THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY *** - MASTER THESIS THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM MAJOR: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS NGUYEN MAI PHUONG Ha Noi – 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY *** - MASTER THESIS THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM MAJOR: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Code: 8310106 Full name: NGUYEN MAI PHUONG Supervisor: Luong Thi Ngoc Oanh (Ph.D) Ha Noi – 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Dr Luong Thi Ngoc Oanh, for their invaluable guidance and support throughout my master’s program Their expertise and encouragement helped me to complete this research and write this thesis I would also like to thank my friends and family for their love and support during this process Without them, this journey would not have been possible Finally, I would like to thank all of the participants in my study for their time and willingness to share their experiences This work would not have been possible without their contribution DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis "The impacts of social capital on poverty reduction in Vietnam" is my own work and based on the research learned theory, practice survey and guidance from Dr Luong Thi Ngoc Oanh The research results stated in the thesis are honest and have never been published in any research work All documents and references from previous studies are fully cited in accordance with regulations I take full responsibility for the truthfulness of the thesis TABLES OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS i LIST OF FIGURES .ii LIST OF TABLES iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationales 1.2 Literature review 1.3 Research objectives 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Research scope 1.6 Research subjects 1.7 Research methodology 1.7.1 Research process 1.7.2 Research Methods .10 1.7.3 Survey design and data collection .10 CHAPTER 2: THEORICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION 14 2.1 Social capital 14 2.1.1 Definition 14 2.1.2 Classification of social capital 16 2.1.3 Theories of social capital 20 2.2 Poverty .25 2.2.1 Definition 25 2.2.2 Measures of poverty 29 2.3 The impacts of social capital on poverty reduction 31 CHAPTER 3: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN VIETNAM 35 3.1 Factual situation in Vietnam .35 3.1.1 Current status of poverty in Vietnam 35 3.1.2 Current status of social capital in Vietnam 39 3.2 Research model and hypothesis 41 3.2.1 Research model 41 3.2.2 Hypothesis 42 3.3 Developing questionnaires and selecting research scales 47 3.4 Research results 49 3.4.1 Descriptive statistics .49 3.4.2 Result of testing reliability coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha 51 3.4.3 Result of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) .56 3.4.4 Result of Logistic Regression Analysis 59 3.5 Discussion 63 CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE POVERTY IN VIETNAM 68 4.1 Objectives for poverty reduction in Vietnam 68 4.2 Solutions for state agencies to reduce poverty in Vietnam .69 CONCLUSION .78 REFERENCE .80 i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS GDP USD ABS VARHS UNDP MPI EFA UNCTAD UN OPHI HDI MOLISA MDP NTP-SPR Gross Domestic Product United States Dollar Australian Bureau of Statistics Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey United Nations Development Programme Multidimensional Poverty Index Exploratory Factor Analysis United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative Human Development Index Ministry of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affairs Multidimensional Poverty National Target Program for Sustainable Poverty Reduction ii LIST OF FIGUR Figure 1 Research process 8Y Figure The weak tie theory .20 Figure 2 The structural holes theory Figure Research model 42 iii LIST OF TABLES Table Poverty rate in VietNam (2015 – 2021 period) .37 Table Poverty rate by residence and by region .39 Table 3 Factors of Social capital .47 Table Statistics on Gender 49 Table Statistics on Head of Household's Gender 50 Table Statistics on Age 50 Table Statistics on Income 51 Table Reliability coefficient of the Neighborhood cohesion scale 53 Table Reliability coefficient of the Social trust scale .53 Table 10 Reliability coefficient of the Social network scale 54 Table 11 Reliability coefficient of the Civic participation scale 55 Table 12 Reliability coefficient of the Social supoort scale .55 Table 13 KMO coefficient and Barlett's test 57 Table 14 Rotated Component Matrix 58 Table 15 Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients 60 Table 16 Model Summary 61 Table 17 Classification Table 61 Table 18 Result of Logistic Regression Analysis 62 iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationales Along with other traditional capital sources like natural capital, social capital has long been seen as a crucial resource for the creation of products and services and economic progress (Coleman, 1988; Putnam, 1993; Granovetter, 1995; Narayan and Pritchett, 1997; Munshi and Kaivan, 2003; Xue, 2008; Lancee, 2010) The majority of nations have developed their own sets of standards for measuring social capital Since the early 2000s, researchers from a variety of sectors have seen social capital as a crucial resource in Vietnam To be valuable, this kind of capital must be observable and quantifiable, though (Uphoff and Wijayaratna, 2000) Since social capital is a multifaceted and multi-formal term, there is still debate regarding its exact definition Additionally, not all forms of social capital have the same impact (Granovetter, 1995) In the quest for the prosperity and well-being of any nation, there is now a rising understanding of the significance of social and environmental concerns in addition to economic ones A variety of social indicators that are provided by social capital are crucial for comprehending the consequences of the economic, social, and environmental domains National governments and international institutions like the World Bank now frequently focus on social capital as a means of attaining other policy objectives (ABS-2004) Meanwhile, a variety of factors, including a household's sociodemographic makeup, its access to natural resources, and its socioeconomic development capital, affect how well it may rise beyond poverty Despite significant progress, poverty remains a major concern of the community There are about 13.6 million people who are no longer poor, but economically unstable and not in the middle class Even if there is currently little chance of falling into absolute poverty, establishing a higher level of economic stability remains a matter of survival In 2018, about 40% of the middle class of 2016 fell into the lower economic class Vietnam is still a poor country, with a low per capita income (GDP per capita in 2000 is about 400 USD), the poverty rate is still high Vietnam has succeeded in drastically reducing poverty