Korea regions and cities 2018

Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018 Korea regions and cities 2018

Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 – KOREA http://www.oecd.org/regional Economic trends in regions Regional gap in GDP per capita, 2000-16 GDP per capita in USD PPP 45 000 Highest region Chungcheong 41 775 USD 40 000 35 000 30 000 Korea 36 300 USD 25 000 Lowest region Jeju 29 959 USD 20 000 15 000 10 000 2000 2005 2010 Index of regional disparity in GDP per capita, 2016 Top 20 % richest over bottom 20% poorest regions Ratio Small regions (TL3) 2016 2000 Large regions (TL2) 2016 Country (number of regions considered) Differences between Korean regions in terms of GDP per capita have increased slightly over the last sixteen years, and remain moderate, with Chungcheong having 30% higher GDP per capita than Jeju Regional economic disparities in Korea remain among the lowest of OECD countries With a productivity growth of 2.9% per year over the period 2008-16, Chungcheong has experienced the highest growth in the country and it became also the region with the highest levels of productivity Gyeongnam had a higher GDP per worker in 2008 compared to Chungcheong, but it experienced the lowest growth of productivity among Korean regions (0.8% per year) While the youth unemployment rate has declined since 2012 in the OECD as a whole, youth unemployment in all Korean regions remained high and above the OECD average of 15.1% in 2016, with the exception of Jeju, where 9.6% of youths were unemployed in 2016 Productivity trends, most and least dynamic regions, 2008-16 GDP per worker in USD PPP Chungcheong: highest productivity in 2016 and highest productivity growth (+2.9% average annual growth over 2008-16) 85 000 80 000 75 000 70 000 Gyeongnam: lowest productivity growth (0.8% annually) 65 000 Korea 60 000 55 000 2008 2010 2016 Youth unemployment rate, 15-24 years old, 2007-16 rate (%) 30 Highest rate Gyeonbuk Region 25.5% 25 20 15 Korea 23.4% OECD 10 Lowest rate Jeju 9.6% 2007 2012 2016 Source: OECD Regional Database Notes: (1) Figure on regional gap in GDP per capita: OECD regions refer to the administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Korea is composed of seven large regions (2) Figure on index of regional disparity: top (bottom) 20% regions are defined as those with the highest (lowest) GDP per capita until the equivalent of 20% of national population is reached, this indicator provides a harmonised measure to rank OECD countries, using data for small regions (Territorial Level 3) when available (3) Productivity is measured as GDP per employee at place of work in constant prices, constant Purchasing Power Parities (reference year 2010) Updated the 5th of March 2019 Differences in well-being across regions Bottom region Seoul Region Regions Jeju Seoul Region Gangwon Jeju Seoul Region Jeolla Gyeongbuk Seoul Region Gangwon Jeju Gyeongnam Gangwon Gangwon Chungcheong Gyeongbuk Jeju bottom 20% Ranking of OECD regions (1 to 402) top 20% middle 60% Top region Seoul Region Jeju Seoul Region Gyeongbuk Seoul Region Jobs Education Safety Health Civic Engagement Income Gyeongbuk Environment Life Satisfaction Housing Community Access to services Relative ranking of the regions with the best and worst outcomes in the 11 well-being dimensions, with respect to all 402 OECD regions The eleven dimensions are ordered by decreasing regional disparities in the country Each well-being dimension is measured by the indicators in the table below The well-being domain with the largest disparities between Korean regions is related to jobs outcomes (employment and unemployment rate), with Seoul Capital Region ranking close to the median of OECD regions and Jeju in the bottom 15% All Korean regions rank in the top 20% of the OECD regions in access to broadband, but in the bottom 20% in perceived social support network (community) The top performing Korean regions fare better than the OECD average in out of 13 well-being indicators Exceptions are income per capita, number of rooms per person, air pollution, perceived social support network, and life satisfaction Jobs Employment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 Unemployment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 Education Labour force w ith at least upper secondary education (%), 2017 Safety Homicide Rate (per 100 000 people), 2016 Health Life Expectancy at birth (years), 2016 Age adjusted mortality rate (per 000 people), 2016 Civic engagem ent Voters in last national election (%), 2017 or lastest year Incom e Disposable income per capita (in USD PPP), 2016 Environm ent Level of air pollution in PM 2.5 (µg/m³), 2015 Life Satisfaction Life satisfaction (scale from to 10), 2013 Housing Rooms per person, 2016 Com m unity Perceived social netw ork support (%), 2013 Access to services Households w ith broadband access (%), 2017 Korean regions Country Average OECD median region Top 20% Bottom 20% 64.2 3.8 67.7 5.5 65.6 3.0 61.4 4.2 84.3 81.7 88.6 76.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 81.4 6.5 80.4 8.1 82.4 6.1 80.8 7.1 76.9 70.9 78.6 75.1 16 909 17 695 18 352 15 824 31.1 12.4 25.7 33.0 5.9 6.8 6.1 5.7 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 78.3 91.4 79.4 74.1 99.2 78.0 99.7 98.4 Source: OECD Regional Database Visualisation: https://www.oecdregionalwellbeing.org Notes: (1) OECD regions refer to the first administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Korea is composed of seven large regions (2) Household income per capita data are based on USD constant PPP, constant prices (year 2010) Updated the 5th of March 2019 Metropolitan areas in the national economy OECD population is concentrated in cities* Percentage of population in cities, 2016 United States Korea OECD average people outside cities people outside cities 17% people in cities with population between 50 000 and 250 000 1% 6% people in cities with population between 250 000 and 500 000 30% 51.2 million people - 83% live in cities people in cities with population above 500 000 76% people in cities with population between 50 000 and 250 000 1.2 billion people - 70% live in cities people in cities with population above 500 000 55% 6% 9% people in cities with population between 250 000 and 500 000 Source: OECD Metropolitan Database Number of urban agglomerations: 22 in Korea and 138 in the OECD In Korea, 83% of the population lives in cities of more than 50 000 inhabitants The share of population in cities with more than 500 000 people is 76% compared to 55% in the OECD area Contribution of metropolitan areas to GDP growth Cities above 500 000 people, 2016 Cities above 500 000 people, 2000-16 OECD average 80% 75% 63% 58% % of national GDP % of national employment Korea % 76% 55% % of national population 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 74% OECD average 68% 327 metropolitan areas Korea Seoul % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Importance of metropolitan areas All metropolitan areas Largest contributor Metropolitan areas in Korea account for 75% of national GDP Between 2000 and 2016 they generated 74% of the national GDP growth, to which Seoul contributed two-thirds Two Korean metropolitan areas, Ulsan and Sebuk, are in the top 20% in terms of GDP per capita among the 327 OECD metropolitan areas, although the country has high disparities, with Gwangsan, Seo and Dalseong being in the bottom 20% In terms of PM 2.5 levels, all Korean metropolitan areas are among the 12% most polluted OECD metropolitan areas Deokjin is the 5th most polluted metropolitan area across the OECD OECD Metropolitan areas ranking Cities above 500 000 people GDP per capita, 2016 USD PPP 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 Top 20% richest metropolitan areas Bottom 20% poorest metropolitan areas Lev el of air pollution in PM 2.5 (µg/m³) 30 Air pollution (PM2.5), 2017 20 10 Top 20% least polluted metropolitan areas Bottom 20% most polluted metropolitan areas Source: OECD Metropolitan Database Number of metropolitan areas with a population of over 500 000: 11 in Korea compared to 327 in the OECD * Note: Cities are defined here as functional urban areas, which are composed by high-density urban centres of at least 50 000 people and their areas of influence (commuting zone) For more information, see: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/functionalurbanareasbycountry.htm Updated the 5th of March 2019 Subnational government finance Subnational government expenditure by function As a share of total subnational government expenditure, 2016 Korea 00 OECD average Education 28% 11 25% Education Economic affairs 18% 22 14% Economic affairs Other 17% 33 15% Other General public services 17% 44 14% General public services Social protection 16% 55 14% Social protection Health 0.3% 66 18% Health USD 089 Subnational expenditure per capita: 77 USD 817 Subnational government expenditure amounts to USD 089 per capita in Korea compared to an OECD average of USD 817 In Korea, this is equivalent to 43.1% of total public expenditure and to 13.9% of GDP In comparison, across the OECD, subnational government expenditure accounts for 40.4% of total public expenditure and for 16.2% of GDP Education and economic affairs are the two largest spending items for subnational governments in Korea: together they represent 46% of subnational expenditure compared to 39% in the OECD area In Korea, 57.7% of total public investment was carried out by subnational governments compared to an OECD average of 56.9% Role of subnational governments in public investment Subnational government public investment per capita, 2016 USD per capita Korea 000 OECD average 800 600 400 200 Total public investment USD 1836 per capita 5% of GDP 000 800 600 400 200 Subnational government investment USD 059 per capita 57.7% of public invest Total public investment USD 278 per capita 3.0% of GDP Subnational government investment USD 727 per capita 56.9% of public invest Source: OECD Subnational Government Structure and Finance Database Note: the function ‘other’ includes housing and community amenities, recreation, culture and religion; environment; public order and safety OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 The 2018 edition of OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance shows how regions and cities contribute to national growth and the well-being of societies It updates its regular set of region-by-region indicators, examining a wide range of policies and trends and identifying those regions that are outperforming or lagging behind in their country Consult this publication on line: https://oe.cd/pub/2n9 Updated the 5th of March 2019