va p ie gh tn to PROPOSE SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRATE REDUCING EMISSION FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION (REDD+) IN THE PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS IN NA RI DISTRICT - BAC KAN PROVINCE oa nl w BACHELOR THESIS d nv a lu f an Study Mode : Full-time ul : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center z : 2010-2015 at nh Batch oi lm Major z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va Thai Nguyen, 15/ 01/2015 ac th si Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program : Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name : Nguyen Thi Thu Hang Student ID : DTN1053110070 Thesis Title : Propose Solutions to Integrate Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in the Protection and Development of Forests in Na Ri District - Bac Kan Province Supervisor : Dr Tran Thi Thu Ha a lu ABSTRACT n va Price sensitivity of forest conservation can turn into a very efficient way to n tn to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that is why efforts to reduce emissions from p ie gh deforestation and reduce forest degradation (REDD+) has been integrated to enhance oa nl w forest carbon stocks available Bac Kan conditions suitable for building distribution of benefits systems under REDD+ because of large areas of degraded forest and if d nv a lu regeneration, it can quickly absorb carbon, and soil conservation water f an Bac Kan province is considered as the potential to implement REED+ The ul oi lm research was carried out in Na Ri district of Bac Kan province Through the results achieved from data collection, actual survey and data analyzing, this nh at research points out that the total forest area of Na Ri is about 74,700 z z gm @ accounted for 88% of total area of district, it has the potential to sell carbon credits The coverage is high but the quality still low due to mostly of forest area om l.c is plantation forest The impacts and main causes of forest degradation are also an Lu mentioned here Due to forest degradation, people’s life and ecological n va ac th i si environment are at risk, they have to face to natural disaster, climate change and worse ecological environment The main causes of this situation are: the income of local people is still low and unstable; the management is weak From those, I propose some solutions to integrate REDD+ in the protection and development of forest here such as: planning, technical, administrative, economic and propaganda measures by using SFM as overall framework and continuing strengthened the protection and management of forest in Na Ri These results can help communities realize more clearly the serious a lu n impact of forest degradation and loss of forest, also for the people to understand n va the main causes leading to undesirable changes in climate And understand their tn to part of the responsibility for preventing, responding to and mitigating the effects p ie gh of climate change To themselves every individual, every organization in the oa nl w community to build their self-consciousness in the prevention, mitigation and coping with the consequences of deforestation and forest degradation brought To d a lu minimize, the significant loss of life and property as a result of climate change in nv f an the coming years Especially for those individuals, the region, the region suffered ul at nh minimize the damage oi lm a direct result of it, the need to enhance vigilance and construction measures to z : REDD+, forest degradation, solutions, integrate, z Keywords om l.c an Lu Submission of : January 15, 2015 Date : 50 gm Number of pages @ protection n va ac th ii si ACKNOWLEDGMENT To accomplish this thesis, I would like to thank the teachers in Centre of International Training and Development, as well as the teachers in the Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry have dedicated teaching and communicated to me the valuable knowledge during study time in the university I beg to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Dr Tran Thi Thu Ha, she was devoted to guide, and help me in the process of implementing this projects and writing graduation reports a lu n Finally, with deep gratitude, I sincerely send to my family and friends who n va helped me a lot mentally and physically to complete the academic program and tn to graduation reports p ie gh In the process of implementing thesis, by my experience and knowledge oa nl w are limited so inevitable errors and defects I look forward to the participation feedback from teachers and students to my thesis to be more complete and can be d a lu widely applied in practice f an nv I sincerely thank you! ul oi lm Thai Nguyen, January 15, 2015 at nh Student z z @ Nguyen Thi Thu Hang om l.c gm an Lu n va ac th iii si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale .1 1.2 Research’s Objectives .4 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses a lu 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Definitions n n va PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Sustainable development and Sustainable forest management .6 tn to 2.2 Overview of REDD+ 10 p ie gh 2.3 Characteristics of Bac Kan province and Na Ri district 14 PART III METHODS 21 Materials 21 3.2 Methods 23 oa nl w 3.1 d PART IV RESULTS 26 a lu 4.1 Current status of forest in Na Ri district in the period of 2009-2014 26 nv Proposing Solutions to Integrate REDD+ in the Protection and ul 4.3 f an 4.2 Impacts and main causes of forest degradation 35 oi lm Development of Forests in Na Ri District 39 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 43 nh Discussion 43 5.2 Conclusion 45 at 5.1 z z gm @ REFERENCES 46 APPENDICES 49 om l.c an Lu n va iv ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1: Barbier’s integrated approach to sustainable development Figure 2.2: Administrative map of Na Ri District 18 Figure 4.1: Graph of the forest area proportion by districts in total forest area 28 of Bac Kan province Figure 4.2: Synthesis of forest cover in Na Ri District 29 a lu LIST OF TABLES n n va Page Table 2.1: Variation of forest resources Bac Kan period 1999-2012 14 p ie gh tn to Table 1: The variation in forest area Vietnam during 1943-2012 Table 2.2: Land use situation in Bac Kan 15 Table 2.3: Area of forest and non-forested land by types of forest in Bac Kan oa nl w Table 4.1: Land Use situation in Na Ri District 15 26 d 28 Table 4.3: Summary the current situation of forest land allocation as a result 31 f an nv a lu Table 4.2: Forest area by function of Na Ri District of the review in Na Ri District ul 32 oi lm Table 4.4: Area of forest land by the state of Na Ri district at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va v ac th 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(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS a lu n Commune People's Committee DARD Department of Agriculture and Rural Development FPD Forest Protection Department GHGs Greenhouse Gases MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development NP National Park NR Nature Reserve PCI Provincial Competitiveness Index REDD+ Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation SFM Sustainable Forest Management n va CPC tn to SUF Special use forest p ie gh United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UN-REDD REDD+ program of United Nations oa nl w WCED UNCED World Commission on Environment and Development d f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va vi ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Vietnam’s tropical forests are important both for environmental services and values and for forest products However, Vietnam’s forest heritage has been severely undermined by forest loss and degradation The annual loss of natural forests in Vietnam is around 100,000 (MARD, 2000) This loss has a wide range of social, economic, and environmental impacts These problems include the so-called downstream impacts – those felt in the lowlands, whose a lu n environmental health (for example water and soil) depends so much on the n va ecological processes of the highlands (GoV, 2005) p ie gh tn to The area of forest land in our country in 2012 was 13.9 million hectares, accounting for 40.7% of land natural (Ha, 2007) Forest area was increasing oa nl w during many last decades but natural forest area was continuing decrease that leads to forest degradation/environmental degradation Furthermore, in recent d a lu years, due to the many reasons, subjective forests of our country have been nv f an severely reduced in quality of forests It is also a reason of increasing green oi lm ul house gases emission at nh The decline of forest resources first expresses and clarifies through the z decline in the area Previously most of Vietnam country covered by forest, but z gm @ only about a century, heavily degraded forest In colonial times, many large tracts om l.c of land in the South have been cleared to grow coffee, rubber, tea and some other crops By the mid-twentieth century, almost the jungles of the Red River Delta, a an Lu large part of the Mekong Delta with forests on the coastal lowlands have been n va cleared for cultivation and building villages At this point the remaining forest ac th 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(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri covers of 43% of natural land Thirty years of war followed by a period in which Vietnam's forests were shrinking rapidly More than 80 million liters of herbicides and 13 million tons of bombs with over 25 million hole bombs, incendiary bombs, along with the giant bulldozers destroyed more than million hectares of tropical forest types (FPD, 2012) Table 1: The variation in forest area Vietnam during 1945-2012 Unit: million Year 1945 1976 1985 1995 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 a lu n Type of forest n va Total area of 14.3 11.2 9.9 9.3 12.7 13.2 13.4 13.5 13.9 14.3 11.1 9.3 8.3 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.4 Plantation Forest 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.0 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 Coverage (%) 43 33.8 30 28.2 28.0 39.1 39.5 39.7 40.7 tn to forest Natural Forest p ie gh oa nl w Source: Forest Protection Department, 2014 d Although forest cover has increased quickly in the last ten years, in a lu f an nv general this has only occurred in production forest land as a result of natural oi lm ul regeneration after shifting cultivation, or of plantation establishment on bare-hill land (de Jong et al., 2006) The quality of such regeneration forest is very low nh (GoV, 2005) Moreover, the old growth natural forests, which account for only at z z 6% of the total forest area of Vietnam and are reserved as conservation forests, @ gm are still threatened, and continue to be lost through illegal logging (Ha, 2007) om l.c The protection and special use forest categories are located in the most environmentally vulnerable places, where this loss would lead to serious threats an Lu to ecological systems such as loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and loss of n va ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri catchment values The maintenance and restoration of upland forests are critical to these functions, but have not yet been realized Thus, the uplands of Vietnam remain in a situation of continuing forest loss, of a degrading environment, and of poverty Bac Kan province was chosen as one of six pilot provinces participated cooperation Programme of the United Nations on "Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, sustainable management of forest resources, conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in Vietnam” And Na Ri a lu n was also chosen as one of pilot districts to implement REDD+ program va n Therefore, we need to find the causes and solutions for forest protection tn to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a p ie gh mechanism being designed to provide financial rewards to forest owners and oa nl w users Under the mechanisms, countries will measure and monitor the emissions of CO2 resulting from deforestation and degradation within their borders d a lu Derived from the pressing issues above, entitled “Propose solutions to nv f an integrate Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ul oi lm (REDD+) in the protection and development of forests in Na Ri district - Bac at nh Kan province” to define the causes of forest degradation then propose solutions z to integrate REDD+ in the protection and development of forests in Na Ri District z gm @ of Bac Kan province The result of this study could be useful to local managers om l.c and policy makers to make decision how to integrate REED+ in the forest protection and development plan as long-term strategy toward sustainable forest an Lu management n va ac th 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(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri Therefore, the Kim Hy Nature Reserve is currently "butchered" a blatant way by the loggers Trees still down! On an area of less than 500m2 in the areas of limestone forests in Che Co village, Con Minh commune, there are 12 trees gnashing, mulberry trees and one indigo was cut The new clenched trees are cut longer still red, green leaf For every grinding cut, dragging on a number of other trees fallen, flora around almost disappeared completely Due to low income from forest, people's life is difficult, they willing to a lu n deforest to earn money and improve their daily life According to Che Co n va villagers, every clenched cut, often cut into cubes of 20 cm thick, width of 45-60 tn to cm, sold 150000 VND/cube, if shipping to the forest gate about 180000 VND, p ie gh and shipped out to the road cars cost 220000 VND/cube, because of high profits, oa nl w many locals were associated with illegal loggers The object of extraction, transportation, purchase, sale of illegal timber is d a lu mainly local people living within the core area of the reserve They are poor, nv f an little arable land, livelihood relies on the forest After 2010, the program 661 ul oi lm ended, local residents no longer benefit from the resource forest protection at nh contracts, so life was more difficult Forest ranger force was thin, the z arrangement of the local forest ranger station, the forest gate station is irrational, z gm @ yet often barred the critical sites om l.c Responsibility for performing their duties of some staff Ranger is not high, especially in the Ranger staffs take charge of not stick to regular patrols an Lu n va 37 ac th 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of forests and forest management in the province, not only drastically departments, associations of communes actively collaborated with the rangers’ forest and agencies in preventing and handling objects deforestation, a lu n where there is manifest cover, or dodge, afraid collision va n The coordination between the force function as Ranger, Police, Army and tn to local governments are not closely synchronized, effectively preventing and p ie gh handling is not high, not dismantling the top smuggled sugar wire timber trade in oa nl w the province Due to the mountainous province, rocky forest terrain is common, far d a lu away from residential areas; some rare types of wood are also more than other nv f an forest types, notably wood group I, II as Nails, Lim…, the current management ul oi lm of these forests also faces difficulties at nh Although the local government has made great efforts in the management z and protection of forests, but to thoroughly solve the status of illegal logging is z gm @ still difficult issues According to authorities, population in the highland farm om l.c land cultivated by little each year should still rely on the forest for logging and non-timber forest products to address their daily needs, plus the profit made from an Lu wood brought to the state illegal forest exploitation complicated Moreover, the n va 38 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri district also has a large area of forest land should not be allocated, so forest degradation has occurred due to the situation "everybody's business is nobody's business" From the fact that the logging behavior in Bac Kan province is still complicated and increasingly sophisticated as the offenders were conducted sawn wood at night, on holidays, fitted reducing sound pipe into the exhaust of sawing gas in order to avoid detection by authorities On the other hand, forests and forest land are vast, complex terrain, far from downtown; transportation is a lu n difficult, and rangers are thin, so the exploitation and illegal transport still occurs n va in the direction of the complex, increasingly sophisticated tricks tn to 4.3 Proposing Solutions to Integrate REDD+ in the Protection and p ie gh Development of Forests in Na Ri District oa nl w To adapt with local circumstances, in the forest sector, mitigation strategies in the forest sector can be grouped into four main categories: reducing emissions d a lu from deforestation; reducing emissions from forest degradation; enhancing forest nv f an carbon sinks; and product substitution ul oi lm From these above tables (table 3, 4, 5) we can see, the area of forest land at nh has the ability to integrate REDD+ payments for environmental services help z increase revenue for forest management people are great, so the program z om l.c contribute to the protection of this valuable forest gm @ payments for environmental services (PES)/REDD+ will be expected to Using SFM as an overall framework which helps ensure that adaptation and an Lu mitigation measures are synergistic and balanced with other forest management n va 39 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri objectives and take into consideration the economic, social and environmental values of forests This research provides guidance on what forest managers should consider in assessing vulnerability, risk, mitigation options, and actions for adaptation, mitigation and monitoring in response to climate change Recommended actions for climate change adaptation address impacts on: forest productivity; biodiversity; water availability and quality; fire; pests and diseases; extreme weather events; sea-level rise; and economic, social and institutional a lu n considerations A range of mitigation actions is provided, along with guidance on n va the additional monitoring and evaluation that may be required in forests in the tn to face of climate change p ie gh To monitor and manage the area of forest, some solutions were proposed as oa nl w we need to have the following measures: Planning measures; Technological measures; Administrative measures; Economic measures; Propaganda measures d a lu In addition, to protect forests we should continue to be strengthened and nv f an innovated, including the form, content dissemination Protection Law and ul oi lm developed forest deep in the masses of bordering communes Strengthen at nh coordination between the Ranger, Police, Army and local governments z Aggressive raids dismantled the line, gangs mining, transporting illegal timber z gm @ constant om l.c In the long run the entire limestone forest to set up a project granted by competing people management mechanisms and policies must be consistent an Lu benefit for people with food or participating in forest protection delivery Having n va 40 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri support policies for the people participated in protect forests especially in local, stabling life for people living near the forest, creating jobs, developing socioeconomy, giving advances science and technology into manufacturing, building economic models poverty alleviation improve the lives of people, the new restrictions status of illegal logging areas bordering forest Moreover, based on experience drawn implementation of Phase I of the UN-REDD program, to conduct effective and timely Phase II, need to implement the following solutions a lu n First, continue to improve the technical capacity of the measurement, report n va and verify the implementation of REDD+ to conduct an investigation, surveying tn to the forest support to calculations, determine the amount of carbon, and determine p ie gh the amount of emissions of forests and the results will be verified by an oa nl w independent third organization, public information with a transparent management system d a lu Secondly, ensure the sustainability of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, nv f an because forests are threatened by logging and non-timber forest products ul oi lm Protection and development efficiency, sustainable response to climate change at nh was devastated by natural disasters, converted to uses other so REDD+ projects z must demonstrate and ensure complementarily of resources forest, showing the z gm @ difference in value (benefit) than when REDD+ projects are not conducted om l.c Thirdly, build the benefit of transparency, openness of many forest types, many participants in the management and protection of forests, ensuring the an Lu n va 41 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri sets of problems: (i) Organizing and managing REDD+; (ii) Organization of payment services for REDD+; (iii) Monitoring for REDD+ Fourthly, ensuring to prevent and reduce emissions shifted location Fifthly, ensure the effectiveness of the monitoring system This is a challenge for monitoring carbon stocks under very difficult households in Vietnam because many households forest management but limited capacity, leading to difficulty in sharing the benefits of the application of REDD+ measures on individuals and colleges involved in the project a lu n Sixthly, need to coordinate between agencies and units involved in the n va project, between central and local donors, between agriculture and rural tn to development and environmental resources Integrating REDD+ policy p ie gh development at both the macro and micro levels oa nl w Seventhly, strengthen the organization soon at all levels of state management in forestry from the central to local levels to facilitate and promote d a lu the role of local governments (especially commune) in the management and nv f an protection and development of forests ul oi lm Eighthly, promote the socialization of the forest to make significant changes at nh in delivery schedule of forest land, overcoming many local organizations were z not brave enough for natural forests and plantations community villages, z om l.c gm @ households and individuals to promote REDD+ implementation an Lu n va 42 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion When integrate REDD+ to the management, protection and sustainable use, we have to implement activities of protecting existing forests, conserving biodiversity, improving coverage and price value of forests, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve people’s life, decrease forest degradation, increase the ability of forest about absorbing carbon, and conserving soil as well as water resources in the research area a lu n Through the methods of data collection, actual survey and data analyzing, n va this research points out that: tn to - The total forest area of Na Ri is about 74,700 accounted for 88% of p ie gh total area of district, it has the potential to sell carbon credits The oa nl w coverage is high but the quality is low due to most of forest area is plantation and restoration forest Besides, forest degradation still occurs in d a lu the district although district Party has many efforts to minimize this f an ul The impacts and main causes of forest degradation are also mentioned oi lm - nv situation at nh here Due to forest degradation, people’s life is at risk, they have to face to z natural disaster, climate change and worse ecological environment The z gm @ main causes of this situation are: the income of local people based on weak and natural disaster om l.c forest is still low and unstable; the management of local government is an Lu n va 43 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri - From those causes above, some solutions are proposed to integrate REDD+ in the protection and development of forest here such as improving the planning, technical, administrative, economic and propaganda measures by using SFM as overall framework In addition, we should continue to be strengthened and innovated the protection and management of forest to ensure the implementation of REDD+ From the results above, some recommendation are suggested as follow: - The project research only focused on a small scale and duration of the a lu n study is limited while the potential impact of deforestation on Bac Kan in va n particular and all of the country in general is very serious and needs p ie gh tn to - further research Based on the obtained results from the research process, the respectfully oa nl w request is that the leaders should pay close attention over the management and protection of forests in Na Ri district in particular and in general for d a lu Bac Kan province to have measures to promptly respond and mitigate the nv f an effects of deforestation for the people ul There are needed more funds from various sources and local governments oi lm - at nh and will have more policy supporting to local people, especially the poor z to protect and develop forests in order to improve people's lives and their z om l.c gm @ income that contribute to poverty reduction in district area an Lu n va 44 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri 5.2 Conclusion This research has been initially identified forest area, the management and protection of forest in Na Ri district as well as the impacts and causes of deforestation Since then identify existing problems and propose solutions to integrate REDD+ into managing and protecting forest and sustainable development of forests, contribute to improving people's lives Besides, from the obtained results, the research also contributes to determine the direction to implement REDD+ replicated throughout the province and the country a lu n The results achieved also can help communities realize more clearly the n va serious impact of forest degradation, and for the people to understand the main tn to causes leading to undesirable changes in climate and their part of the p ie gh responsibility for preventing, and mitigating the effects of climate change To oa nl w themselves every individual, every organization in the community to build their self-consciousness in the prevention, mitigation and coping with the d a lu consequences of deforestation and forest degradation brought To minimize, the nv f an significant loss of life and property as a result of climate change in the coming ul oi lm years Especially for those individuals, the region, the region suffered a direct z the damage at nh result of it, the need to enhance vigilance and construction measures to minimize z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va 45 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri REFERENCES Article in collective work Barbier, E.B (1987) The concept of sustainable economic development, Environmental Conservation, 14(2): 101-111 DARD of Bac Kan province (2014) Framework outline: “Building programme of action for greenhouse gas emission reduction from deforestation and forest degradation (PRAP) Bac Kan period 2014 – 2020”, Management Board of UNREDD program phase II of Bac Kan province, 2014 a lu de Jong, W., Do, D.S and Trieu, V.H (2006) Forest Rehabilitation in Vietnam: n n va Histories, realities and future, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), tn to Bogor p ie gh Ferguson, I.S (1996) Sustainable Forest Management, Oxford University Press, Melbourne oa nl w Forestry department of Bac Kan (2012) Inventory report Gonzalez, P., Hassan, R., Lakyda, P., McCallum, I., Nilsson, S., Pulhin, J., van d a lu Rosenburg, B and Scholes, B (2005) Forest and woodland systems, in nv f an Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current state and trends - findings of the ul oi lm condition and trends working group, eds R Hassan, R Scholes and N Ash, Island Press, Washington, pp 585-621 nh at Ha, T.T.T (2007) Contesting policies: rural development in Vietnam, in Doi z z Moi in the Mountains gm @ Higman, S., Mayers, J., Bass, S., Judd, N and Nussbaum, R (eds) (2005) The on implementing new standards, Earthscan, 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(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri ITTO (1992) Criteria for the Measurement of Sustainable Tropical Forest Management, ITTO Policy Development Series 3, International Tropical Timber Organisation (ITTO), Yokohama 10 MARD ( 2000) Ho So Nganh Lam Nghiep (Vietnam Forestry Profile), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Vietnam, Hanoi (in Vietnamese) 11 MCPFE (1993) Resolution H1: General guidelines for the sustainable management of forests in Europe, Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, 16-17 June 1993 in Helsinki a lu 12 UN-REDD program (2010) The UN-REDD ProgrammeStrategy 2011-2015, n The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from n va tn to Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries p ie gh 13 Upton, C and Bass S (1995) The Forest Certification Handbook, Earthscan, London oa nl w 14 WB (2004) Sustaining Forests: A development strategy, The World Bank, Washington, D.C d nv a lu 15 WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) (1987) Our f an Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK oi lm ul 16 Wiersum, K.F (1995) 200 years of sustainability in Forestry: lessons from history, Environmental Management, 19 (3): 321-329 nh at Internet resource z z 17 FAO (2008) Forests and climate change (27 March 2006) Retrieved from @ gm http://www.fao.org/NEWSROOM/EN/focus/2006/1000247/index.html om l.c (Accessed on 23/07/2014) 18 FPD (2012) The status decline of forest resources in Vietnam, “Tieu luan Hien suy giam tai nguyen rung o Viet Nam” an Lu trang Retrieved from n va 47 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri http://doc.edu.vn/tai-lieu/tieu-luan-hien-trang-suy-giam-tai-nguyen-rung-o-vietnam-36034/ (Accessed on 11/08/2014) 19 Lac Viet Informatics Corporation (2014) Na Ri District Retrieved from http://mobile.coviet.vn/detail.aspx?key=huy%E1%BB%87n+Na+R%C3%AC&t ype=A0 (Accessed on 04/12/2014) 20 GoV (2005) National Report to the Fifth Session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, Government of Vietnam, Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/forests/pdf/national_reports/unff5/vietnam.pdf (Accessed a lu on March 2007) n 21 PCI (2011) Lao Cai va Bac Ninh “vuot vu mon”ngoan muc Chamber of n va and Industry of Vietnam Retrieved from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n (Accessed on p ie gh tn to Commerce 11/01/2015) d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va 48 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri APPENDICES Appendix 1: Fieldwork itinerary in Na Ri - Bac Kan No Time/ where Activities Primary fieldwork: 8/10/2014 – 18/10/2014 1.1 8/10-10/10/2014  Undertaking general surveys and establishing a network for the research from local to national levels 1.2  Collecting general information/data in the case study 11/10/201415/10/2014 villages (economic-social, forest resources and environmental issues) a lu n  Testing a set of questionnaires for informants va 1.3 n 18/10/2014 during different periods (first time) Main Fieldwork : 25/10-05/11/2014 p ie gh tn to  Collected GIS database of forest cover and land use 16/10- 2.1  Group discussions and village meetings 25/10-  Interviewing key informants at different levels 30/10/2014 oa nl w (village, commune, district, provincial levels) d  Data collection from quadrant and round sample plots a lu  Collecting secondary data/documentations 1-5/11/2014 f an 2.2 nv  Transect surveys oi lm ul  Checking GIS database in the fields Final cross-checking: 13/11-9/12/2014 3.1 13/11-  Checking GIS database in the fields 23/11/2014  Checking and update missing information in the field 1-9/12/20014  Further update secondary data at nh z z om l.c gm @ 3.2 an Lu n va 49 ac th (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri si (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri lu an n va p ie gh tn to Appendix 2: Inventory data before processing and analysing Table 2.1: Summary of current use of forest land according to review result of Na Ri District w Number of While d oa nl Number of villages Production Protection land forest forest Ân Tình Lương Thành Kim Hỷ 10 Kim Lư 13 Lạng San 13 Lương Hạ 1516.60 Lương Thượng 3171.80 Quang Phong 16 3966.60 Văn Học 1343.60 1343.60 10 Văn Minh 12 3629.30 3377.64 m ll SUF granted Land area Assigned certificates not land area of land use assigned 1207.75 0.00 830.55 318.79 70.00 1719.51 1435.60 1287.46 148.14 0.00 904.67 496.00 530.93 3390.55 0.00 3836.75 2003.06 373.00 5224.24 4209.30 2359.84 1849.16 0.00 1291.77 685.00 2917.53 2784.30 2001.27 444.04 338.99 530.00 275.00 2254.30 1516.60 0.00 0.00 1032.80 476.00 483.80 2228.84 166.37 776.59 1518.10 314.00 1653.70 2941.71 1024.89 0.00 1269.21 350.00 2697.39 0.00 0.00 726.18 423.00 617.42 0.00 1714.60 564.00 1914.70 n oi 2038.30 an forest u nf va an Commune were area of lu No household Total 7227.30 tz z @ gm om l.c Lu 251.66 n va ac th 50 si 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(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri (Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri(Luận.văn).propose.solutions.to.integrate.reducing.emission.from.deforestation.and.forest.degradation.(redd+).in.the.protection.and.development.of.forests.in.na.ri