Lesson planner

Credits Cover © Ilan Zvuluni Lesson Planner Photography Credits Impact Lesson Planner Series Editors: JoAnn (Jodi) Crandall and Joan Kang Shin Publisher: Sherrise Roehr Executive Editor: Eugenia Corbo Managing Editor: Angel Alonso Senior Development Editor: Karen Haller Beer 20 (tl) ©Roberto A Sanchez/E+/Getty Images (tc) ©Christos Arazos/Demotix/Corbis (tr) ©Bulent Ince/E+/Getty Images 21 ©Joe Giddens/EMPICS Sport/Abaca Press 22 ©Iris Brooks/Northern Lights Studio 23 (b) ©Ryan Lash/TED (t) ©Jenny Daltry/FFI (c)©Mikey Schaefer 24 ©Stephen Morton 25 ©Kaz Chiba/Stockbyte/Getty Images © 2017 National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner Student Book Photography Credits “National Geographic", "National Geographic Society" and the Yellow Border 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Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 02 Print Year: 2019 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION impact ng LESSON PLANNER ni Walkthrough 2 ar About the Author and Series Editors 18 Pacing Guides Le Teaching with Impact 19 ap hi c Scope and Sequence 34 Unit Unit Units 1–2 Who Am I? 38 Misunderstood Animals 64 Express Yourself: Flash Fiction 90 Unit Unit Units 3–4 Everybody’s Doing It! 92 Fashion Footprints 118 Express Yourself: Poem 144 Unit Unit Units 5–6 Flying High 146 New Frontiers 172 Express Yourself: Movie Script 198 Unit Unit Units 7–8 Visual Stories 200 Perform and Create 226 Express Yourself: Presentation 252 lG eo gr io na at N 31 Assessment 254 Annotated Workbook Pages Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 265 Student Book Walkthrough Impact, a new four-level series from National Geographic Learning, helps teenage learners to better understand themselves, each other, and the world they live in Impact features real-world content, stunning photographs and video from authentic sources, and inspiring stories from National Geographic Explorers, challenging teenagers to not only understand their world but also engage with it By encouraging self-expression, global citizenship, and active participation, Impact motivates students to explore who they are and Unit ar Le lG eo gr Who Am I? Image captions help students understand the image and make connections with the unit theme ap hi c The Unit Opener uses high-interest photographs to engage students, present the unit theme, and provide opportunities for discussion ni ng who they want to be—all while learning English N at io na “Make sure to be passionate about whatever it is you get into ” —Jack Andraka Friends celebrating Holi, the Indian festival of colors How would you describe the people in this photo? How you think they might describe themselves? Describe yourself in five or six words Now think of five or six words that you would never use to describe yourself What are you passionate about? Why? Each unit highlights one National Geographic Explorer to inspire future global citizens and promote 21st century skills and values Students first meet the unit explorer with a quote connected to the unit theme Discussion questions activate prior knowledge and lead students into the unit SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION A guiding question promotes critical thinking, helps students access prior knowledge, and introduces the context of the main vocabulary presentation Target vocabulary is presented in meaningful Then there’s personality, or the qualities that make you different from other people If you love parties and are enthusiastic about meeting lots of new people, you’re probably outgoing and selfconfident If you get excellent grades in school, chances are you’re organized and responsible If you’re energetic or adventurous, you might like hiking, or getting together with friends to explore a cave! If you’re optimistic, generous, and patient, you might enjoy helping by spending time with animals at a shelter, or by participating in a local clean-up event Personality is tricky You might assume that everyone sees you the way you see yourself, but that isn’t always true Friends may laugh at your stories and think you have a great sense of humor, but your brother might think you’re just odd You may see yourself as ambitious because you’re determined to get what you want, but others may feel you’re 10 N at io na lG eo gr A lot of these questions are about identity, or who you are You’re an individual, but you’re also a product of your family life, your social environment, and your culture Your identity includes your beliefs, your values, and your actions You learned your values from your family, but, as a teenager, you may become less interested in what your family thinks You may choose to spend more time with other people whose values and personalities are like yours That’s natural Le For teenagers, life can seem exciting and confusing at the same time, can’t it? As a teenager, you’re on your way to becoming an adult It’s a time of important changes and important questions ar On the last page, you described yourself in five or six words Would other people use those same words to describe you? Discuss Then listen and read TR: ap hi c ni ng contexts to help students build fluency and confidence to discuss relevant real-world topics stubborn, or unwilling to take advice You may feel self-conscious and shy, while other people may think you’re unfriendly You may think you’re fair, but you may still seem unreasonable or unkind to a friend Understanding yourself and how others see you can really be a puzzle! Learn new words Listen and repeat Work in pairs Make another list of five or six words that describe you, using the new vocabulary Then make a list of five or six words that describe your partner Compare your lists Do you agree with your partner’s description of you? Why or why not? TR: 11 Students work in pairs or groups to practice the new words All target vocabulary is presented on the audio program in isolation, in a contextualized sentence, as well as in the context of the main presentation SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Student Book Walkthrough New vocabulary is practiced in meaningful contexts involving National Geographic Explorers and real-world topics The Speaking Strategy page presents phrases and model dialogues that help students express themselves fluently Read and write the words from the list Spe akIng S tR ategy ambitious determined enthusiastic generous optimistic organized outgoing self-confident Comparing By the time Jack Andraka was 14 years old, he was very fast way to detect a type of cancer When he first proposed his idea, some adults thought that , but he was Jack was being too and entered his idea into an to prove them wrong He stayed People international science fair Jack won! Now he feels more personality and have even asked him to be on TV because of his creative ideas Learn new words Listen for the words Write each trait next to the correct example Are these words positive or negative? Decide Then, listen and repeat TR: and fair odd self-conscious stubborn lG eo gr 2014 emerging explorer, inventor Jack andraka You never change! Just listen to me for once You’re shy? Not me! I’m not shy at all Just like you, I’m self-confident Unlike you, I’m optimistic We’re alike because we’re both patient I’m determined, but you’re just stubborn! Listen How the speakers compare and contrast their little brothers? Write the words and phrases you hear TR: Read and complete the dialogue Dave: My aunt and uncle are visiting this week Nina: You don’t seem very happy about it Dave: I’m not My aunt is always saying, “You’re your uncle Jack!” Nina: Well, are you and your uncle Dave: No, we’re very different and outgoing All he does is watch TV You put salt and pepper on your ice cream? Wow! I like our music teacher In her class, everyone gets a chance to play Nina: Is he funny? Optimistic? Generous, Dave: No way not even on my birthday io na Oh, come on Nobody is looking at you Let’s dance Choose an activity Work in pairs at Together, think of a famous person, such as a singer, actor, or Internet personality Separately, list as many descriptive words as you can about that person Are any of your words the same? Do you agree with your partner’s description? N As a student, you’re an expert on teachers Think about teachers you’ve had, and write words to describe them Look at the positive qualities you both listed Then work together to write a description of your ideal teacher 12 Write the letters in your partner’s name going down the side of a paper Then write a word that describes your partner for each letter When you’re finished, compare your name poems Do you agree with your partner’s description? Contrasting You’re outgoing? So am I! ap hi c about science Jack really wanted to focus on cancer research He came up with a cheap, TR: Le ar ni ng Students learn new target vocabulary and a vocabulary strategy that gives students tools to learn new words on their own ? him, I’m active you? ! He never gives me anything, Work in pairs Take turns Use a coin to move (Heads = space; tails = spaces) Compare and contrast as instructed 10 Work in groups Compare and contrast your parents Are you like or unlike your parents? Do your classmates’ parents seem like or unlike your own parents? go to p 153 Choice activities allow students to make decisions and become active participants in learning They’re encouraged to think critically and creatively as they discover who they are and who they want to be Games provide a fun context for communication SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 13 Grammar charts include natural examples of real-world language Expanded grammar charts with explanations are provided in the Workbook and on the Classroom Presentation Tool Additional target vocabulary is gR ammaR ar ni ng presented in meaningful contexts and applied in the grammar practice 14 Learn new words Read about young chefs, TR: and listen to their conversations Then listen and repeat TR: 10 and 11 Yes She’s outgoing You’ll like her I am I’m not sure I’m ready No, he doesn’t He lives pretty far away Yes, she does She’s really good! No She’s too shy 11 Listen Match the questions to logical answers Write the letter a Yes, it was And we finally won! b Yes, I have to be I’m a teacher c No, she didn’t She said she was sick d He really is He never stops! e Yes, she can And the guitar, too 12 Read Then complete the tag questions Carla and Lea want to join the team, lG eo gr TR: don’t they Maria has changed a lot, so self-confident ? io na Greg’s brothers won’t be at the party, at N 15 Read Then use a tag question to comment Angela really is a talented cook I want to be like her! You aren’t feeling jealous, are you? Pat and Tim refused to talk to Julia, or even listen to her ideas ? You would help us if Ana can’t come, questions and answering them Agree or disagree with your partner Express your opinion national geographic Fellow Chef Barton Seaver ? She’s Your sisters didn’t go shopping, 13 Work in pairs Take turns forming tag On some shows, teen chefs compete to see who’s the best cook These teen chefs can be surprisingly cooperative, even while they’re competing They’ve made friends, and they’re interested in what one another is doing Of course, one chef may be jealous of another chef, but in the end many of them are still helpful and kind to each other as they compete They’re open-minded enough to know that only one person can win, but all of them can be friends—and great chefs ? You’re not as enthusiastic about poetry as your sister, ? Everyone loves cooking shows! The chefs are usually self-confident and energetic, but they’re not always patient or organized, are they? (That’s part of the fun!) They’re almost always very competitive as they cook against each other They want to win by making the best food they can! ap hi c Alicia is friendly, isn’t she? You’re nervous about the competition, aren’t you? Rick doesn’t live near here, does he? Lin also plays the flute, doesn’t she? Sue couldn’t make herself it, could she? Le tag questions: Confirming information or seeking agreement ? Barton Seaver is the most interesting chef around, isn’t he? (name of a place) / most beautiful / place / ever (name of a singer) / most popular / singer / right now (name of an actor) / talented / actor / on TV (name of a video game) / your favorite / video game (name of a movie) / exciting / movie / ever Yes, he really is He has great ideas about food The Whitley twins have seventeen tennis trophies between them Sam won’t join the group to help collect and recycle plastic bottles Here, let me help you clean up those dishes 14 15 Grammar is practiced in context with multiple opportunities for real communication using all four language skills SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Student Book Walkthrough Reading strategies promote New target vocabulary is comprehension and help students become independent readers ni ng presented in the reading and gives students an opportunity to make predictions about the reading topic Have you ever wondered why you are the way you are? What makes you different from, say, your brothers and sisters? 16 Before you read, discuss in pairs Based on the title and the 17 Learn new words Find these words in the reading What you think they mean? Look for clues in the sentences Then listen and repeat TR: 12 perfectionist selfish People have asked these questions for centuries, and researchers are trying to answer them One idea they’re exploring is that birth order influences the person we become In general, the oldest child is described as confident, organized, dutiful, and determined to get what he or she wants Oldest children are seen as born leaders, people-pleasers, and perfectionists Because they’re the oldest, their younger brothers and sisters sometimes see them as bossy, or too willing to tell other people what to Le to ignore spoiled 18 While you read, notice descriptive words ap hi c TR: 13 Why Am I lG eo gr you think apply to you personally N at io na Me? 16 children tend to avoid conflict, they can be flexible and easygoing They may also be seen as secretive by members of their family They are usually more influenced by their friends than by their family, perhaps because they get more attention from their friends ar photo, what you think the reading is about? bossy Readings feature engaging, relevant topics covering a variety of cross-curricular areas The middle child may be described as being competitive in order to get more attention They sometimes feel that their family ignores them because they are in the middle Because middle The youngest child is described as the baby of the family They can be spoiled by their parents, who spend a lot of time with them and often give them what they want For this reason, their brothers and sisters sometimes get jealous Youngest children enjoy being the center of attention, and they are seen as outgoing, openminded, and likely to take risks What if you’re an only child? Many people think that a child with no brothers or sisters grows up wanting lots of attention Some think they’re selfish, or unwilling to share with others But because they spend so much time around adults, they’re also described as confident, determined, and responsible 19 after you read, discuss the questions in groups What’s the main idea of the reading? Does birth order seem like a good way to describe personality? Why or why not? Based on your personal experience, does the information in this reading seem correct? If not, why not? 20 Work in pairs Separately, go back through the reading and underline all the words you think describe you Then read your list to your partner Based on your list, can your partner guess your birth order? What is it? 21 Work in groups What other factors might affect your personality? Write two or three ideas Briefly explain how each factor on your list might affect you Then discuss your ideas in groups 17 Before reading During reading After reading activities provide activities help students make predictions about the reading activities guide students and help them stay focused students with opportunities to react and respond to the text, and to make connections between the reading and their lives SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Meaningful, relevant, and timely topics are presented through videos from National Geographic and other sources, as well as animated infographic videos created specifically for this series Before watching activities help students ng make predictions about the video After watching activities provide students with ni While watching activities guide students opportunities for discussion and reflection ar and help them stay focused 22 Before you watch, discuss in pairs 23 Work in pairs The video you are going Look at the photo What the group members’ clothes say about their identity? to watch is called What Makes Up an Identity? From the title, predict the main idea of the video Circle the correct letter lG eo gr a The video will discuss your identity in comparison to that of your family and friends ap hi c Le VIDE b The video will talk about things that you like and that help shape your identity that the video says are important parts of your identity sports clothes gadgets food music house pets other people 25 after you watch, work in pairs Circle the correct letter According to the research, music can make us happier and a smarter b more c more organized determined A personal style is important to help you a fit in One in clothing c both a and b teens is obsessed with wearing designer a two b four a music b clothes Parents help c twenty 26 Work in pairs The video describes four main areas that make up your identity Discuss each of those areas in your own life 27 Discuss in groups At the end of the video, you’re asked, “What else makes you you?” Answer the question in your group Then share your responses with the class with happy memories c food a influence our world view N 18 b stand out Nearly all teenagers associate at io na c The video will suggest ways you can make yourself better 24 Watch scene 1.1 While you watch, check the factors b choose our friends c choose our music 28 Choose an activity Work independently Choose a classmate or teacher to interview about what makes up his or her identity Write a profile of this person and share it with the class Work in pairs Write a description of your clothing in relation to your identity Have your partner the same Then compare your results Does your partner have the same view of your style as you do? Discuss Then switch roles Rea Iktetsa pantsula, a dance group from Soweto, Johannesburg, South africa Work in groups Create a “happy memory” cookbook Survey at least five classmates about meals that give them happy memories Have the classmates describe the meals Take notes, and then compile the information into a cookbook to share with the class 19 A choice activity supports learner autonomy and allows flexibility in the classroom by offering opportunities for individual, pair, or group work SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Student Book Walkthrough Grammar charts include natural Students learn the basics of academic writing and are introduced to a variety of writing genres examples of real-world language Expanded grammar charts with explanations are provided in the Workbook and on the Classroom Presentation Tool Models written at the student level WRItIng TR: 14 It’s weird that we’ve had so much rain I hate it when the alarm goes off It drives me crazy when I have to hurry 29 Listen How is it used? Write the number Compare: alike Contrast: although both in the same way too but on the other hand unlike 33 Read the model Work in pairs to identify the parts of the writing How does TR: 15 the writer compare and contrast? Underline the words or phrases to introduce weather to introduce time to introduce distance to introduce emphasis 30 Work in pairs Write down three things that you don’t like to happen Use it in your sentences Then share them with your partner It makes me a little angry when people interrupt me in a conversation lG eo gr 31 Work in pairs Write down three things that you like to happen Use it in your sentences Then share them with your partner I like it when people give me compliments about my appearance io na I come from a large family, and I share personality traits with several family members But it’s clear to me that I’m most like my grandfather, although we’re different in some ways, too ap hi c It’s raining again Another bad hair day! It’s six o’clock already Wake up! It’s a half-mile walk from here We’re late! ar When we compare and contrast two people or things, we use phrases such as the following: Using it to talk about weather, time, and distance, and for emphasis Le gR ammaR ni ng provide examples for students to follow My grandfather and I both like to spend time outdoors We both enjoy riding our bikes and watching sports We’re adventurous, too I really like to go fishing with my grandfather We’ll catch our dinner together, then cook and eat it at our campsite We both love nature We’re alike in that way We also enjoy working in his garden to grow fruits and vegetables It’s a different story when winter comes Unlike my grandfather, I love being outside in the snow I like to have snowball fights with my friends, but he likes to sit by the fire and read Sometimes he and I play cards, although I don’t really enjoy that very much I’m too energetic to sit for so long! On the other hand, when we play one of my video games, I have fun because I’m competitive My grandfather isn’t competitive at all He’s also sort of slow! But it doesn’t really matter to me what we together I like being with my grandfather and spending time with him We’re a good fit! 32 Work in groups Make the cube Take turns tossing the cube and completing the sentences 20 N at It drives me crazy when my friends don’t return my texts! different? Do you think they’re more alike than different? Explain go to p 155 Grammar is practiced in context through engaging activities and games 34 Work in pairs How are the writer and his grandfather alike? How are they 35 Write Compare and contrast your personality with that of a family member 21 Step-by-step pre-writing and drafting support is provided in the Workbook Optional worksheets guide students through the five steps involved in process writing: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION The Mission page features National Geographic Explorers as role models who embody the 21st century skills and values teenagers need to become successful global citizens Le ar ni Make an Impact ng A variety of projects build 21st century skills through independent research, discussion, and presentations using a variety of media A plan and conduct a survey about personality traits ap hi c • Decide which traits you want to ask about Include positive and negative traits • Write the survey Be Determined lG eo gr “Why not you? Why can’t you come up with the next great innovation or cure?” —Jack Andraka io na National Geographic Explorer, Inventor Watch scene 1.2 22 A quote by the Explorer and a Meet the Explorer video help students connect with these inspirational people who are making a difference in the world B plan and write a report on other factors that influence personality • Search the Internet for information on your topic • Write your report • Present your research to the class C Write an advice column • Write a letter to an advice columnist about a problem that young people face • In groups of three, read your letters aloud Then discuss the problem and give advice Take notes • Compile your group’s questions and responses in an advice column Make copies of your column to share with the class N at It took Jack Andraka 4,000 tries to find a protein he needed for his experiment It took him 200 tries to find a lab research scientist who would accept his project What three words best describe Jack? How hard you try to get something you want or need? Do you give up easily? Would you try 200 times? 4,000 times? How would you feel if you were unsuccessful so many times? • Interview ten people Record and report the results 23 Project choices allow students to take charge of their own learning and choose their preferred way to use the language they learned to synthesize and reflect on the unit topic SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Listen and read As you read, notice similarities and differences between the two designers TR: 18 10 Read and check T for True or F for False Rewrite any false sentences as true Mo’s bowties are eco-friendly because they’re made of old fabrics T ✓ Awesome Accessories F ✓ Entrepreneurs aren’t interested in business opportunities ✓ People who donate items expect to be paid for them ✓ Madison’s company benefits children and animals Entrepreneurs are always thinking of new ideas and of ways to expand their businesses People donate to help others or to support a special cause or charity As a young girl, Madison Nicole Robinson spent a lot of time on the beaches where she grew up At the age of eight, she drew a flip flop on paper and added sea characters that she created When she showed her dad saying, “Look dad, FishFlops®!” he knew they would be a success 11 Read “Awesome Accessories” again How are Madison and Mo similar? Different? Fill in the Venn diagram Madison wrote to a big fashion retailer, who was very interested in selling her product Madison’s FishFlops® became immediately popular The young entrepreneur soon appeared in online media and was interviewed on major news channels and in well-known business magazines Madison He makes bowties He sews and is expanding his company to include socks and ties ni Madison gives talks to inspire others to be creative, have a positive attitude, and never give up She also believes in giving back She has donated 20,000 pairs of FishFlops® to charities and children’s hospitals Part of the sales of her footwear at zoos and aquariums goes directly to protecting wildlife in danger Mo Both They had their ideas when they were young; they’re both young people and entrepreneurs; they help others ng She draws and designs footwear She helps wildlife ar Moziah Bridges (“Mo” for short) is another young entrepreneur with big ideas When he was only nine years old, his grandmother gave him a sewing machine It inspired him to design and sew colorful, eco-friendly bowties from old fabrics Moziah’s bowtie styles became trendy very quickly With his mother’s strong support, he started his own company called Mo’s Bows Since then, he has appeared in fashion and business magazines, and on TV Now a teenager, he has plans to design more than bowties He is currently developing a line of skinny ties and socks In the future, he hopes to even design furniture for the home Le 12 You have now read about four young designers: Santana Draper, Maya Penn, Madison Robinson, and Moziah Bridges Imagine you could work with one of them Who would you choose to work with, and why? Sample answer: I would choose to work with Maya because she creates original Mo’s mother always told him to “dream big now,” and he is doing that He also helps others with their dreams Moziah donates part of his profits from the sale of a special bowtie to fund a summer camp scholarship for kids ap hi c clothes and accessories She uses lots of different types of fabric which make her pieces unique I am also passionate about protecting the environment, and it’s great that some of the profits go to this cause 38 5/8/16 10:38 AM GR AMMAR Modals: Making suggestions and giving advice about present and past actions PRESENT could + verb should + verb We could dry these clothes in the sun We could save on electricity You should reduce your fashion footprint You should recycle your clothes io na PAST Could have + past participle You could have saved those jeans You could have made them into shorts Should have + past participle We should have returned those leather pants We should have bought the cotton pants could + verb and could have + past participle are usually used to make suggestions should + verb and should have + past participle are usually used to give advice at a You shouldn’t wear that It’s too casual for a party d I’m going to dye this white shirt a _ nice bright red b Maybe you could return it to the store and exchange it f Look! I bought four T-shirts and _ got another one for free! c You could have given it to me I know how to fix jewelry a How does this outfit look for the _ party? d You should use a natural dye, not toxic chemicals c My green necklace broke, so I _ threw it away e You could give them to a smaller friend or family member b I don’t like this shirt, but it was a _ birthday gift f You shouldn’t have bought them You have too many already! N e Last year’s clothes are too small _ for me now 15 Read Lola’s blog Write back to her and comment on her problems Make suggestions and give advice Disaster day! I came home from soccer practice to find my room a total mess! My 7-year-old sister and 10-year-old brother looked through all my things, including my closet You won’t believe what they did My brother took the blanket from my bed and made a kind of tent-castle Then he took my scarf collection and made a huge, long “snake” with my scarves My sister took all my clothes out of my closet to make a princess outfit Then my brother “rescued” the princess from the snake that was attacking the castle What a mess! You should relax They’re just kids Be patient! Your brother and sister seem creative! You should just have fun with them You could have told your brother and sister to stay out of your room TR: 19 You could have given them to a charity or friends with children Sample answer: Dear Lola, You shouldn’t get angry with your brother and sister They are only young You shouldn’t have bought the expensive coat and just enjoying themselves You should have locked your bedroom door Who You should buy the plain one He could have bought just one pair! was looking after the children? He or she could have made sure the children You could have dried it on the clothes line You could recycle them and use them as cleaning cloths ate in the kitchen At least no serious damage was done! 40 OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 40 274 Workbook 5/8/16 10:38 AM And that’s not all They brought their snacks with them Now I have breadcrumbs everywhere and chocolate stains on my white skirt And I still can’t find one of my sneakers Now I want to go into their rooms and make a mess Then they’ll understand how it feels! 13 Read and match the sentences Write the letter on the line 13 14 Listen Write a comment for each situation OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 39 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 38 39 41 5/8/16 10:38 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 41 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:38 AM Workbook Now I Can . .  WRITING We use persuasive writing when we want to convince readers to adopt our opinion about an issue Using facts and statistics helps make an argument stronger Remember to use phrases such as these: • according to • points out that • research shows that talk about fashion and my fashion footprint Sample answers o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Why you wear the clothes you wear? • the facts show that • recent studies support • states that I wear brightly colored clothes because they make me feel energetic! What’s one thing you could to reduce your fashion footprint? I’m going to buy clothes from companies that use natural ways of dyeing fabric 16 Organize Your topic is Reducing Our Fashion Footprint Look through Student Book Unit and find examples of facts and statistics that can support your position Do some research on the Internet to find additional information Make a list of your important facts and statistics here use the present passive voice to describe processes Then, o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice After that, the pieces are the jeans are sewn together prewashed, (sometimes with First, the jeans are assembled ng stones) Finally, the jeans are purchased ni use could and could have to make suggestions; use should and should have to give advice Read and respond to the comment below Use a form of could or should o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice I threw away all my old coats Plan your writing You’ll need an introductory paragraph with a topic sentence Your topic sentence will state your main idea Write your topic sentence here ar You could have given them to a charity You shouldn’t have thrown the coats away Le You’ll need two to three body paragraphs Explain your position Support it with facts and statistics present and support my opinion Finally, you’ll need a concluding paragraph It will summarize your main idea and include a “call to action” on the part of your readers ap hi c that can be used instead Wool, for example, can be used for making warm winter Go to p 71 in your book Reread the model and writing prompt coats Using wool does not harm the sheep and helps farmers Write your first draft Check for organization, content, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Choose an activity Go to p 93 Write your final draft Share it with your teacher and classmates 42 5/8/16 10:38 AM Units 3–4 Review lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 42 Every year, (1) b of geese (2) a to look for food and nesting locations They fly in a V-shaped (3) b io na 44 N b mimic b allows b leader b formation b stand out There didn’t seem to be The friends a a joined the flash mob b went off to talk a Write Change each sentence so that the meaning is the same Use the present passive for 1-4 and could, should, could have, or should have for 5-8 People use smartphones to scan barcodes are used to scan barcodes Smartphones c prefer c assumes c crowd c collection c remain b Carla b a got on the bus b got off the bus a a a leader b a coordinated formation Textile mills make half of all cotton collected into clothes is made into clothes Half of all cotton collected Machines pull long pieces of dry cloth through a container of hot dye Long pieces of dry cloth are pulled through a container of hot dye Read the article Fill in each blank with the correct word The first letter of each word is given They have traditionally been Fleece jackets have become very (1) t rendy more by climbers, but now they are (3) p opular in cities (2) w orn too as they are warm and (4) a ttractive riendly and leaves a very Sadly, though, this outdoor jacket is not eco-(5) f negative (6) f ootprint on the environment They advise farmers to use fewer toxic chemicals Farmers are advised to use fewer toxic chemicals One possibility is to buy your clothes without synthetic dyes You could buy your clothes without synthetic dyes The fleece jacket is full of tiny pieces of plastic that flow into our waterways and then into our rivers and oceans every time we wash it These tiny pieces absorb dangerous (7) t oxic chemicals like a sponge Fish think the microplastics are food and eat them This eventually has an mpact on our own food as the fish ends up on our dinner tables (8) i However, it’s not just (9) s ynthetic material that contains these plastics They are also present in (10) m anufactured food products, soaps, and toothpastes esponsibility Manufacturers need to take greater (11) r , and we should also our (12) p art by choosing our food carefully OWI_2_WB_72660_044-045_U04.indd 44 More and more people a stood up b joined in a mimicking each other b choosing a leader at a assemble a assembles a flock a migration a wait for There was b a too much space b not enough space b It looked like the dancers were to look after the weak goose until it can fly It seems that geese can teach us a lot about teamwork and also about caring for each other’s well-being 10 b a enough people b many people When geese fly together, each goose provides an extra upward lift for the goose flying behind it This means that flying together in a V-formation (7) b the whole flock to fly 70 percent farther with same amount of energy than if each goose flew alone When the goose in front of the formation (who uses the most energy) gets tired, it moves to the back of the group Another goose then becomes the (8) b at the front If a goose becomes sick or injured during (9) a , two geese will (10) c behind c swarms c hunt c crowd c collective c efficient system Listen Choose the best ending for each sentence TR: 20 At first, there weren’t Scientists have studied the (4) c behavior of geese and realized what an (5) c it is Geese can reach their destination more quickly and use less energy if they (6) a and fly together in this formation b flocks b breed b formation b potential b troop 5/8/16 10:38 AM When people heard the popular music, they a assembled and started singing b assembled and started dancing Working Together Like Geese a herds a migrate a circle a crowd a mimic 43 OWI_2_WB_72660_034-043_U04.indd 43 Read Choose the correct word to complete the sentences o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice because animals should not be killed for fashion There are many different types of fabrics 17 Write wrong Wearing fur is (right / wrong) Why didn’t you buy clothes without polyester and nylon? You should have bought clothes without polyester and nylon It would be nice if she asked to borrow my hat could ask She to borrow my hat Why did you wash your wool sweater in the machine? You ruined it! shouldn’t have washed your wool sweater in the machine You 45 5/8/16 10:39 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_044-045_U04.indd 45 5/8/16 10:39 AM Workbook 275 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Unit Flying High adaptation Read the clues Unscramble the words Then decode the sentence and decide if it’s true or false w e i g h t ighwet i f tghifl l i d n i evolved Wings probably of insects’ aquatic ancestors Measured in pounds or kilos e g s p g h t a n Distance between wing tips wololh h o l l o w Empty leray e a r l y Not late o a r e a t a p oras s tfuresea f falp f l r e s l 10 itmiled i m a 11 tatpadanio d i a t p e d t a t i o n c a p a 13 vevole e v o l b i 13 v l i t The ability to something e b a t i s t h e o n l y m a m m a l 11 13 11 10 f l 12 y 10 11 features skilled reptile Name: capability ✓ flying dragon of flying across half a football field powered by flapping wings but skin on its side allows c The loose skin forms a cape and bird a safe landing chicken Name: limited b They can fly for a flight distance to escape predators weight c Farmers fatten up this bird Its wings can’t support its body 46 5/8/16 10:40 AM Marco Polo had already described man-carrying kites by the time Fausto Veranizio designed a parachute Marco Polo described man-carrying kites Fausto Veranizio designed a parachute in 1595 Da Vinci drew a sketch of a parachute in 1485 io na Long before Veranizio designed his parachute in 1595, Da Vinci had drawn a sketch of one We use the past perfect tense (had/hadn’t + past participle) to talk about a completed action that happened before another action in the past g Daedalus designed wings h Daedalus designed a labyrinth d He had a son and named him Icarus i Icarus fell into the sea e Daedalus committed a crime j They escaped started The Chinese allow people Although originally, the Chinese uses, they later Before paper had flown used ascend commit design had designed He forget jump a labyrinth, so King Minos could imprison the Minotaur Although Daedalus and his son had been imprisoned in a tower, wings had allowed them to escape had jumped Before they took flight, they (start) flying kites, early humans (try) to imitate birds had used tried Listen again Complete the sentences Use the past perfect forms of the verbs from the box TR: 23 Daedalus was exiled to Crete because had committed a crime he at N had tried Listen to the ancient Greek myth Number the events in order TR: 22 c Daedalus was exiled to Crete experimented (experiment) with kites 2,500 years had existed (exist) for millions of years Long before the Chinese 5/8/16 10:40 AM b His son flew too close to the sun Complete the sentences Pay attention to which activity happened first By the time the Chinese ago, animal flight 47 a He and his son were imprisoned in a tower 10 f The sea is named after Daedalus’s son We can use certain time expressions with the past perfect, such as long before, before, by the time, and until that time OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 47 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 46 Past perfect: Distinguishing the first of two actions in the past ✓ blowfly Name: a It’s a myth that chickens aren’t capable of true GR ammaR ✓ of its flight mechanism are among the most complex in the world Animal group: Is this statement true or false? ✓ wings at controlling its flight ap hi c o 10 hollow 150 times per second b The b Its flight isn’t A 11 ✓ and stay up in the air insect c It is a It has the Write the letters according to the numbers to answer this question: What is the only mammal to fly? t soar flap Animal group: Develop and improve over time ✓ to flight than reptiles Listen Write the animal group and name of the animal being described Complete the information TR: 21 a It can A change to improve life in an environment y F ✓ of the first reptiles was over 10 meters (32 feet) Animal group: Not great or high in size or number 12 ytilibapac The movement of wings up and down 10 T ✓ to help them fly The wind helped reptiles Characteristics 11 wingspan Adaptations over millions of years meant that mammals became weight lighter in Fly upward u wingspan The weight to fly Mammals learned to fly because of their light, The action of flying 12 features Bats developed soar from body features adaptation Mammals had an earlier Float in the air hollow capability ng sapwnnig w l features ni g evolved ar degli capability Animals haven’t always had the Le Complete the sentences with words from the box Then decide if the sentences are true or false based on the information on p 79 of your book (use) kites for measuring and signaling before (try) to use them for transportation had designed (design) kites for military (use) them for fun and entertainment out of the tower had forgotten Icarus fell into the sea because he had ascended and he Complete the story Circle the correct word and write the verbs in the past perfect tense Daedalus was a (1) skilled / stable architect who (2) made his father’s words too close to the sun had designed (design) many great works He was imprisoned with his son in a tower for showing his (make) kites cheaper, the Chinese royal family (fly) silk kites (3) drawings / weight and (4) forces / features of a labyrinth From the tower, Daedalus observed how birds were adapted to (5) weight / flight with the help of wings Daedalus and his son (6) had flown (fly) like birds and escaped Daedalus warned his son not to (7) descend / ascend too close to the sea or to (8) ascend / descend too close to the sun However, Icarus powered himself toward the sun by (9) supporting / flapping his wings The wings weren’t (10) stable / skilled because the wax melted and the (11) force / weight of gravity gradually pulled him down Poor Icarus! Things might have been different if his father (12) 48 OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 48 276 Workbook had designed (design) a (13) wingspan / parachute instead! 49 5/8/16 10:40 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 49 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:40 AM Workbook Listen and read As you read, notice how aerial vehicles have evolved TR: 24 Write Answer the questions How is this article different from the article on p 89 of your book? This article talks about flying vehicles without human pilots The article in the book describes how humans tried to fly Reach for the Remote Control What is a remotely controlled aircraft? An aircraft that flies without a pilot on board What was the first remotely controlled aircraft used for? It was used for carrying bombs Even before 1903, when the Wright Brothers’ dream of human flight had finally come true, remotely controlled aircraft were being tested mainly by the military For example, during the American Civil War (1861–1865), the military used unmanned (no pilot) hot-air balloons to carry bombs This wasn’t successful partly because of weather conditions Later, in 1883, the first photo from the air was taken using a kite, a camera, and a very long piece of string Are UAVs now used more in the military or in everyday life? They’re now used more in everyday life Why are some people nervous about the future of airlines? because some day airplanes and UAVs will have no pilots People have been piloting planes for over 100 years, so it makes sense that flight is now evolving into machines that don’t need pilots, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones These machines with no pilots are becoming more and more popular How can UAVs help the environment? ng They are eyes in the sky over huge areas and can observe threats to forests and wildlife easily from above UAVs mainly come in three sizes There are large vehicles that might one day carry passengers without pilots, and medium-sized ones that are very similar to those used by the military Then there are much smaller ones, such as quadcopters, that can fit in the palm of your hand How you think a quadcopter might be useful in a damaged building? ni It would fly through the building, sending back images of damage and the injured Rescue workers would know the conditions inside and exactly where trapped people would be Their response would be faster and more efficient Many people are nervous about the idea of a plane without a human But there are already driverless trains between airport terminals, and robo-trains in the subways of many cities We’re slowly adapting to automation first flight UAVs have been described as flying smartphones Maybe one day we’ll see them everywhere, like pigeons in a city! 50 Le Wright Brothers’ first flight 11 Write Imagine that you had your own drone How would you use it? Answers will vary 5/8/16 10:40 AM lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 50 GR ammaR 1903 ap hi c Advances in technology mean that smaller drones have greater capabilities Quadcopters have four rotors that allow them to ascend, descend, and many different movements People are only now beginning to realize their full potential They can be sent into disaster areas or damaged buildings to look for people who are injured or trapped They can search for chemical leaks, or check pollution levels, and they can also be used in new construction ar 10 On the timeline show the evolution of the UaV before and after the Wright Brothers’ Medium-sized UAVs, or drones, are very useful They act like cameras in the sky They’re used for observing wildlife, monitoring protected areas, and mapping ecosystems and farmland OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 51 51 5/8/16 10:40 AM 14 Read the letter of complaint Underline words connected to flight Then answer the questions Past perfect progressive: Describing the first of two actions in the past Animals had been gliding long before they learned to fly Before they designed a powered plane, the Wright Brothers had been designing gliders He had been controlling the plane with a remote control before it crashed io na We use the past perfect progressive (had/hadn’t + been + past participle) to describe a continuous action (something that had been happening), before another action in the past 12 Listen Complete the sentences using the past perfect progressive Before Ryan was seven, he pictures of how birds fly Is my neighbor allowed to fly his UAV over my garden? Yesterday I was watching a documentary for a school assignment when I noticed something flying by the window I thought it was my neighbor’s soccer ball And then, when I went to the kitchen to get some water, I heard an engine and saw something soaring over the backyard fence It was a remote-controlled quadcopter! It descended quickly and I saw the “pilot” as it landed in my neighbor’s backyard I went out and he explained that he is allergic to cats and, for months, had been trying to scare a cat away He’d tried putting hot pepper on the grass and plastic forks in the flowerbeds, but nothing worked! The day before, he’d been using the quadcopter at work to take aerial photos of traffic That’s when he got the idea of using it to scare the cat away TR: 25 had been drawing As I returned to my assignment, I heard the quadcopter take off again I saw the cat come out of his flower garden and jump over the fence into my backyard The UAV followed from above Can my neighbor keep doing this? at Before modern-day flight existed, Leonardo da Vinci had been thinking and writing on the same topic Before Ryan became inspired by the capabilities of new technologies, he had been learning about how dinosaurs may have moved N Jonas Eight years before his research into the color of the Archaeopteryx feather, Ryan had been playing in a punk band called Icarus had been getting While Ryan the Archaeopteryx feather a tattoo, the tattoo artist identified What had Jonas been doing when he saw something outside the window? He had been watching a documentary for a school assignment 13 answer the questions about yourself Use the past perfect progressive Before this school year, how long had you been going to your school? What had he been doing when he heard the sound of an engine? He had been getting some water from the kitchen Answers will vary Before you started this grade, how many years had you been studying English? What had his neighbor been doing for months? The neighbor had been trying to scare a cat away Before you started this activity, how long had you been sitting at your desk? How had his neighbor been using the quadcopter before flying it above Jonas’s garden? Before you started this activity, what had you been doing? He had been using it to take aerial photos of traffic 52 OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 52 53 5/8/16 10:40 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 53 5/8/16 10:40 AM Workbook 277 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Now I Can . .  WRitinG When we write a classification essay, we first introduce the topic (e.g., restaurant) in an introductory paragraph Then, we divide the topic into categories (fast-food, vegetarian, seafood, and so on) Each category gets its own paragraph In each paragraph, we describe the shared characteristics that make up the category Finally, we include a conclusion in which we bring the categories back together again to talk about the main topic talk about the evolution of flying animals and machines Sample answers How did flight evolve in animals? o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Insects developed wings about 350 million years ago that helped them leave the water Reptiles started life as gliders and later developed stronger muscles to flap wings 15 Organize How did flying machines evolve? Your topic is to describe two types of animal flight Look back at the descriptions of flight in different animals in Unit of your book If you prefer, some research on the Internet to find other examples Choose two animals and make notes about their flight characteristics in the chart animal Flying machines evolved from simple kites to gliders that could carry humans The Wright Brothers then designed a plane with light wings and an engine use the past perfect to distinguish the first of two actions in the past animal Rewrite the sentences to show which action came first o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Dinosaurs became extinct Birds became skilled fliers By the time birds became skilled fliers, dinosaurs had already become extinct ng Fausto Veranizio designed a man-carrying parachute in 1595 George Cayley designed the first stable glider to carry a human Fausto Veranizio had already designed a man-carrying parachute before George Cayley designed his glider use the past perfect progressive to describe the first of two actions in the past ni Plan your writing You’ll need an introductory paragraph Here you will state which two animals you are going to describe Include your topic sentence in the introductory paragraph Write your topic sentence here: drive drone rain ar Write two sentences using the past perfect progressive Use the words in the box You’ll need one body paragraph describing the flight of one animal and a second body paragraph describing the flight of the second animal Support your description with facts slippery Paula had been driving for just a few minutes when suddenly she saw a drone The roads were all slippery; it had been raining heavily for many hours Le Finally, you’ll need a concluding paragraph You’ll need to make a statement about the two animals you’ve chosen and about the topic in general write a classification essay to describe two types of animal flight 16 Write How is flight in bats different from flight in birds? Check your final draft Share it with your teacher and classmates o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Bats’ wings have many joints An elastic membrane covers the wings to help them ap hi c Go to p 89 in your book Reread the model Write your first draft Check for organization, content, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice ascend quickly Birds have hollow bones but more rigid wing structures Feathers help control their flight, but they move less efficiently than bats Choose an activity Go to page 94 54 5/8/16 10:40 AM Unit New Frontiers Complete the sentences Then fill in the crossword io na 1 V P R O O 3F A L U S A I N S T I D N A S A T M O S E L A N D S D T U A 10 S A T E L L I T N A R U M E N T S P D E G R E E S P H E R E C T C A P E S 5/8/16 10:40 AM What aspects are similar between Earth and Mars? What aspects are different? Reread pp 94 and 95 in your book and use your own knowledge to fill in the Venn diagram Earth oceans life (animals, plants, micro-organisms), diverse landscapes A L L E Y at OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 55 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_046-055_U05.indd 54 55 Both Mars atmosphere, ice-covered polar caps, mountains, plains, craters, channels, volcanoes, 24-hour days, spin on an axis, seasons large dust storms, bigger mountains and volcanoes, deeper valleys, no signs of life, dry Listen to the information Answer the questions TR: 26 Who was Clyde Tombaugh? He was the astronomer who discovered Pluto What did the Horizon spacecraft detect? It detected volcanoes on Pluto T E S What was the Mars rover, Curiosity, equipped with? It was equipped with ten different types of instruments What were Sputnik and Explorer 1? Down vast The desert seems to have no end It’s so plains Many cereal crops are grown on because they are flat fundamental Water and oxygen are to life aspects Life and water are that fascinate scientists dust storm, they had to clean their roofs and windows After the They were satellites How much oxygen is there in Mars’s atmosphere? There is less than percent of oxygen What are two fundamental requirements for life? Water and oxygen are two fundamental requirements for life Across valley The river ran along the between the mountains proof There is now that water really does exist on Mars Instruments are tools or devices that help scientists their work degrees Temperatures reach 70 Fahrenheit in the summer on Mars atmosphere made up of different gases Earth is surrounded by an landscape The moon’s is full of craters Satellites 10 orbit the Earth and send back information What is the temperature at the equator on Mars at midday in summer? The temperature is about 70 degrees F (20 degrees C) 56 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 56 278 Workbook 57 5/8/16 10:40 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 57 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:40 AM Workbook Gr aMMar Present and past conditionals: Talking about unlikely (but possible) or impossible situations astronomy geysers habitable hazy satellite seasonal dust Unlikely but possible Impossible If there were life on Mars, we would know about it by now If it had been less hazy, we would have seen the eclipse had known seasonal dust If the team (know) about the would have stayed (stay) inside the base camp storms, they probably If we visited Mars, we would find some aspects similar to those on Earth Rovers might have landed on Mars sooner if space exploration had received more money had been If the weather the team would have continued The mission control center We use if + past perfect, would/could/might have + past participle to talk about impossible or hypothetical events and situations in the past If the scientist The if-clause can come first or second in the sentence When it comes second, no comma is needed: I would travel to Mars if it were possible If Mars were would grow He would have taken (take) a shower, if Mars had had geysers (have) had studied (study) botany, he would have planted (plant) vegetables f If I lived in the United States, _ d I would have asked for proof a If I were a millionaire, _ e I could have become an astronomer d If scientists had discovered life _ on Mars, f I would definitely visit one of NASA’s visitor centers geology, and ng or rivers (see) (want) to study chemistry, astronomy ni e If I had been more curious _ in school, saw The reviewer says that if teenagers would want the movie, they a I would build my own spacecraft and satellite b I might have seen Pluto (be) habitable, the potatoes (grow) outside Number is false It’s a spacecraft they would have put into space, not a satellite Number is false He already is a botanist and would have studied botany c I would visit Pluto ar b If I had had a good telescope, _ (have) a into space Match the sentence halves Write the letter on the line c If there were tours into space, _ , would have rescued (rescue) the scientist if they satellite ready to put We use if + simple past, would/could/might + infinitive (without to) to talk about events and situations that are unlikely to happen in the present or future After I, he, she, or it, use were: If I were an astronaut, I would travel to the International Space Station had had hazy (be) less (continue) their search Write an appropriate ending for each sentence Le Listen to the movie summary Complete the sentences with a conditional Then choose words from the box to complete the remaining blanks Circle the two sentences that are false and explain how you know TR: 27 If the diameter of Earth were greater, there might be more continents If I lived on a plain, I would miss the mountains If a dust storm had suddenly hit my town, I would have closed all the windows ap hi c If more planets had been habitable, I would have lived on Saturn If the temperature were 30 degrees C (87°F), I would go to the beach If my car had been equipped with the technology to travel into the past, I would have traveled back to Ancient Rome 58 5/8/16 10:40 AM lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 58 Listen and read As you read, notice the sequence of different things that need to happen to make the rover move TR: 28 io na at The team writes thousands of lines of computer code to instruct the rover They map out the best, smoothest route to the next destination They include where the rover will stop to take pictures or operate an instrument N read Choose each correct answer b scientists also sleep The team of scientists a a program every movement and task b let the rover make its own decisions Scientists have b a a virtual landscape to practice the rover’s movements b a physical space to practice the rover’s movements An Earth day is b a longer than a day on Mars b shorter than a day on Mars Signals to the rover a a go through satellites b are direct Use the organizer below to complete the sequence of how instructions are given Sample answers: to the rover scientists analyze data and have meetings There’s a lot of pressure to get things right on Mars, but the one easy thing about driving on an empty planet is that you don’t have any traffic coming from the other direction! b how the rover knows what to While the rover “sleeps,” a a scientists prepare the next day’s instructions Well, a sequence of things needs to happen during the Martian night, while the rover is “asleep.” A team of about 200 scientists on Earth analyzes information that the rover sends back They discuss what needs to be done next, and which instruments will be used The work is complicated because the scientists need to calculate how much power each instrument will use Because there are so many instruments, this takes time Distance is another challenge Signals between Earth and Mars have to cross up to 250 million miles (401 million kilometers) of space What is more, the signal isn’t direct It has to go through communication satellites, which takes time 5/8/16 10:40 AM The text is about b a how the rover’s instruments work A high-tech rover with a vast, red, rocky landscape in the background is now a familiar image Curiosity is the name of the latest rover on Mars It cost over billion dollars to build, and it is equipped with highly advanced instruments This technology and the actual voyage to Mars are already incredible But have you ever wondered how you actually drive a rover on a planet several million miles away? Every day, a signal is sent to “wake up” the rover and upload its instructions This is also complex The Mars day is 40 minutes longer than an Earth day, which means the working day and the time when the information is sent are continually changing 59 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 59 Driving on Mars Fortunately, the scientists’ laboratory has an outside area called the Mars Yard It’s full of sand, dust, and rocks of different sizes Engineers use this area to test software and movements on two Curiosity models, and to solve any problems they may have scientists scientists computer codes analyze analyze are data data and and written have have meetings meetings movements scientists andanalyze software data and are tested have meetings instructions are sent through satellites the rover wakes up and follows instructions 10 Write If you were one of the scientists, what would be the greatest challenge for you? Give your reasons Sample answers: The greatest challenge would be the planning because there are so many scientists to work and coordinate with / The greatest challenge is time and distance I would need to be patient because Mars is very far away and all the instructions take a long time to reach it through satellites 60 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 60 61 5/8/16 10:40 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 61 5/8/16 10:40 AM Workbook 279 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook 13 read Underline all the uses of adverbs comparing how things are done Then answer Gr aMMar the questions adverbs: Comparing how things are done The instruments detected water accurately Curiosity has traveled far on the plains of the red planet The instruments worked as accurately as scientists had hoped Curiosity goes as far as scientists want it to The instruments detected water more accurately than before The rover Endeavor has traveled farther than Curiosity The instruments on Curiosity detected water the most accurately Endeavor has traveled the farthest of all rovers so far If I could go anywhere in space, I would go to Pluto We haven’t known much about Pluto until now Even the Hubble Space Telescope couldn’t take pictures of Pluto as clearly as the latest space probe, New Horizons New Horizons was launched in 2006 It took nine and a half years to reach Pluto New Horizons travels faster than any other spacecraft It can travel a million miles a day! Although the probes Voyager and have traveled the farthest in space, they didn’t travel to Pluto as closely as New Horizons With comparative adverbs, use more than; with superlative adverbs, use the most With adverbs that have the same form as the adjectives, use -er and -est: fast, faster, fastest; hard, harder, hardest; near, nearer, nearest A team of scientists on Earth produced the most accurately planned sequence of instructions available so that the probe could make hundreds of observations as it flew by Pluto It sent back the most incredibly amazing photos Although New Horizons is now farther away than Pluto, the small planet is starting to share its secrets ng There are some irregular forms: well, better, best; badly, worse, worst; far, farther, farthest 11 Listen to each pair of sentences Then make changes to the adjective to complete each sentence with the correct use of the adverb TR: 29 than I (healthy) better Voyager and have traveled the farthest New Horizons hurricanes How does the speed of New Horizons compare with other spacecraft? ar as seasonally as New Horizons travels faster than other spacecraft in the solar system (far) more quickly than What didn’t Voyager and as well as New Horizons? scientists They didn’t travel by Pluto as closely as New Horizons Le Do dust storms happen on Mars on Earth? (seasonal) The rovers Spirit and Curiosity found water What took the best pictures of Pluto, the Hubble Space Telescope or New Horizons? at home (good) expected (quick) as carefully as they can (careful) 12 Write Use adverbs to describe how you things compared to your friends or other members of your family How did a team of scientists on Earth make sure the probe could make good observations as it flew by Pluto? Answers will vary They produced the most accurately planned sequence of instructions ap hi c Scientists prepare the rover’s movements Where is New Horizons now It is farther away than Pluto When I bicycle with friends, I can go the farthest I normally sleep the longest in my family / I eat slower than my brother 62 5/8/16 10:40 AM We use persuasive writing when we want to persuade, or convince, our readers to agree with our opinion One way to organize this type of essay is by presenting both sides of the argument, point by point Present one argument, and then present your counterargument in the same paragraph io na In the next paragraph the same Present another argument, and then present your counterargument Remember to use conjunctions such as but, however, although, and in contrast to link your ideas 14 16 Organize Now I Can . .  talk about space exploration What you think makes space exploration so exciting? Sample answer: Space exploration is exciting because we still know o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice so little about other planets Anything is possible! Would you like to be a space explorer? Why or why not? Planets are so far away that I would miss my friends and family too much! use present and past conditionals to talk about unlikely (but possible) or impossible situations Space Exploration o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice at Write a conditional sentence about something that is unlikely to happen in the present If I had the money, I would buy my own airplane Write a conditional sentence that expresses an unlikely situation in the past N argument 5/8/16 10:40 AM Sample answer: I would like to be a space explorer if the journey were shorter Your task is to write about the argument that it’s better to explore the ocean than outer space To persuade your readers, research facts to support your argument Ocean Exploration 63 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 63 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 62 WrITInG ni more healthily Astronauts eat I think astronauts sleep I would have traveled to Mars if there had been a tourist space bus use adverbs to compare how things are done Counterargument Scientists can drive a rover in space (easily) a car on Earth New Horizons has taken In your first paragraph, introduce the two arguments you’re going to discuss Write a topic sentence to lead your reader into your essay Write your topic sentence here We know our solar system more easily than the most amazingly (amazingly) detailed photos of Pluto better than (better) ever before write a persuasive essay about space and ocean exploration You’ll need at least two paragraphs In each, present the argument and then your counterargument o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Present a counterargument for each statement o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Space exploration is important because we can learn a lot about the universe The last line of your essay should make it clear which argument you support Discovering what is on new planets is very exciting, but sending space probes is extremely expensive and takes years to prepare 15 Write Ocean exploration can help us find new minerals Go to p 105 in your book Reread the model and writing prompt New minerals may help scientists find cures to diseases, but deep-sea exploration Write your first draft Check for organization, content, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling could harm the delicate ecosystem which exists there Write your final draft Share it with your teacher and classmates Choose an activity Go to p 95 64 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 64 280 Workbook 5/8/16 10:40 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 65 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 65 5/8/16 10:41 AM Workbook Units 5–6 Review read Choose words from the box to complete the sentences read the situations Write sentences using the past perfect or past perfect progressive with the words in parentheses Voyager and did not get as close to Pluto as New Horizons (travel/farthest/space) They had traveled the farthest in space allow capability descend engines evolve flap flight limited skilled soaring stable support Bats learned to fly 55 million years ago (insects/fly/for millions of years before that) Insects had been flying for millions of years before that The day when we can all have our own jet packs to ascend and descend wherever we want may be closer than (1) we think Pterosaurus were flying reptiles (learn/fly/before birds) They had learned to fly before birds A small probe landed on a comet (travel/through space/many years) capability Up until now, jet packs only had the (2) of remaining in the air for a few seconds Now that jet packs have improved features engines and smaller (3) , companies are racing to bring a practical jet pack out onto the market Of course, the first jet packs won’t be cheap They’ll cost around limited $150,000, so their use will be (4) by price It had been traveling through space for many years Scientists were excited (discover/water/Mars) They had discovered water on Mars had lived If I (think) the stars were gods Businesses will probably be the first to use jet packs commercially, possibly for flying allow people to meetings or delivering products Jet packs could also (8) who work in emergency services, including paramedics and firefighters, to travel across support cities and provide help and (9) quickly ni (patient) anyone for results The Rosetta probe had to go Listen Circle each best answer TR: 30 as fast as ap hi c For 85 years, we only had a hazy picture of Pluto / an artist’s impression of Pluto One of Saturn’s moons has seasonal dust storms / geysers Thanks to a lander’s solar panels, we saw the planet Neptune / aspects of a comet Scientists now have proof that there was once a vast ancient ocean / life on Mars 66 5/8/16 10:41 AM Visual Stories lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 66 Unit oral shock at N subject Read each definition and write the word Then use the letters in the circles to spell the name of a famous artist P Something that is very important and significant M E oral a The student gave an presentation with images on a screen R A I T U L E N I N G F N V A S The people who watch, read, or listen to something A U D I E N C Someone who sees something happen W I T N E S S A L O P I C A S R S O Listen Complete the notes with a vocabulary word Check T for True or F for False for each sentence Then, in your notebook, rewrite the false statements to make them true TR: 31 c The painting was to her audience d The showed their anger when the artist didn’t appear meaningful e The image portrayed a man who was in shock f Her dogs were the her portraits To subject capture After you have the away from the T scenes of rainy weather, change your lenses outdoors image subject Include an animal’s habitat to help the representation of that animal Use the flash on your camera to when there is little light of Water can cause You need to carry permanent certain portraits of people Make by getting to know them first visual portray ✓ ✓ ✓ buildings damage to your camera things with you meaningful last by keeping Help your memories of photos a record of when, where, and of whom the photos were taken 68 F ✓ ✓ you want, walk farther and take the picture again understanding of the size of “big” landscapes Help people’s by including a person, a car, or animals in your photo OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 68 T A The famous artist is R A Spoken, not written saw the thief O C Special cloth to paint on witness witness b The stealing the canvas 5/8/16 10:41 AM An image, usually of somebody’s head and shoulders io na meaningful 67 OWI_2_WB_72660_056-067_U06.indd 67 Complete each sentence with a word from the box Then match each picture to the correct sentence Write the number audience (fast) the comet to travel beside it Pluto has a landscape with plains of solid nitrogen / salt lakes (far) any more patiently than Scientists have been waiting That would be exhausting! In 2015, we discovered that our solar system is full of dust / not such a cold, dark place farther than The New Horizons probe is going spacecraft before it , it’s good to know that whatever flap wouldn’t have seen (not, see) photos of Pluto if the space mission had failed (fail) Le 2 We would have thought (live) 6,000 years ago, I ar evolve As the possibilities (10) happens, there are no wings to (11) read Use forms of the words in parentheses to complete the sentences ng soaring jet So it may still be some time before our airways are full of (5) packs It’s predicted that the first public use of jet packs will be at special flight (6) “clubs” where people can rent them and be taught how to use skilled trainers them by (7) ✓ ✓ ✓ 69 5/8/16 10:41 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 69 5/8/16 10:41 AM Workbook 281 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook GR ammaR Past passive: Describing past actions and processes Listen Complete the sentences with words from the box and the past passive of the verbs in parentheses TR: 32 abstract canvas landscape Thieves stole a Gauguin painting 40 years ago A Gauguin painting was stolen by thieves 40 years ago The Picasso revolutionized art Art was revolutionized by Picasso The town of Guernica Art dealers sold paintings for millions of dollars Paintings were sold by art dealers for millions of dollars masterpiece landscape The town and The passive is more common in formal writing and less frequent in conversation To form the past passive, use was/were + past participle Researchers found simply painted rocks from 10,000 years ago Simply painted rocks from thousands of years ago were found by researchers were printed was used canvas were shown (show) in a new The painting was returned (return) to Spain in 1981 where it now has a ni by Le Ceramic pottery was painted and decorated with stories 70 5/8/16 10:41 AM Listen and read Are you familiar with all the different ways stories can be portrayed? TR: 33 Read and answer the questions The first “screens” were cave walls How are modern images different from images from the past? Modern images are more sophisticated and high-resolution What is a “wearable”? Give an example io na at N Digital screens are on our computers and play stations, and in headsets or helmets with screens inside They show us a virtual reality, a 3D world that allows us to interact with it Digital screens are on our wrists; they’re in our hands on smartphones and tablets; they’re in shopping malls selling products; they’re in cars and airplanes; they’re in photo frames, and even on our refrigerators at home 5/8/16 10:41 AM What were the first “screens” ever used? THE WORLD IS A SCREEN People have always illustrated stories on some sort of screen First, we had cave walls Now, we have tablets, smartphones, televisions, and movie theater screens almost everywhere we go More than ever, our world is becoming one big canvas of sophisticated, high-resolution images—a modern collection of visual stories 71 OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 71 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 70 ap hi c In the past, people made things to last In the past, things were made to last ar Ancient civilizations painted and decorated their ceramic pottery with stories by ancient civilizations style Write Choose a painting by an artist you admire Find out more about it Use the past passive and the vocabulary in the box in Activity to write about the painting Answers will vary Paintings told stories about the past before cameras Before cameras, stories were told by paintings (use) for the painting abstract home Our ancestors recorded history in a permanent way through paintings History was recorded in a permanent way by our ancestors through paintings (destroyed) (print) in the newspapers A mural-size My painting is (portray) in the painting (kill) The subjects permanent Rewrite each sentence in the past passive so that the meaning is the same (bomb) by the German air force were destroyed witnesses Reports by witnesses ng When we use the passive, we usually focus on the action performed, not on the person performing it However, when we use the past passive, it’s more common to focus on the thing or person performing the action We this by using by This is especially true when we talk about artwork and important discoveries were killed shock (paint) by Pablo Picasso was portrayed of war More than 1,600 people permanent was painted was bombed shock The masterpiece Guernica A “wearable” is a device you can wear somewhere on your body, such as a smart watch even identify what we like and then make certain information or products appear on our screens when we shop on the Internet What types of information can a screen tell us about ourselves? A screen can tell us about our health and diet How can we tell our friends stories about ourselves? We can take 360-degree images with a smartphone Social network sites have introduced the possibility of allowing 360-degree videos These videos allow our friends and fans to see the scenes and stories happening all around us We can already experience smells and movement in 4D cinemas Soon 360-degree cinemas will be an experience, too Audiences will feel like they’re right in the middle of a movie scene, watching the action taking place around them As Shakespeare said, “All the world’s a stage.” Now that stage is on a screen! 360-degree video allows our friends to see our stories and everything around us Why you think the writer ends by saying that the stories are more about how we see things through technology rather than what we see? The article talks more about the technology of screens and innovations in this area rather than the type of information we see on the screens List five different places we find screens Write notes for each and describe one way we use that screen Screen Play station Smart watch Fridge Plane seat 360-degree cinema Screens are everywhere, and most are connected to “the cloud.” We can control the stories we see on our screens with our fingertips, with our voices, or with gestures What’s more, screens are becoming an extension of ourselves, a part of our own personal story Screens tell us our heart rates, our stress levels, our exercise levels, and what we’re eating Companies can Use To play video games To see how much exercise I’ve done To control the temperature of the food To watch a movie during the flight To experience being inside a movie 10 Write questions Find out how your friends or classmates use their screens Answers will vary What time of the day you look at your first screen? Do you ever look at two screens at the same time (for example, computer screen and smart phone)? What screen you play games on? Do your parents have a screen in their car? How many screens are there in your home? 72 OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 72 282 Workbook 73 5/8/16 10:41 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 73 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:41 AM Workbook GR ammaR Reported speech: Describing what others say 12 Read Sol’s message to his friend Underline the reported speech Write the actual words She says (that) she can’t draw He said, “I think I will join an art class.” He said he would join an art class “Put the tops on my pens.” The illustrator tells/is telling/told them to put the tops on his pens “Will you help me?” she asked She asked (me) if I would help her people say Hi, Esme, I’m looking for ideas for my end-of-year art project The teacher told us to take a photo of the town that would tell a story My mom laughed and said that was impossible because the town was so modern! My dad told me to take a photo of the river He said that before people built roads, they traveled on the river My uncle says that you can see parts of an old bridge over the river Serge told me to forget the old stuff and take photos of the modern shopping mall downtown My grandma says that my granddad was a shipbuilder, so I should visit the port We use reported speech to tell someone else what another person said (This is different from direct or quoted speech when we quote the speaker’s exact words between quotation marks) When the reporting verb—say, tell, ask—is in the present, there is no tense change to the verb When the reporting verb is in the past—said, told, asked—the verb tenses change as follows: present past will, can would, could Remember to change the pronouns in the reported speech to represent the speaker’s point of view She said, “My friend likes landscape paintings.” She said her friend liked landscape paintings I think my sister had the best idea She asked me if there was one thing that visually represented the town I couldn’t think of one So she told me to take a lot of photos of the town and use a method called collage! To report a command, use told + person + the infinitive with to What you think? Let me know 11 Listen Which picture the speakers talk about? Write A, B, or C Then report what they Thanks, said Complete the sentences Remember to change the pronoun where necessary TR: 34 Sol B C ni A ng She says, “I can’t draw!” The teacher said, “Take a photo of the town that will tell a story.” ar My mom said, “That’s impossible because the town is so modern.” My dad said, “Take a photo of the river.” C He says the subject could be a boy or a girl _ A She said she loved abstract art _ B She said the painting made her want to walk in the country _ C He asked if he could learn to draw Manga _ A He told me to read about abstract art online _ _ C She asked if Manga drawings were always black and white 74 My uncle says, “You can see parts of an old bridge over the river.” Serge said,“Forget the old stuff and take photos of the modern shopping mall downtown.” Grandma says, “Your grandfather was a shipbuilder, so you should visit the port.” My sister asked, “Is there one thing that visually represents the town?” She said, “Take a lot of photos of the town and use a method called collage.” 5/8/16 10:41 AM WRitinG lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 74 He said, “Before people built roads, they traveled on the river.” Le ap hi c B She said landscapes were her favorite paintings _ We use reported speech and quoted speech (when we use quotation marks to surround the exact words a person said) to make what somebody says part of our story In reported speech, changes of pronoun and tense may be necessary As he left, he said, “I’ll be back.” As he left he said that he would be back OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 75 75 5/8/16 10:41 AM Now I Can . .  talk about images to tell important stories “A picture can paint a thousand words.” Do you agree? Why or why not? Answers will vary o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice io na “Sit down and have a slice of cake,” my aunt tells me each time I visit My aunt tells me to sit down and have a slice of cake each time I visit “Do you really like climbing?” my dad asked when I showed him the photo My dad asked if I really liked climbing when I showed him the photo 13 16 Organize use the past passive to describe past actions and processes Rewrite the sentences using the past passive o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice The magic lantern used candles to create a moving image Candles were used to create a moving image at Your task is to choose a photo of a friend or family member and write the story that the photo tells Try to remember conversations you had when the photo was taken Include reported speech and quotations On the lines below, write some of what was said Thomas Edison invented a machine to watch cartoons N A machine to watch cartoons was invented by Thomas Edison Robert Capa took meaningful pictures of the Spanish Civil War Pictures of the Spanish Civil War were taken by Robert Capa use reported speech to describe what others said What did a friend say or ask you yesterday? Sample answers Plan your writing You’ll need an introductory paragraph with a topic sentence Your topic sentence will explain why you chose this particular photo Write your topic sentence here o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice My friend asked me if I had a healthy snack in my bag What did a teacher or parent tell you to last week? My/Our teacher told me/us to visit an art gallery You’ll need two to three body paragraphs Describe the context in which the photo was taken, why it was a memorable occasion, and what people said, asked, or told you write a narrative essay about the story that a photo tells Finally, you’ll need a short concluding paragraph Try to summarize what effect the person in the photo and the place or moment has had on your life If you could choose one photo to frame tomorrow, which one would it be? Why? Remember a conversation connected to the photo 14 Write o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Answers will vary Go to p 123 in your book Reread the model and writing prompt Write your first draft Check for organization, content, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Write your final draft Share it with your teacher and classmates Choose an activity Go to p 96 76 OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 76 5/8/16 10:41 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_068-077_U07.indd 77 77 5/8/16 10:41 AM Workbook 283 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Unit Perform and Create lyrics composer composer beats performer lyrics influential vary b Children should be exposed to music _ a Anyone can manipulate music _ manipulate recognition satisfaction A self-expression beats performer manipulation recognition ✓ ✓ D A ✓ ✓ D ✓ ✓ To cause people to experience something O R M E R E X P O S E V A R Y To be or make something different The words to a song I Having the power to cause changes N F L U L Y R I C S E N T I A L ni F Listen again Write your own response for each statement you hear TR: 36 Answers will vary ar R Le E ap hi c P f as a form of self-expression g you realize teamwork between performers is essential ✓ “Beats” is plural, the other nouns are singular A person who entertains by singing or acting e it can be influential in the way we think Listen Does the speaker agree or disagree with the statements? Check Agree (A) or Disagree (D) TR: 35 expose All are nouns, but "performer" refers to a person d that the audience is satisfied with the entertainment disc jockey “Influential’ is an adjective, the rest are verbs entertainment c their music is no longer interesting d Applause is an indication _ fame “Lyrics” refer to a thing, the other nouns refer to people b from birth g When you see a symphony orchestra _ play together, "Composer" refers to a person, the others refer to things a with just a smartphone e Music isn’t only for enjoyment, _ c Once some DJs gain fame and _ recognition, In each group, cross out the word that doesn’t belong Write a reason Then read each definition and write the word Who is the famous composer? f Composers write music _ ng Match the statement halves Write the letter The composer is M O Z A R T 78 5/8/16 10:42 AM Gr aMMar Gerunds and infinitives Learning music is important (subject) I like listening to pop music (object) I love seeing / to see live performances It’s sad to miss their performance 5/8/16 10:42 AM Listen to the radio program Answer the questions in full sentences TR: 37 She writes her own lyrics What’s one reason Taylor may have stopped playing her guitar in public? Maybe she got bored with sitting behind her instrument or she wanted to show what a performer she could be Why did her parents move to Nashville when Taylor was young? They moved to Nashville because they felt it was important for Taylor’s career I turned up the volume to listen to the lyrics What are some reasons young people love listening to her songs? A gerund is a verb that acts like a noun It can be used where nouns are used Some verbs, such as like and hate, can be followed by gerunds and/or infinitives with to The infinitive with to can follow adjectives, such as sad, happy, and important The infinitive can also be used to express purpose and why we do/did something at Young people love listening to her songs because she sings about things that they understand and identify with Who was excited about Taylor’s talent? Why? A big music company was excited about signing a contract with her read Circle the correct answers (Sometimes both answers are possible.) N 79 Who writes Taylor Swift’s lyrics? io na I’m interested in learning about jazz (object of preposition) OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 79 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 78 What indications were there of the success of her first pop album? Her first pop album sold more than a million copies in the first week Some people only like listening / to listen to one type of music I think it’s good varying / to vary Why did she open the Taylor Swift Education Center? She opened the Taylor Swift Education Center to expose young children to music She feels that she was lucky to discover music when she was young and wants to the same for others Coordinating / To coordinate dance movements in a ballet must be very difficult I’m bored with hearing / to hear the same beats over and over again He used his fame and music informing / to inform others about climate change It’s essential buying / to buy tickets early seeing / to see the band’s performance read the answers Write the questions Then answer the same question about yourself I prefer to listen to mixes by my favorite DJs when I’m on my own My friend hates dancing / to dance to hip-hop music What you prefer when you are on your own? I’m interested in adding / to add electronic effects to my music (You) I prefer playing / to play an instrument Dancing / To dance is too tiring! I get bored with listening to folk music What you get bored with? What you think about to listen / listening to folk music? (You) 10 We forgot buying / to buy tickets for tonight’s concert I’m excited about starting dance rehearsals with a professional choreographer! What are you excited about? (You) 80 OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 80 284 Workbook 81 5/8/16 10:42 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 81 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:42 AM Workbook Listen and read As you read, think about what conclusions you can draw about the importance of music TR: 38 Match each summary with a paragraph Write the letter C It’s human nature to want to be part of a group _ B Music has a strong influence on us _ The Sound of Glue F Sounds have changed, but the purpose is still the same _ E Communicating emotions became important _ In front of huge stages where singers, bands, and orchestras perform, people things together: they sing, wave their arms in the air, hold hands, and dance Thousands of people attend music performances and melt into one big coordinated group They become one big group member A A In concerts, we become one _ D For early humans, music helped to give a group identity _ B Researchers have theories about this Many believe that music is a type of social glue If you think of concerts, military music, music played at sporting events, and national anthems, they all seem to unite us through emotions Music is influential in the way people feel and behave all together at once 10 Make a list of the researchers’ conclusions from the article Do you agree that music is like “glue”? Give your reasons Conclusions Researchers tell us that as humans, our main motivation in life is to be good group members They believe that some people feel best when they lose their individual identities Even when we listen to music on our own, we’re connecting to others through the rhythms, beats, or lyrics we hear, and the thoughts they bring C Music is like glue, it brings people together Being a good group member is the main motivation for humans Music was a way of communicating thousands of years ago ng D Researchers believe that music brought and kept early humans close together thousands of years ago Even before the earliest musical instruments and the invention of language, our ancestors probably used music to communicate Researchers suggest that sound and music were the “glue” for the first human societies, and were very important in helping early modern humans create a sense of group identity and trust This was important for successful living, hunting, and migrating Music brought and kept societies together ni The first sounds were the first music, but they were probably just grunts E The first music was probably just sounds As we know, even music without lyrics can make us feel happy or sad The tone of a voice can tell us how someone is feeling emotionally It’s possible that music and language both evolved because early humans needed to communicate their emotions to others in a group As groups became larger, humans needed to find better and more efficient ways to express themselves 11 answer the questions and explain your own experience about being in a group ar How you feel when you listen to music in a group? Answers will vary Le F Of course, the first sounds were not that musical! They were probably more like grunts than the pure sound of an opera singer! What seems to be clear is that music brought people together thousands of years ago, and it still does ap hi c What difference you find between listening to music in a group and listening to it on your own? 82 5/8/16 10:42 AM lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 82 Gr aMMar Sense verbs + infinitive: Describing what you see, hear, and feel io na I saw the lights flash with the beat of the music Can you hear the ice break in parts of their song? It’s strange to feel the floor move when everybody dances! We watched the couple dance the tango We had watched the flash mob come together When we use sense verbs, we follow this structure: sense verb + object + infinitive (without to) pick up start I felt my mouth open I saw the lights come on to write your own poem Be sure to use the infinitive form This week we had to write about what we hear, see, and feel We didn’t have to write a poem, but that’s what I wanted to I thought I would upload it to see what you all think Mixed Emotions When I see masterpieces on a wall before me, I feel how the past and the present connect When I hear ice crack and break, I know what a fragile world we live in When I see plastic float on rivers to the sea, walk I am sad for the living things in the way When I feel the sun shine on my face, behind me on the stage I remember our place in the universe start I watched the band walk N 14 read the poem Underline the sense verbs and infinitives Then use the sentence starters as I picked up the microphone to sing! I heard the audience When I watch a small child take its first steps, to applaud onto the stage and 5/8/16 10:42 AM I feel my heart soar, too at open OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 83 When I hear violins soar like clouds in the sky, 12 Complete each sentence with a verb from the box come on 83 I am excited about what the future will bring pick up their instruments 13 Listen Answer the questions Use a sense verb and an infinitive in each answer Life is a symphony of sights, sounds, and feelings TR: 39 When I see Answers will vary What did the writer hear? , He heard an orchestra play everything from Mozart to the Beatles When I hear What things did he see become saxophones? , He saw water pipes become saxophones When I hear What did he see trashcans and X-rays transform into? , He saw trashcans transform into violins and drums When I see How did he feel about the way the instruments played? , He felt the instruments played in a magical way When I feel What has he watched? , He has watched the orchestra gain recognition as they travel around the world When I watch , 84 OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 84 85 5/8/16 10:42 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 85 5/8/16 10:42 AM Workbook 285 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Now I Can . .  WrItInG In an explanatory essay, we teach our reader about a topic We don’t include our opinion In the first paragraph, we should identify the topic we’re going to write about Then, we provide additional facts, details, and examples to help the reader understand the topic better talk about music and performing arts o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice What music or performing art appeals to you the most? Give reasons Sample answer: I love dancing I love the energy and the coordination of the movements 15 16 Organize Your task is to write an essay to explain a type of artistic expression Look through your book for examples of artistic expression, and then choose a type you’re interested in Remember that artistic expression can include painting, sculpting, writing, composing, and performing Choose your topic, and then research facts, details, and examples Make notes about what you want your reader to know about your topic Why you think we listen to music? We listen to music to help us relax, to put us into a better mood, and to distract us when we’re exercising! use gerunds and infinitives Facts o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Write four sentences using a gerund or infinitive Use the clues Form of artistic expression: (as a subject) Painting is a great hobby Details and examples (as an object) I like to watch/watching ballet performances (as an object of a preposition) I’m excited about performing on stage ng (to express purpose) I saved money to buy tickets for the music festival use sense verbs + infinitive to describe what you see, hear, and feel Choose an appropriate sense verb and finish each sentence Sample answers: hears Sometimes, my family If I felt me sing when I'm in the shower You’ll need two or three body paragraphs Think about what aspect of artistic expression you’re going to describe in each paragraph Support it with interesting and unusual facts and details the floor move when my sister was jumping around write an explanatory essay about a type of artistic expression o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Explain one way you express or would like to express yourself artistically Use facts and examples Le Finally, you’ll need to finish with a general statement that concludes your explanation Remember not to give your own opinion my favorite singer walk toward me, I would be extremely happy ar I saw ni Plan your writing You’ll need an introductory paragraph with a topic sentence to introduce the form of artistic expression you’re going to explain Think about a topic sentence that will draw your audience in o Yes, I can! o I think I can o I need more practice Answers will vary 16 Write Write your final draft Share it with your teacher and classmates ap hi c Go to p 139 in your book Reread the model and writing prompt Write your first draft Check for organization, content, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling Choose an activity Go to p 96 86 5/8/16 10:42 AM Units 7–8 Review read Fill in each blank with a word from the box abstract canvas images masterpieces meaningful method permanent represents scene shocking sophisticated symphony understanding visual io na OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 87 lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 86 become (become) quieter as I walk into a theater to practice (work) with the choreographer I was amazed! She ran back Creating to get (get) her camera forming (form) a folk dancing group (create) animations for TV has various stages We heard the symphony orchestra at (practice) music every day work In rehearsal, I watched ballet dancers The teens were excited about sophisticated device that changes all the scene colors in a (3) into sound waves so that each color represents (4) a musical note This means he can hear a symphony of color instead of seeing everything in grays He feels (5) method that this (6) of hearing color has made him into a human permanent part of him robot because the device has become a (7) and his senses start (start) to play Write Change each sentence so that the meaning is the same Use reported speech for 1–4 and the past passive for 5–8 “Music makes the brain work better.” N The researcher says that music makes the brain work better She told me (that) there was a lot of new research on exposing children to music They said (that) musical training could keep your/my brain sharp “Did you play an instrument in college?” My friend asked me if I played an instrument in college Early people made primitive instruments from tree trunks and animal skins Instruments were made from tree trunks and animal skins (by primitive man) Listen Underline each correct answer TR: 40 They exposed the audience to an amazing light show The audience was exposed to an amazing light show The group first started as animal trainers / street performers The name Cirque du Soleil is a tribute to Quebec / the Sun A computer designed the costumes for their performance The costumes for their performance were designed (by a computer) The performers are from many different countries / Canada They used recycled material to make the instruments Costume designers and composers play an essential part / are robotic Recycled materials were used to make the instruments Each show has 1,300 performers / is very visual Their audiences prefer realistic performances / are exposed to imaginary worlds 286 Workbook “Musical training can keep your brain sharp.” Later, Neil started to paint sound portraits by changing the sounds into color canvas His subjects may be a piece of music, a on a (11) speech by a famous person, or an everyday object The results are bright, abstract (12) paintings of colorful rectangles In this way, Neil visual story through the sounds that are so creates a (13) meaningful (14) to him OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 88 “There’s a lot of new research on exposing children to music.” masterpieces of When he goes to an art gallery, Neil listens to the (8) images famous artists and understands the colors of the (9) shocking At first, he found it (10) because everything was so noisy 88 Complete the sentences Use the gerund or infinitive of the words in parentheses I can feel my voice Neil Harbisson is an artist who can’t see color However, thanks to a special understanding device, he now has an (1) of what color could look 5/8/16 10:42 AM It’s essential for a musician The Sounds of Visual Stories like He wears a (2) 87 89 5/8/16 10:42 AM OWI_2_WB_72660_078-089_U08.indd 89 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 5/8/16 10:42 AM Workbook Brainstorm as many different jobs as you can in one minute Then, with a classmate, discuss the different skills and qualities you would need for each job Which job would you be the best at? Explain why Use as many words from the box as possible determined generous outgoing self-confident energetic helpful patient Use question tags to make statements about the following topics Life as an only child Life as a teenager Work in pairs It’s your birthday With your best friend, make plans about the different things you can to celebrate Decide exactly what you will Then discuss • Assign roles • Practice the conversation • Act out the conversation in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video Respond to each sentence with the special use of it I did really well on my exam! I need to get up! My bananas are all soft! The journey takes six hours by car! Write Choose two superheroes Write about the ways they are similar and different Explain which of the two is your favorite and why filthy hurt misunderstood myth pest Read the statements Use the following four expressions to speculate on each situation in the past: could have, might have, may have, and must have • The girl was shaking • The farmer was angry • The family didn’t answer when he knocked on the door You saw this announcement in a local newspaper Answer the questions in full sentences Notice if the verbs are followed by infinitives with or without to A part-time babysitter is needed for a friendly family in the city We have two boys, ages and Experience with children is essential Duties include preparing lunch and taking children outside to play • W hat did you help somebody do recently? • W hat things don’t your parents let you do at home? Write to the family explaining your experience and why you would be a good candidate for the job Ask questions about your hours of work and additional duties • W hat chores do your parents ask you to do? Write approximately 150 words • What do you plan to do next weekend? 90 4/29/16 7:46 PM Choose an activity Unit Work in pairs You and your partner have just watched a documentary on animal group behavior Choose two animal groups Talk about what amazed you about the animals and how group behavior helps these animals survive io na Do you prefer working in a group in class or working on your own? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Does your classmate share the same ideas as you? Try to include at least four of the following words in your conversation lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 90 coordinated efficient leader realized Write each of the following 12 verbs N at on a slip of paper Shuffle the slips and place them face down on a table Turn the slips over one at a time and race your partner to write a sentence using the verb be associated with come across deal with figure out go through look at point out respond to talk over think about turn out wonder about You are part of a group that wants to make changes to improve your town To get ready for your meeting, rewrite your notes Use (not) enough, too much, and too many Add some more ideas to the list Cars in the town center Need more trees and plants Only one sports facility Dance clubs are noisy and neighbors can’t sleep • Dog owners want more green spaces to walk their dogs flock of birds herd of elephants pack of wolves • Assign roles • Think about the arguments for and against having a pet snake • Practice the dialogue • Act out the dialogue in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video poisonous unpopular untrue upset venom ap hi c The sun is out! • • • • aggressive bite destroy disgusting fangs Role-play the dialogue between you and your parents Come to a final decision Write You have asked a friend to look after your pet rat while you are on vacation Describe how he/she must look after your pet every day Make sure you explain what kind of exercise it needs and what to if it becomes aggressive • R esearch how to look after rats • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 20 in your workbook ni Fast food Example: I’m an only child That doesn’t mean I’m spoiled, does it? Work in pairs You want a pet snake Your mom and dad are against this idea ar Following a recipe Unit If you had to choose any animal as a pet, which would you choose? Give your reasons Compare your choice of pet with a classmate’s Use the following words to help you • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 10 of your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates Being competitive assume belong to consensus Choose an activity Le cooperative enthusiastic open-minded responsible Unit ng Choose an activity school of fish swarm of ants • Take notes on the two groups of animals • Practice the conversation • Act out the conversation in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video Use no more than 100 words to write your flyer OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 91 4/29/16 7:46 PM Choose an activity Describe a piece of clothing you see someone wearing without saying what it is Use at least five words from the list below Ask a classmate to guess! attractive designer eco-friendly fashion leather material popular style synthetic trendy How to dye a T-shirt using beets! Wash the T-shirt Cut the beets, put them in water in a pot, and simmer for an hour Remove the beets, put the T-shirt in the red liquid, and simmer for one hour to parents whose children are new at your school Explain why playing a team sport is the best way for students to learn to work together Give examples of how team sports can be beneficial Your pet tarantula has escaped! Write a flyer to hand out to neighbors and to put in store windows Describe the tarantula and its behavior so that people are not scared and know what to when they find it 91 Read the steps to dye a T-shirt using natural dyes Write Prepare a speech to give • S hare your writing with your teacher and classmates Unit 4 Work in pairs Interview a young designer • Research a young designer • Prepare five questions • Assign the roles of interviewer and designer • Practice the interview • Act out the interview in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video Write Persuade your readers to wear or not to wear a certain type of clothing Support your point of view with facts and statistics • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 42 in your workbook • S hare your writing with your teacher and classmates Rinse very well and dry Always wash with dark clothes… unless you want some red on all your clothes! • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 32 in your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates Describe the process using the passive voice You received this text message from a friend A friend has written to you asking for advice My mom says I spent too much money during the summer and I can’t buy new clothes for the next three months  What I now? I need to get something cool for the school party!! From: Joe To: Gloria Subject: My sister’s party This is part of an e-mail you received from a friend in the United States For my homework project I have to write about what kids my age in another country like to wear these days What’s the latest fashion where you live? Do you and your friends like it? Why? Respond to the e-mail Write at least 100 words Respond with three short text messages Comment on your friend’s problem using could, should, could have, or should have Help! My little sister is going to have her eighth birthday party at home My mom has asked me to help out with the entertainment Do you have any ideas for fun group activities I can with the kids? Thank you! Write to your friend with your ideas Use no more than 100 words 92 OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 92 93 4/29/16 7:46 PM OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 93 4/29/16 7:46 PM Workbook 287 SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION Workbook Unit glide hollow land limited powered skilled support take off weight Your friend, who is studying English, isn’t sure how to use the past and past perfect tenses to distinguish the first of two actions Can you help your friend? I (to be) very scared the first time I an airplane when I (to fly) on (to be) four I (to scream) for an hour before a flight attendant toy! Apparently, all the passengers But amazingly, last year I (to give) me a (to complain) (to learn) to paraglide My A jet pack will be the best way to travel in the future Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give your reasons Make notes about what you and your partner will discuss aspects chance detect • Practice your dialogue • Act out the dialogue in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video to describe the different flying experiences of hang gliding, skydiving, and using a jet pack What would you have done if planet Earth had been invaded by visitors from other planets? • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 54 in your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates Write a report to compare how these sets of devices have been working Use the following adverbs: fast, accurately, efficiently, precisely p.m p.m 10 p.m Your family wants to plan something special for your mom and dad’s wedding anniversary In a travel magazine, you see this advertisement for helicopter rides Printer X / Printer Y Smartphone camera / Tablet camera Mars Rover I / Mars Rover II From the moment you take off, you will feel the excitement of soaring above this amazing waterfall Come and experience the flight of a lifetime! Quadcopter D5 / Quadcopter D10 Write an essay on the history of flight Write to the company Find out more information and ask questions about the helicopter ride Eat dinner Message friends Read in bed Write at least 100 words Go to sleep Example: Before p.m., Ana had been watching a documentary Before p.m., 94 4/29/16 7:46 PM The painter drew an outline of the subject She mixed the colors She applied the paint to the canvas at “Stand in the light on the left of the tree.” “Can you take my photo next to the statue?” N Use say, tell, and ask excited about important to io na Rewrite the sentences in reported speech Indicate who is speaking “You can’t take photos inside the gallery.” Write at least 100 words OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 95 Imagine that you are going to interview your favorite musical artist for a local cultural magazine Use each of the expressions in the box to form your questions before the interview bored with difficult to She left the portrait to dry Imagine that you’re an astronaut on the International Space Station You are keeping a blog of what your life is like there Write today’s blog Units 7–8 Observe a painter painting Write about the process in the past passive She cleaned her brushes • T o plan your writing, follow the steps on p 64 of your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates lG eo gr OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 94 Choose an activity Write Write about the argument that it’s better to focus on looking after our own planet than to send missions to other worlds Le p.m proof vast ap hi c p.m Watch a documentary fundamental instruments lead to • R eread information about Mars • Prepare five questions • Assign the roles of astronaut and interviewer • Practice the interview • Act out the interview in class, or use a phone or tablet to make a video Use present and past conditionals to answer the question about the following situation Write Write a classification essay mom can’t believe it! Look at the time line of Ana’s activities What had she been doing the hour before? Work in pairs Interview the first astronaut to travel to Mars If you could choose, which place would you explore: space or the depths of the ocean? Talk to a classmate who wants to explore a different place from you Share reasons for your choices Use the following words to help you ng adaptation allow capability evolve flight Work in pairs Read the following statement Unit ni If you were an animal that could fly, which animal would you be? Why? Explain your reasons to a partner How are your animals similar and different? Use the following words to help you Choose an activity ar Choose an activity Write Observe a group of people in your town, outside your window, or at school Invent a story about what the scene tells you Use reported speech and quotations to tell what you think people are saying • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 76 in your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates You see this announcement for new after-school clubs in your school magazine New Clubs Wanted After School Table tennis, guitar playing, and cooking have been suggested Make a suggestion and we will publish your article in next month’s magazine Make a suggestion for an art and photography club Explain why it would be a good idea Write about 100 words like/love/hate prefer You have just given your first performance in front of the whole school Write down your impressions about the experience Use the sentence starters below and an infinitive I saw I watched I heard I felt Write Choose a topic that you are passionate about that isn’t related to music Share your passion by writing an explanatory essay that includes facts, details, and examples to help others understand the topic • To plan your writing, follow the steps on p 86 in your workbook • Share your writing with your teacher and classmates Your friend has sent you this e-mail From: Darrah To: Sofia Subject: Summer concert Hi! I have just seen that there will be a big summer festival near where I live There will be some great artists and DJs playing I wondered if you’d like to come and go to a few outdoor concerts with me? What you think? Let me know and I’ll buy tickets Write your answer in about 100 words 96 OWI_2_WB_72660_090-096_EM.indd 96 288 Workbook 4/29/16 7:46 PM SAMPLE COPY, NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 95 4/29/16 7:46 PM