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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of Master of Arts (TESOL) Tai Lieu Chat Luong Submitted by NGUYỄN ĐẮC TRUNG DŨNG Supervisor: Đặng Tấn Tín, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING Major: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) Code: 14 01 11 MASTER OF ARTS IN TESOL Supervisor: Đặng Tấn Tín, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, 2021 STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY I certify my authorship of the Master Thesis submitted entitled: THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING In terms of the statement of requirements for Thesis in Master of TESOL program issued by Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Graduate School Ho Chi Minh, _ 2021 NGUYỄN ĐẮC TRUNG DŨNG i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr Đặng Tấn Tín for the full support and guidance, informative feedback, and patience to me My special thanks also go to all the participants in the survey who contribute significantly to the research and managers of OPSWAT Vietnam, Luxoft Vietnam, Hitachi Vantara, KMS, and other IT companies for support during my survey conduction I am greatly indebted to my family, my lecturers and program manager at Ho Chi Minh City Open University, who supported and encouraged me to complete this thesis One again, thank you for all your supports and contributions ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TERMINOLOGY vii LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Aims and objectives of the study 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Organization of the thesis CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definition of research terms 2.3 Smartphones facilitate learning and language learning 2.4 Impact of using smartphones on EFL learners 10 iii 2.3 Summary of previous studies 13 2.4 Research Gap 13 2.5 Chapter Summary 14 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Research Design 15 3.3 Research Site 16 3.4 Research instruments 18 3.5 Pilot the instrument 20 3.6 Data collection procedures 21 3.7 Data analysis procedures 22 3.8 Validity and reliability 22 3.9 Chapter summary 23 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Research result 24 4.2.1 Descriptive statistics 24 4.2.2 Results of Research Question 33 4.2.3 Results of Research Question 41 4.3 Discussion 45 4.4 Chapter Summary 46 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 47 5.1 Introduction 47 5.2 Findings and Conclusion 47 iv 5.3 Recommendations 50 5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for further research 51 5.4.1 Limitations of the study 51 5.4.2 Suggestions for further research 52 REFERENCE 53 APPENDIX 59 APPENDIX 1_QUESTIONNAIRE (FOR PILOT) 59 APPENDIX 2_QUESTIONNAIRE (FOR PRIMARY SURVEY) 64 APPENDIX 3_THE RESULT OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH 71 Test of normal distribution 71 Frequencies statistic by English skills 88 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance CALL Computer Assisted Language Learning CRA Cronbach’s Alpha index EFL English as a Foreign Language EPI English Proficiency Index IELTS The International English Language Testing System IT Information Technology MALL Mobile Assisted Language Learning QA Quality Assurance SPALL Smartphone Assisted Language Learning SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEIC The Test of English for International Communication m-learning Mobile learning CEFR Common European Framework of Reference for Languages IoT Internet of Things vi LIST OF TERMINOLOGY QA Engineers Quality Assurance engineers who are working in IT field and responsible for assessing the quality of software applications including specifications and technical design documents in order to ensure timely, relevant and meaningful feedback EFL Office Workers EFL learners who are employees working in IT field iOS A mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc exclusively for its hardware 3G, 4G The third and fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology vii LIST OF TABLES Table Summary of data collection procedures 21 Table Summary of surveyed sampling 24 Table Summary of final sampling 26 Table Descriptives Statistic of Positive impact of smartphone in learning English 28 Table Descriptives Statistic of Negative impact of smartphones in learning English 30 Table Descriptives Statistic of the perceptions of English language skills enhancement 33 Table Cronbach’s Alpha of Positive and Negative impact of using smartphones to learn English 34 Table The result of Cronbach’s Alpha after eliminating variables 35 Table Other perceptions from EFL learners through smartphones 37 Table 10 Cronbach’s Alpha of Skills 39 Table 11 SK01- The smartphones can help me to improve my English listening skills 39 Table 12 SK02- The smartphone can help me to improve my English speaking skills.40 Table 13 SK03- The smartphones can help me to improve my English reading skills 40 Table 14 SK04- The smartphones can help me to improve my English writing skills 41 Table 15 Group Statistics 42 Table 16 Independent Samples T-Test 42 Table 17 Test of Homogeneity of Variance Positive Impact (by Age) 42 Table 18 The result of ANOVA (by Age) 43 Table 19 Descriptive Statistics of Positive Impact (by English proficiency level) 43 Table 20 Test of Homogeneity of Variance Positive Impact (by English level) 44 Table 21 Results of in-depth analysis of ANOVA (by English level) 44 viii Figure 11 Test of normal distribution variable PE01 Figure 12 Test of normal distribution variable PE02 75 Figure 13 Test of normal distribution variable PE03 Figure 14 Test of normal distribution variable PE04 76 Figure 15 Test of normal distribution variable PE05 Figure 16 Test of normal distribution variable PE06 77 Figure 17 Test of normal distribution variable PE07 Figure 18 Test of normal distribution variable PE09 78 Figure 19 Test of normal distribution variable PE01 Figure 20 Test of normal distribution variable PE11 79 Figure 21 Test of normal distribution variable PE12 Figure 22 Test of normal distribution variable PE13 80 Figure 23 Test of normal distribution variable PE14 Figure 24 Test of normal distribution variable LI01 81 Figure 25 Test of normal distribution variable LI02 Figure 26 Test of normal distribution variable LI03 82 Figure 27 Test of normal distribution variable LI04 Figure 28 Test of normal distribution variable LI05 83 Figure 29 Test of normal distribution variable LI06 Figure 30 Test of normal distribution variable LI07 84 Figure 31 Test of normal distribution variable LI08 Figure 32 Test of normal distribution variable LI10 85 Figure 33 Test of normal distribution variable SK01 Figure 34 Test of normal distribution variable SK02 86 Figure 35 Test of normal distribution variable SK03 Figure 36 Test of normal distribution variable SK04 87 Frequencies statistic by English skills Figure 37 SK01_The smartphone can help me to improve my English listening skills Figure 38 SK02_The smartphone can help me to improve my English speaking skills 88 Figure 39 SK03_The smartphone can help me to improve my English reading skills Figure 40 SK04_The smartphone can help me to improve my English writing skill 89
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