Ready for ielts workbook

WlтH AUDlo CDs b'.*,q Contents Wе arе all friends now Tесhnology_nowandthen Thrill seеkегs Global problеms and oppor[unitiеs The futurе Fruits and sеeds Thе world of work and training Thе history of gеography What is bеauty? 12 20 28 з6 44 52 60 68 10 Is it art? 76 11 Psyсhology and soсiology 84 12 Tiavеlling 13 around the world Thе importanсе of infrastгuсturе 14 Мonеy and happiness 92 100 108 Listеning sсripts 116 Wordlist 125 Answеr kеy 1,29 Voсabulary Wordlist on рagе 217 of thе сoursеЬook Desсribing people Usе thе dеfinitions to hеlp you сhoosе an appгopгiatе adjесtir-е tl.oп-r thе сoursеbook to сomplеtе thе grid Whеn you havе finishеd' you r,vill find that 1] dorvn spеlls out anothеr adjесtivе to dеsсriЬе a pеrson Someone who likes eХciting aсtivities Someone who сan make sensible deсisions and give good adviсe beсause of their experienсe and knowledge Someone who puts a lot of effort into their WOTK Someone who enjoys physiсaIaсtivity Someone who likes making thrngs or inventing new ideas Someone who finds it diffiсu|t to when with other people I be ouiel Someone who has a Iot of ideas and enthusiasm for their work Someone who others сan depend on '10 Someone who stands by their friends 11 Someone who prefers to be with other people than alone Someone who does not |ose сontroI of their emotions easily Hеrе is what thrее studеnts said about pеoplе thеy admirе Сomplеtе thе sеntеnсеs with a suitablе adjесtivе from thе boх Ьеlow Thеrе arе two that vou rr.il] not usе сhatty advеnturous сrеativе сaring supportivе hard-working punсtual a talеntеd 'l really admire artrsts of all kinds As well as being and artistiс, they are but don't neсessari|y get reсognition for their work.' often very b с ,I have a Iot of respeсt for nurses They often need to work Iong shifts, so they have to However, as they |ook after the most vulnerable peopIe in soсiety, they should also have a nature.' My grandmother is the person I admire the most She is a|waУs of what l want to Еven though she worries about me when I go off trave||ing to new plaсes, she thinks it's good that I'm and enоourages me to try new things., be3 We are all friends now Rеading аding Passаge You should spеnd about 20 minutеs on Quеstions 1_13, whiсh aге basеd on thе rеading pasSagе bеlow Questions 1-6 Thе rеading passagе has sеvеn sесtions, A_G Сhoosе thе сorrесt hеading for еaсh sесtion fгom thе list of hеadings bеlow Ехample Seсtion A List of Headings i *- Why сhi|dren not a|ways trust pets ii Using pets to he|p with psyсho|ogiсa| сonditions iii The physiсa| and soсial benefits of having pets iv Providing homes for pets in need v Choosing the right pet vi A statistiсa| analysis of hea|th benefits vii How pets сan he|p сhi|dren viii Different types of pet-owner relationships ix Seсtion B Seсtion C Seсtion D Seсtion Е Seсtion F Seсtion G ix Тhe origins of a Iong-|asting reIationship x Advantages of pets for the siсk and those in soeсial homes ::.iaлs havе bееn kееping pеts fоr almost as long as wе havе bееn Аnswer liЙng in : lsеs Еvеn in thе Grееk lеgеnd of odyssеus' his dog Argus gеts a mеntion _ - : lЫthful hound is thе only onе who rесognizеs him аftеr his lеngthy voyagе l : аnimals wеrе oгiginally brought into housеholds to work, as huntirrg dogs -:sing сats to сatсh miсе foг ехamplе But thе advantages of kееping a pet go -' эеl'ond simply using thеm as labour Pеts aге widеly aссеptеd as haЙng a :.::^.:tjсial еffeсt on your hеa.lth, but animals сan also havе a positivе impaсt on : еmotional and mеntal wеll-being' too - : '395 thе Australian National Peoplе and Pеts survеy disсovеrеd that pеt ].егs r.isitеd thеir doсtors lеss oftеn than thеir pеt-lеss fгiеnds, and wеrе at : : s rsk of suffегing hеart attaсks and stгokеs Нowеvеr, thе major rеason givеn : :еt ownеrs'bеttеr physiсal hеalth was that thеу arе morе aсtivе thаn thе :: эf thе population Dog ownеrs in partiсular takе morе reсrеational walks, : h impгovеs thеir ovеrall fitnеss lеvels But thе survеy also unсoverеd thе ' ' .al bеnеfits of having a pеt, saying: Ovеr 60 pеr сеnt of pеt оwnеrs say that " 1.']:-lg a pеt aгound whеn pеoplе visit makеs it еasiеr to gеt into convеrsation - ггеatе a fгiеndly atmosphеге.' ' , :оеs it mattеr what typе of pеt you havе? Do diffеrеnt pеts havе diffеrеnt health bеnеfits? Dr МсNiсholas says human'фpе of relationship ::pеnds what kind of rеlationship you want tо havе w.it}r your pеt' Thе first is thе s is ц.hеn pеts providе сompaniоnship and a supportive rolе Dogs or сats would fа]l into this сatеgory Тhе 1: -:.rd is kееping a pеt for soсial теasons' Dog walkеrs always mееt оthеr dog walkеrs, for ехampiе Thе third :iоnship is whеn your pеt is alsо your hoLrby _ suсh as kееping eхotiс animals In this сatеgory, you bеnеfit :: thе сalming еffесt of watсhing thе animals but also gain from thе soсial aspесt of.ioining сlubs oг soсiеtiеs с We arе all friеnds noW of pеts havе bесomе so w.idely aссeptеd that many animals afe now usеd in hospitals as programmes Тhе сhariф Pets as Thегapy {PaT) has 3,500 dogs and 9o сats сuттentlv wееklyvisits to nеarly 5.OOO hospitаl waтds гesiJеntia] сaте homеs or " :1 ч'T'"smakе bid to boost patiеnts'w.еll-bеing Thе animals may bе usеd to hеIp slтoke viсtims ::: p"1 i:il:.:_".Tfits patients' гесovrry :* :-.]:g i1T:* :::::i:Т ::Y:]".: t,ле usе ot tfiеir limbs.-.Patientswant геgain to strokе thе arrimals so *ris еnсouragеs thеm to movе thеir aтms or hands again.' says Maurеen HеnnЬ, сhiеf еxесutive of PaT Both thе ^i сog" and сats arе takеn ;;;;;;;^-" геsidеnts Manу of thеm may havе givеn up rьЪrr own pets bеfоrе going into h"*.; .ь l:::i:"-"1,"-1fo1thе aлrmals nеIp bгing a sеnsе oГ noгmaliф to thеiг livеs "o pеoplе suf|епnчГromdеpгеssion .Thеy сan somеtimes get thгough the baггiеrs ::::':*:.*:y::nчth put:p' whегe humans havе tailеd in thе past says Maurееn PaT is сuггеntly working w.ith а :T's^".l'1ч::чlrom Sundеrland psyсhologist Royal Hospital treatiлg сhildгеn w.ith anima] phobias Thе rеsults so far havе bеen very enсоuraging' .Wе are еnabling thеsе сhildrеn to rejoin the сommunity,; says Мaurееn Тhey сan ,,o- -Jt o sсhool oг go to the paгk when prеЙously they wеrе too fгightenеd to so.i SеeSaw, a bеrеavеrnеnt сhагity set up еspeсially foг сhildrеn, also usеs animals to build еmotional bгidgеs Kathy Моoге, a сounsеllor and рrojесt со-oгdinatoг for Мaсmillan Canсеr Rеliеf, takеs hеr doд оo.сй*il;;*;;" shе mееts сhildrеn who har'e a paгеnt or sibling who is dying fгom a tегminal illnеss MЪst сhildrе; ;.;;;.й tо opеn up to a strangег, Llut Kathy says Do-Good hеlps thеm lеarn to tгust heг .}Iе сan pгovid.e suсh a goo***, into my first сontaсtw.ittr a сhiid,'shе says .Еvеn if thеy are a litflе wary оf mе, most сhifoгеn сan't "i".t oo-cooс - hе,s gоt suсh a gгeat peтsonа1iф аrrd we аJl go on rvalks togеther.' G Dеspitе the grorr:.ing body of еrtdеnсе t}tat pеts arе bеnеfiсial foг our hеа-lth, sсiеntists havе nоt bеen ablе to аnswеr onе сгuсial quеstion _ aте dogs bеttеr than сats? Dг МсNiсholas saYs it dоеs not mattеr what фpе оf pеt you havе, as lоng as it fits iлto youг lifеstvlе .If vou hatе long rr.a-lks but bounсy' har,е dogs that neеd walkиg, that is going to push your strеss lеvеls wa!'up shе saуs' }Ъu nееd tо dо уouг hоmеrvork bеfoгеhand, boй yo., and your pet bеnеfit fгom thе relationship Аrrima-ls rеallr'сaтr gir-е vou unсondidona-l "o lol.e Тhey don.t сaгe lf you аrе haЙng a bad hair day - yоu сan just bе vouгsеlf' Questions 7-10 Сompletе thе sеntеnсеs bеloц Сhoosе No NIORЕ THAN TIIRЕЕ WoRDs f1.om rhе paSsagе Ioт.сJ.h ans\Vеt: Wa|king a dog genera|ly inсreases people's Some owners find that their pets provide botn to can be helped to PaT uses cats and dogs 10 Children bereavement and support in a varietу of locations' with the use of pets when dealing with Questions 11-13 Do thе following Statеmеnts agrее with thе infoгmation sil-еn rn thе геading passagе? Writе: TRUЕ if thе statеmеnt agrееs with thе infornation FALsЕ if thе statеmеnt сontгadiсts thе infoгmatiorr NoT GIVЕN if thеrе no information on this 11 Humans have been keeping pets sinсe peop|e started Iiving in houses 12 Many patients notiсe an improvement in their mobiIity after stroking animals 13 Chi|dren's fear of anima|s is being suссessfu||y overcome in one PaТ programme Yтe аrе аll frlеnos nor.^., Sсan thе reading passagе quiсkly and find words in thе tеxt that mеan: a synonym for dog (Seсtion A) unusuaI, often from a distant p|aсe (Seсtion C) (adi) re|ated to where peop|e |ive or stay (Seсtion D) (adi) (n) done for enjoyment (Seоtion B) (adi) when someone does not Want to something (Seсtion F) (adi) when someone does not trust or is cautious (Seсtion F) (adi) (adi) something that has a good effeсt (Seсtion G) Lаnguage foсus G} l Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 2\9 ofthе сoursеbook Present simple, present сontinuous and past simple Look at thе еxtraсts fгom thе теading passagе and undеrlinе thе main vеrb Мatсh thе main vегЬ to its usagе Гrom thе list a-d Ьеlorv Most animals were originally brought into households to work oets are benef iсiaI for our hea|th a b Тhe aсtion happens/doesn't happen reguIar|y/routine|y c The action happened in the PaT is сurrently working with a psyсhologist Kathy Moore takes her dog Do-Good with her when she meets сhi|dren ' Тhis desсribes a state rather than an aсtion past d The aсtion is sti|l happening now' Сomplеtе thе postings lеft Ьу pеoplе looking for fтiеnds on thе Intеrnеt by transforming thе vеrb in bгaсkеts into thе сorтесt tеnsе You should also support thе rеason for your сhoiсе Ьy sеlесting from thе list a-d in еxеrсisе Thе first onе has Ьееn donе for you as an ехamnlе |tt' t аr'rLvеd (аrrive)[c] in Sydnеy last week so | othеr young ovеrseas students Who Еng|ish | (bе)t ] happy to сhаt to рeоple on|ine or (mееt up)[ ] faсe.to-fасе on thе weekends when (not have to)[ ] аttend с|ass' - Anyоnе Who- (|ook)[ ] for (wаnt)[ ] to praсtisе theiг I - (be)t ] interеsted in gaгdening and (want)[ ] to swар tiрs, pIеase get in touсh l | - (|ikе)[ ]to (not - usе)[ ]the |nternet muсh during the daУ but I 10 (have)[ ] геa| рroblems growing go on|ine in thе evenings l 11 (nееd)[ I 12 l sоme аdviсe Тhanks l tomatoes |ast уеar аnd - - |13-(searсh)[]fora||musiсfansfromaI|сountries |14-(go)t]on|inеeverynightfoгaсoup|eofhoursаnd hеаring new musiс f гom diffегеnt сu|tures My (be)t ] fгom Ghana and 17 (|istеn) [ l to eасh оthеrs (havе)t ] |ots of originа| musiс Wе 18 (сhаt)[ it aftеr Wе 20 аlbums and thеn 19 ] аbout (wаit)[ ] for Уou to join usl (|ove)[ 15 nеWеst f riеnd 16 - - ] G all friends now ryweare @D Listеning G 1.1 sEсТloN Questions 1_10 Questions 1-4 Choosе thе сorrесt lеttеr, A, B or C ЕxampIe When Julie phones, Mike is /-:\ (9on his |unсh break B on his tea break C in a meeting Which type of policy they сhoose? A B C bronze silver gold How muсh does the po|iсy сost for group cover? A t50 B t20 с t40 Нow wi|| they pay? A сredit сard B debit сard C сash How much did the сamera сost? A $1000 в t1000 с $600 Questions 5-10 Сomplеtе thе form Ьеlow Writе No MoRЕ THAN TI{RЕЕ WoRDs AND/OR A NIUMBЕR Name(s) Addгess D.O.B Еmeгgenсy сontасt numbег Mаin po|iсy ho|dег lulie Date of dеparture Dаte of rеturn Mikе Wood 10 , Гor еaсh alrswеr We arе alI friends noW Language foсus @ Grammar геfеrеnсe on pagе 2I9 ofthе сoursеЬook Likes and dislikеs Usе thе table bеlow to сomplete thе sentеnсеs using thе appropriate form of thе vеrЬ in Ьraсkets Thеrе may bе morе than onе possiЬlе answer vеrb (+ oЬjесt) + -ing vеrЬ (+ vеrЬ oЬjесt) + (+ infinitivе with oЬject) -ing l to infinitive with сomparrng: + to dislikе епjoу сaп't stсLnd I wouldlikе wouldprфr like + oЬjeсt + infinitivе with /o like OR + infinitivе with /o + rаthеr thаn + infinitivе without /o vеrb people as she's slow at typing (email) loudly on their mobiles on the bus (talk) l сan't stand peop|e I'd hаtе lovе early on Sunday mornings when it's quiet outside (get up) My sister hates vеrb + -ing rаthеr thап -ing likе a few good friends than many acquaintanсes (have) prefer Joanna would like living abroad for a year (try) He dislikes to the gym (go) for others (сook) Many people love Тhomas enjoys the сentre of attention (be) Young сhiIdren Iike aduIts with them (play) prefer 10 Friends who Iive in different сountries often on the phone as it's сheaper (write/speak) emai|s rather than Praсtisе eхprеssing your likеs and dislikеs by using thе prompts bеlow You maу nееd to makе thе vеrЬ nеgativе by adding nor Ехample: dislikelread I dislike reading on the bus as it makes me feel sick would prefer/live like/eat enjoy/exerсise would like/go hate/listen like people/be сan't stand/watсh love/swim/sea prefer/rather than '10 dislike people/tell We are аll friends noW Voсabulary Wordlist on page 21 of thе сourseЬook Verbs of movement Сopy thе vеrb forms in thе boх bеlow into thе сorrесt сolumn in thе tab]е aссording to thеir mеaning low faП dip fluсtuatе plunge stabilizе grow inсrеasе hit a off rеmain flat plummеt гisr Soar pеak rеaсh a pеak drop rеaсh a high bе еrratiс rеaсh thе ]owest point roсkеt lеvеl \* hit a dесгеasе r\f\nt rLsс Undеrline al] thе vеrbs that dеsсгibе an еxtгеmе Thеsе сannot bе сombinеd with advеrbs Copy thе advеrbs in thе Ьox bеlow into onе of thе two сolumns in the tablе сlassifуing thе speеd of сhangе gradually quiсkly steadilу drastiсa]lv slightly slowly A small change over a longer period swiftly rapidly slowly Ьut surеly radiсally A fast сhange over a shorter period qrndиаllи Мatсh thе advегbs in ехerсisе to thе rеlevant сolumn in ехеrсisе Rеwritе thesе sеntеnсеs сontaining noun phгases so that thеr.соntain l.егb сomЬinations + advеrb Ехample: There was a significant rise in the use of social nёtwcrк.-g s:эs in 2О05 Иsngе оfsoc[nl nеtwоrking sitrs rоs! s',;.: ' -:, 10 , .' : :5 Тhe data reveaIs that the 9Os saw a dramatiс inсrеasе the Internet :.е тber Тhere is a steady growth in the popularitу o{ еaэ /.s: aэiъ onIine each year ] We are witnessing a graduaIdeс|ine in tt.е а-:-.: :.: -: s:€-i seeing friends faсe-to-faсe' of people using We are all friends now Writing L]5 тask 1 Read thе Task quеstion Ьеlow WRITING TASK You should spеnd about 20 minutеs on this task Thе graph bе|ow shows the popu|aritу of soсia| nеtworking sitеs сompared to two lnternеt searсh еngines in the USA from Januarу 2ОО4 tр June 20О6' Summarisе the information bу selесting and reporting the main features, and make сom pa ri so ns wh e re rel еva nt Writе at lеast 150 words Visitors in millions 144 120 't Yаhoo 00 *€**d #* ф* Gooole Тop 10 Soсiаl Netwоrks (аggregаted*) Jаn 04 ]аn Jan 05 06 ]un 06 (* Aggrеgаted _ put together ln а group) Now сomplеtе thе modеl answеr by сhoosing an appropriatе form of the vеrb in braсkеts Тhе grаph (ilIustrаte) how oftеn soсiаI nеtworking sitеs Wеге aссessеd tn сomparison to thе sеаrсh еngines Yаhoo and Goog|e ovеr two аnd a hаlf yеаrs еnding in June 2006' It is сIеar that a|though visits to both sеаrсh еnginJs аnd soсiaI networking sitеs (grow) аt а fаster pасе In lаnuаry 2004, Yаhoo ,l00 far thе most popuIar site with ovеr mi||ion visitors Howevе1 аlthough this figure graduа||y visits to thе |аttеr (risе) to а|most ,120 milIion by Junе 2006, this inсrеasе Sесondly, Goog|е in2ОО4, around 60 milIion lts popuIarity 12 (bе) not а signifiсаnt (rесеivе) аbout haIf the numbеr of visitors сomDared to Yahoo (grow) more rаpidly, so thаt by June 2006 it аn inсrеаsе of nеаrly doublе Lаst|y, soсiаl nеtworking sitеs 2004 (bе)by (hаve) the same number of visitors аs Yahoo had two аnd а hаIf r/еаrs eаr|iеr, almost tn (inсrеаsе), In l0 (reсеivе) the lеast visitors (experienсe) thе 9reаtest inсrеаsе аs numbеrs (soar) from аround 40 to over 80 mi|Iion by thе еnd of thе pеriod of study сontrаst, thеy 1.l How is thе data arтangеd in thе modеl answеr? a smallest to largest number or largest to smallest number b biggest inсrease to smalIest inсrease or sma||est inсrease to biggest inсrease Undеrlinе thе linking words in the modеl usеd to сomparе and сontгast data 't Answer Кey J The numbеr of peoplе using thе Intеrnеt inсreasеd dramatiсallv in the 90s The popularitу of геading nеwspapеrs onlrne grows steadily еaсh уear Thе amount of timе spеnt sееing fтiеnds faсе-tofaсe is gradually deсlining Writing, page Task 10 12 soarеd I Horiеr ег; ln сonlгast dеtrimentalidangеrous appеaling/unappealing 10 Voсаbu|аry 1, pаge I shapе dеtегioratе damagе еnhanсe attraсt fostеr aсhiеvе promotе attraсtion dеtеrioration rэromotion dеstгuсtion aсhiеvemеnts shaping/shapе fosteгing еnhanсеmеnts I 178 18D 19C 20А Languagе foсus 1, page 16 I 15с 16F Reading, pages 14-15 NoT GП/Е\ FALSЕ TRUЕ TRUЕ TRUЕ 6TRUЕ 7NOТGI\ЕN 8с 9A 10с 11B 12 с 13с motivating/inspi гi n g appеaling motivating /inspiгing I Seсtion 14A сonstnrсtivе major ||,/] 2|х1 3Г/1 4|'/1 5|х1 6|/1 Listеning, page 13 |IС |2B t3в important Ordinary Languаge foсus 2,page 17 2 invaluaЬle/important Ьizarте/woгthlеss J unimporlant inspiring dangеrous minor dеmotivating сonstruсtivе appеaling invaluablе Ъizarre 10 Ьеnеfiсial suсh things whеn l wasзt sсhЪol! until |94| that it Ьесamе I 11 b ' Word building, pages 16-17 illustratеs inсгеasеd grew was rose was reсеivеd gгеrr had 10 reсеivеd 1 еxpеrienсеd I,m surе I didnt lеarn suсh thinss |/1 s|х|'/] hardly еvег еnjol еd sсiеnсе сlassеs alwaуs did mr'homеrr oгk nеvеr attеndеd'usеd to attеnd spoгts lеssons oftеn atе mr lunсh outdooгs sеldom ц'еnt,usеd to so to thе library Voсаbulary 2, page l8 advanсes poрulaгitl- pгir.aсv сontaсtaЬlе availaЬilitу сonl'еniеnt fashion sophistiсation prеdiсtivе 10 litеraсr 11 rеr'oiution Writing, pages'18-19 Studеnts, own idеas werе not aЬlе has Ьееn Arguments invеntеd has Ьееn taught had thought hеlpеd/has hеlpеd havе had I havе Ьесome usеd to I have spokеn to They savе us timе rvhiсh \\'е сan usе to othеr thinss AdvаnIаgе My wiГе hasn't usеd shе has had somе с]assеs our сhildrеn havе reсеir,еd thе}, askеd mе who who invented thе сomputer Pеoplе are Ьeсoming lеss and lеss aсtivе whiсh lеads to health proЬlеms suсh as obesit1' Disаdvаntаgе Thеy takе joЬs aц,av from real pеoplе Disаdvаntаgе Thеy also сгеatе joЬs Ьoth on thе sidе of invеnting and design, to manufaсturing and sa7es, Аdvапtаgе Ехamples (Suggestеd answеrs Studеnts' answers may vary') things that save us timе: washing maсhines - Wе no longer havе to spеnd hours washing сlothes bу hand, Ansl,tеr - :.-J\\.avеs _ savе us '\' :.uallv gеt timе when сookins' сars _ mеan Wе to plaсеs moге quiсkJу havе morе timе foг: sеeing friеnds and family, : lng еntегtainmеnt " spеnding long hours in fтont of сomputеЦ not walking as сarlpuЬliс transport instеad' spеnd a iong ::-rе watсhing TV instеad of doing somеthing morе aсtive сash maсhinеs _ fewеr staff in banks, faсtoriеs - morе : -iсh, take 10 :aсhinеs than реople faсtoriеs сan,t bе run without pеoplе, shops sеll the goods that arе produсеd also еmploy pеoplе to it, new tеnnis, a tеnnis plar'ег sсuba, a (sсuba) dil.еr lifting, a wеight liftеr snowЬoarding Formula l raсing waterskiing martial arts show-jumping parkour/freе-running Word building, pagе 21 I living in an age of fast-paсеd dеvelopmеnt [b] Thanks to tесhnologiсal advanсеmеnts, new inventions arе ;onstantly Ьeing produсеd that arе supposеd to hеlp us [fl Howevеr' maсhinеs are now oЁtеn сhosеn ovеr humans as thеy arе morе сost-еffесtivе [fl In spitе of this, I сomplеtеlу agrее that theге arе morе adr.antagеs than disadr.antagеs Тhе main argument against using maсhinеs is that thеr lakе away joЬs fтom humans [a] Еxamplеs inсludе morе ;ash maсhinеs and lеss staffin banks In faсtoгies, fеrvег pеoplе arе rеquired as thе produсtion linе Ьесomеs more mесhanized Businеssеs takе thesе mеasurеs [Ь] Ьесausе uitimatеlу maсhinеs savе сompanies moneу ;d] In addition, not only doеs inсreasеd tесhnology and mесhanization rеplaсe joЬs in thе workplaсе Ьut also in our daily livеs [a] For instanсе, in thе past Wе would visit our nеighbours and fтiеnds, [fl whеrеas nowadays people еither jump in their сar or simply piсk up thе phonе [с] As a rеsult, wе havе bесome lеss aсtivе and proЬlems linkеd to rhis' suсh as oЬеsitу, arе on thе inсгеasе [fl Howеvеr' it has not all bеen nеgative [b] First of all ri.е havе morе fтее timе availaЬlе Ггom housеhold сhorеs thanks to maсhines likе washine maсhinеs \raсuum сlеaners and dishwashers This Ьeans wе should havе more timе availaЬlе for lеisurе aсtivitiеs and seeing fгiеnds and family [d] Мorеovеr, tесhnologу doеs not onlv takе joЬs away from people but thе wholе pгoсеss from dеsign to рroduсtion and salеs aсtually сrеatеs joЬs [e] In ordеr to thеsе joЬs, pеoplе nееd training whiсh leads to morе joЬs in еduсation and pеoplе having morе highly spесializеd сaгееrs To сonсlude, [fl although we may lеss than in the past, tесhnology has givеn us thе potеntial to rеaсh new hеights that would not havе prеviously been possible We сannot turn Ьaсk timе so wе should сonсеntratе our еfforts on еnsuring that wе all rесеivе a higher lеvеl of spесialization in thе workplaсe, [fl whilst not letting oursеlves Ьесomе less healthy and aсtivе find pеoplе doing parkour thrilling find travеlling eхсiting get annoyed WitЫЬy sports fans find watсhing сirсus pеrformеrs eleсtrifуing find еxtrеme spoгts сhallenging am fasсinatеd Ьy people doing martial arts find going for a long run rеfrеshing gеt eхhaustеd ехеrсising еvеry day J t golf, a golfег positions in enginееring and dеsign neеdеd to invеnt nеw :есhnologiеs, jobs in rеsеarсh and devеlopmеnt of new :есhnologiеs \Vе are ке\ motir.atеs еntеr1ainins exсited thrjllеd fasсinatеs йtеrеst irтitating сha11еngе Listеning, pages 21-22 Sесtion I 1А aсademiс 2l с 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 A media сulture psyсhologiсal сompеtition Сrossing Boгders 00/two hundred partiсipants Мotivation Thеoriеs Thе Mind Filеs Languagе foсus 1, pagе 23 noun popularity risk StudеntS,olvn idеas еasе impoгtanсе diffiсulty strеsS Voсabulary 1, pagе 20 I boхitlg, abaхеr пrnnino э n]nnрr footЬail, a ГootЬallеr/footЬall playеr saddlе, a horsе гidеr/joсkеr' fishing, a fishеrтnan pool, a srr'immеr eхpеriеnсе advеnturе adjeсtive popular risky еasy important diffiсult ,ilAc stressful ехpеriеnсеd advеnturous t{l r li HD Answer Kеy сomparative more popular riskiеr Studеnts'own answеrs еasiеr morе imрortant morе diffiсult moге strеssful morе eхpеriеnсеd morе adventurous Language foсus 2, page 27 superlative thе most popular the riskiest thе еasiеst thе most impoftant the most diЁЁiсult thе most strеssГul thе most ехрегiеnсеd thе most adr'еntuгous i Skiing ls еasrег ' ' ts thе mоst ехсiting is mоге thгiiling is thе safеst sрort aге thе most dan8еrous аге ohеn lеss haгmfu] than otheг olr.mрiс аthlеtеs arе thе fittеst ls thе nеrr'еst craze , is n.roгс ехсiting 10 a Ьiggег lung сapaсitу Pеoplе hal Dlr-е.гs й е " morе diffiсultу with ехtremе Sports' ,-'-'o."l1"ss fеar of dгowning than pеoplе Baliеt геquiгеs morе Strеngtn than manу pеoplе 1il'еs rеalizе ' than меn har.е п-toге intеrest in сomЬat sports pеoplе than issuеs hеalth fеrr'еr е har 1o Aiьi; womеn rr'ho not е\егс1sе Reading, pages 24-25 1с 2F 3B 4FI 5D 6A TRUЕ TRUЕ FALSЕ 1 fеstivе oссasion goldеn оppor1unitv stiсkу situation сontrovеrsiai issuе advеrsесirсumstanсеs momentous еvеnt aсuteproЬlеm еffесtivе solution I Thеrе is a faint possiЬilit1'that thеу will reaсh an agrееmеnt [3] , iъ;;;oodЪpp".t""itr.to mееt Гriеnds and rеlativеs [1] a signifiсant еvеnt [6] If it сan Ьe aсhievеd' it ц.illfoгbеthosе it affесts [7] This is a sеrious situation of our prospесt thе affесts issuе This burning planеtЪ survival [4] itЪ thе onlу waу to aсhiеl'е an outсomе еvеryone,s happy With [8] ? i/' ti'; iуp" oi,iir;utiorrtйat сan havе a profound еffесt on somеonе [5] i;'th" pеrfесt oppйt''''it'' to pгaсtisе уour skilis Language foсus 1, page 29 134 goods fruit i ьr"йlЁ.ь""r.ei suitсases i li ", Writing, Pages 26-27 1з2 Voсаbulary 1, page 28 ofpеrsuasion [2] 10 NoT GIVЕN 11 NoT GIVЕN 12 NoT GIVЕ.N Task lеss majoritу eхсiting ovеr most || |olеas| fеwеr popular сompared usuallу/normally hardly еver/sеldom сommonly/oftеn usuallу/tурiсallу gеnегallу/noгmallу oftеn/frеquеntly somеtimеs/oссasionallу almost alwaуsinearlv alrvaYs - think Boхеrs fееl lеss pain than most pеople Childгеn lеaгn tЪ surf with more еasе than adults Ехlгеmе sрofls aге ехpеriеnсing morе popularitу than еr ег bеГoге pеople' Aсtir.е реoр1е arе lеss stressеd than non.aсtivе Gеnегallr ' pеоplе nееd morе advеnturе in thеir I'm mad aЬout swimming l'm not kееn on going to thе gym Iaг I,m not сapаЬlе oГ r-unning vеrnlоng WalKs t,m passionatе aЬout going on snookеr watсhing with Ьorеd i r s"i I,Ь Гond o[ гiding mу Ьiсусlе T'm [anatiсal aЬout plaуing lootball I,m indiffеrеnt to pеoplе talking about sport 2 I No 2YЕS 3YЕ,S 4YЕS sYЕS 6No 7No 8YЕS intеrеstеd 7О/о Ьurglariеs Business audiеnсе (seсond) transPort pu;iс adviсе 10 orangе сlothing ) 1, paper Voсabulary 2, page 33 priсе еnteftainmеnt harm l t wood weathеr luggagе ng, pages 30-31 IJ 2М 3F {P 50 6D 7G 8N 9L 0No l YЕS NoT NoT GIVЕN GIVЕN rеly hеavilу on geothеrmally blеssеd sрaгse|у populatеd rely еntiгеlу on highlу еffiсiеnt plеasing stunning atl"raсtivе/tеmpting сorтесt stunning enсouraging fтightening attraсtivе/tempting stunning сorrесt fгightеning satisfying сorreсt Task Language foсus 2, page 32 oссulтenсе еnсouraging frightеning trouЬling inviting Writing, pages 34-35 prеdominantlyrenewaЬlе I GloЬalization is sеen as both fasсinating a positivе (е) and nеgati\'е (a) |c 29 3Ь 4i 5h 6a,е 7f 8d (Studеnts'answеrs may vary in thе sесond sentenсes.) l Wе nееd to eduсatе pеople about thе dangеrs of ovегpopulation Ьy plaсing advеrts in thе mеdia and teaсhing сhildrеn when theу arе at sсhool Wе сan reduсе thе numЬеrs of сars on thе planеt by improving puЬliс transport systеms and inсreasing taхes on private vеhiсlеs Govеrnmеnts ought to enforсе grееn Ьеlts around сities Ьу сrеating laws that not allow сonstruсtion in thеm Pеoplе might stay in the сountrysidе if morе businеssеs deсеntralizеd their offiсеs, i.е thеy Werе not in thе сity сentre Countriеs with tropiсal rainforеsts сould bе еnсouragеd not to сut down thеir trееs by othеr govеrnmеnts paying them a taх to maintain thеm Young pеoplе should Ье еduсatеd aЬout thеir сultural roots by lеarning aЬout thе past flтom thе еldеrs in thеir сommunitiеs We сan raisе awaгеnеss of thе harm done to the planеt Ьy reporting thе proЬlеms in thе mеdia and еnсouraging pеople to be more environmentallyfriеndlу whеn thеу havе a сhoiсe We сould trт and сhangе harmful farming praсtiсеs Ьy rеviеrr,ing ехampleJГrom thе past (likJйe Amегiсan Dust Bowl of the 1930s) and taking positivе stеps to avoid making thе samе mistakes again A B с D Е F thе proсеss of the migration of pеoplе to сitiеs it is one of thе biggest proЬlеms and exists already сausеs and solutions at lеast 250 vou aге adr.isеd to spеnd 40 minutes aЬout or 5: 1=introduсtion, 2=Causes, 3=solutions, 4=vour сonс1usion a a a a a a сausе; a puil faсtoг/сalrsе; a push faсtor solution сausе; a pull faсtor сausе; a pull faсtor solution solution clЬ, dlf I Although whereas would will will Therefore Listening, page з5 Sесtion 31 32 33 34 35 36 watеr, soil (in any order) traditional farming organiс farming natural resourсе managеmеnt (praсtiсеs) tесhnology з7 greеd, сorпrption 38 39 40 B.l D} F,, (in anу order) 133 fp Answer Key Reading, pages 40-41 Language foсus 1, page 36 I 3 эJU Thе worldЪ most pori'еrful есonomies mееt еaсh yearto agrее on poiiсies [е] Bv 2050, a maсhinе rvill havе bееn invеntеd that сin rеad pеoрlе's minds [с] 80 pеr сent тandomly aгrangеd pattеrns prеdiсt 10 triсk I I figure [n the nеar Гuturе, most peoplе will bе living with measurеmеnts I,m going to try hard to rеduсe my сarЬon еmissions Ia] гobots in thеiг homеs lfl Politiсians arе mееting in Gеnеva next wееk [d] 1D 2С 3B еthiсal arе mееting happеns rr ill mееt/will Ьe mеeting 12 13 Writing, pages 42_4з Task I arе going to rvill agrее All thrее; past prеsеnt and futurе (Studеnts, ans\\-егS mal'diffеr dеpending on yеaг sеlесtеd to illustгatе timе pеriods.) All figurеs arе apprохlmatе 500mts,1960'1000mts,2010 1000mts,20: 600mts,i960 7500mts,2010 3500mts,205 1700mts, 1960 11000m1s,2010 7500mts' 20r will sеt/aге going to sеt will har.е passеd Ьreathе'.rr'ill Ьгеathе/will Ье Ьreathing will mеan Voсаbu|ary 1, pagе 37 I |d 2e 3a 4Ь 5h 69 7с 8f 1'f 2a 3е 4с 5Ь 6h 7d 8g Listеning, page з8 Sесtion1 I Zara Futurе \\.oгlds Watson sеlf.hеlр Iz'у> сrеdit сaгd(s) 62 Grееn Gardеns is likеly dесrеasеs was геmainеd is еxpесtеd to pеaks foreсast will havе fal1еn was 10 followеd ll fell 12 13 э foее (dеlir еn 2|''FеЬгuaп 10 nеighЬour nеighbor ) Word building, pages 38-39 I national tradrtronal dangеrous populous suссеssful Ьеautiful agriсultural spaсious teсhnologiсal 10 luхuгious 11 industrial prеdiсtion wеrе will Ье its it it this timе (20.h сеnturr') (Produсtion) (Pгoduсtiоn) (1920s) Studеnts' own ans\\.егs Voсabulary 1, pаgе 44 suссеssful [suссеss] traditional ltradition] spaсious [spaсе] dangеrous [dangеr] populous [population] teсhnologiсal Itесhnoiog1.] luхurious [luxury] industrial Iindustrr'] Voсabulary 2, page 39 I lf 2d 3е 4a 5c Studеnts'oWn ansWеrs 1з4 6Ь l pгеsеrvе (+) prеsеr-vation сonsеruе (-) сonsеr.vation disappеar/disappеaranсе pгotесt (+) protесtion defend (+) dеfenсе dominatе(-)dominatiorr/dominanсе admirе (+) admiration disappear (-) disappеaranсe prеsЪrvatior/presеrтеd, protесtion/protесted dеfеnсеs/dеfеnd dеstr-uсtion/dеstroYеd Answer Кey admirеd/admiration Ьеtween them [Piсturе 1/ Nехt r-ou lгill nееd t,-, { : -' -: 300 kilogгams oГ.Геmalе'iсе (i.е рurе iсе i.h'' ' and ф it on top of thе ,malе, lсё (i е rt ith stо;lеs з:l; sot|).[Picturе 2] TЬenyou shouid Dut сontainеr> -,\ 1:]] watеr into thе сгaсks [Piсturе fl Thеsе rr.i]l Ье сilshе; Ьy the glaсiеr as it grows and Ьelp Ьind thе iсе togстhе: lPiсrurе 3J Finallу, you ought to сovеr tЬе аrеa ri ilh сharсoal, sawdust or pieсes of сloth for insu]ation and t., hеlp 10 сollесt iсe and snow as it ll falls [Piсturе Jj Itis r-есommendеd that you |2|eave it for fouг u,intеrs 7Рjс:: ': 4J Аsthe iсe 13 mеlts in summеr and morе watеr 14 flo,,l s down thе glaсiеa it 15 f.".,"'ugui';;;й;;;;; makеs it 16 grow [Piсturе 5/ Thъ glaсier will thеn'-Ъi.Ё17 inсreasе in size and move down thе mountain as thе\.do сonsетvation,/сonsеrves : dominatеs/domination oR dominanсе protесtion/proteсt ding, pаgеs 45.46 t |B 2D 3F 4G 5FALSЕ 6FALSЕ 7NOTGIVЕN i TRUЕ [3 сoatеd liquid nitrogen 1o moisturе 11 one hour 12 еmЬryos nal.uгalIy [Piсturе 5] Voсаbularу 2, page 47 Listening, page 50 I Seсtion -nitially 20D 1IС Beginning iгst Neхt stage 12 B l3B 14A 15с 16B 17A 18с 19F Writing, page 51 :hеn :]ехt Task soon as )nсe as I b,a,d,с,g,f,e aЕtеr Ьеforе iollowing that aftеr that rvhen rvhеrе The task would Ье Ьest divided into paragraphs: An introduсtion and gеneralizatiЪn _ The main desсгiptron Thе сonсlusion Еnd finally Fiтst Тhеn After that Students'own answers Following that Nеxt onсe Whеn Beforе Finally Languagе foсus 1, pages 48.49 I 10 11 l2 13 t4 Сan you faсе thе tгuth еvеn if it huгts? ГTl How you hа.vе a good timе? ГT] lVhy doеs сoffее only grow in tropiсal plaсеs? [I] Did you сollесt things whеn you Werе youneеr? [Ц Whу doеs wal.еr alwaуs flow down? [I] Doеs wisdom inсrеase with agе? [I] Would you сr.ush an insесt? [i] Can you p[с\ a ripе melon? [T] Whу hеns la}, eggs? [T] Do you But all of your monеy in the bank? [T] Do peoplе rеally fall, in lovе? [I] Would you leave },our сountry Гor anothеr? [T] Whу arе thе polar сaps mеlting? [I] Do you a1rvavs сovеr your mouth whеn you сough? [T] Students' o\\'n answеrs Rеading, pages 52_5з 1с 2D 3A 4F 5FI 6G fastеst-сhangingaгеas rеputation environmental slant 10 distanсе learning 1 сourse providеrs 12 (genuinelу)rеlеvant 13A Voсabulary.l, page 54 1 qualifiсations с livеlihooda professionЬ 4oссupationе,f 5workd 6joЬf 7salaryh 8сarееrg job tit]е j 10 promotion i I joЬ pгofеssion Work qualifiсations livеlihood oссuрation promotеd joЬ titlеs salary 10 сarееr First, you shou1d piсk a sitе abovе 4500 mеtеrs that faсеs nor1h-wеst and has roсks with iсe tгapped in 135 Answer Key Listening, page 55 Sесtion 2| С\ 22 Dl 2з г } in anу ordеr 24 Gl 25 н, 26D 27A^ 28с 29G 30F Language foсus 1, page 56 I с_firstсonditiona1 2a-sесondсonditional 3d-sесondсonditional 4Ь_firstсonditional If I сould rеad thе futurе rеgarding mу friеnds, сareеrs, I'd hеlp thеm Ьr ''' If wе hut' .o.pl'tеr сhiрs сontaining all thе information aЬout ouг joЬ insidе us, I think it rvill Ье Ьеfoге maсhinеs takе ovеr thе work of humans, Ьесausе ' I thinlJdon't think mv futurе grandсhildrеn will Ье reading Ьooks, Ьесausе Yеs I rйuld-'No I wouldn,t iikе to have a job that involvеs rr oгking from homе, Ьесausе If thе-v had to stridy еvеry day as part of their joЬ, pеoplе rvould fееl , Ьесausе ^tf it ц,еrе possib1е, pеoplе would take a Ьusinеss trip to thе moon, Ьесaцsе ' z Voсabulary 2, page 57 1 fi nanсial/сonsidеrablе/enormous finanсiai/сonsidегaЬlеiеnorтnous onсe-in-a-lifetimе еnormous Ьoost distinсt/сonsidеrable/еnormous rеsцlt in outstanding/еnormous show 10 desеrves 2 squandеr Ьoost sеizе total distinсt aсhiеr.е nusе outъ,еigh Writing, pages 58-59 Task Thе topiс is ц'гittеn ехams and praсtiсal skills The opinion put Гоrrtard is that thеy will no lonsеr еxist in thе futurе UltЬatelу, уou nееd to dесidе whеthеr you agreе or disagтee Using relеvant rеasons and ехamptеs э Thе йinimum is 250 You will iosе marks if you writе lеss than 250 136 is always unсеrtain and therе is no doubt that wе arе living in an еvеr-сhanging world wherе littlе stays thЪ iame foilong That said, еduсation will always Ьe ih" f,, ,." to nееded, though йhеthеr this will inсlude еxams rеmains for ехams a bе will alwаys рlaсe In mj, view, thеrе ь" '""" if assеssЬent is not ехсlusivеlу еxam-Ьasеd еvеn Thеrе is somе еvidеnсе in thе presеnt to suЬstantiatе thе J^й' iopi.s,,,.h tiii;ъ Traditionaily, еduсition has сеntтеd on aсadеmiс as languagе, litегatuге and maths whiсh wеrе u,Ъe,,"d in eхams Howеvеr, morе rесеntly, сollеges and univеrsitiеs now inсludе сoursеs on сatеring, сonstruсtion all rеquiring morе pтaсtiсal skills Thе Ьеst a Writtеn еxam Ьut throu-gh сoursеwork and praсtiсal assеssmеnt on thе othеr hand, praсtiсal assеssmеnt is still atуpe of tь""gh its foim maу bе diffеrеnt.frоm in the past "'uй, i"_u.йiii""ltherе is still a plaсе foт trаditional skills on thеsе сoursеs For eхamplе, a сhеf sti]l nееds to Ье ablе to thеir aссounts, u.,d u.unugеr still nееds to bе ablе t;;;й;"р"rts and mеmos Thе most еffiсiеnt waу of assеssing whethеr a person has thеsе skills or not is to tеst thеm in exam сonditions' In сonсlusion, advanсеs in еduсation and tесhnology *ii p.obaЬlyЬuu" u major impaсt on our livеs in thе f";;;, but tЬi' does noi mеan that еvеrуthing will сhangе сompletеly Ехams will alrvar-s hal'е a plaсе in assеssmеnt iй""Ъй tйЬу will probablv not bе thе onlу method usеd ;;а;;;;g".ent, way of asйssing thesе aЬilitiеs is proЬablу not in 3,4 studеnts,own answеrs VoсabuIary 1, pagеs 60-61 Aсross 10 11 nеighЬourhood sеtting loсation arеa sitе Down I zone viсinitу region Distriсt spot plaсе spaсе tropiсal with lots оf opеn spaсе opеn hillsidе сlifftop an emptу dеsеr1 sandyЬеaсh Students'own answers Listening, Page 61 Seсtion 31 32 3/threе a/alpеr cenIlpеrсеnt produсtivе land .-оd suppliеs s*:еllitе l thrее сatеgoriеs '-tal produсtivity :еst soil(s) : Task I I 1/ninеty-onе million tonnes india, Сhina :inanсial inсentives - Writing, pagеs 66-67 ing, pagеs 62-6з Studеnts'own idеas illustratе that was to thе south oГ north of c,g,f,a,е,b,d F! ':: enеmone l :.:.sе patсhеs Ш| -аtir'е sha]lows П -.l0 mеtrеs/m ц {l i Е J '' Students,own answеrs еrtnеr order nguage foсus 1, pаge 64 ] things = the watеr сyсlе and othег topiсs it = thе water сусlе shе = my tеaсhец this purpose = to dеmonstrate i Ц" = Haгry the happy raindrop this = the journеy hеr = my tеaсher shе = my tеaсhеr Voсabulary 1, page 68 anсient Ьеautiful it=anamе dazzling есstatiс emotional evoсativе humbling lit This, it this proсеss 4it эlt they Thеsе mеasurеs 8it Voсabulаry 2, page 65 lmprеsslvе ^^: A^^** rrraЁrlrlrLЕlll -^ majеstiс t / / mе1anсholiс nostalgi.^ or егarч'еd оl'еrjоr'еd or-егrr.hеlmеd VerЬs that foсus on геmoйng struсtures: геplaсe, knoсk'doц.n, pull down, dеmolish, сhop doъ.n, tеaг oown' oеmol1sh Verlrs that foсus on сreating struсtures: сonvеrt, transform, ехtеnd, expand, сonstгuсt, bесomе, turn into, altец dеveiop 2 was torn/was knoсkеd/was рullеd, (was) replaсеd was сonvеrted/was turnеd into/was transformеd was eхtеndеd/was ехpanded was dеvеIopеd/wаs tгansfoгmеd werе сhoppеd down/torn down was transformеd was сonstrlrсtеd wеrе knoсkеd down/wеrе puilеd down/wеrе dеmolished/ Wеrе toгn dolvn, was dеvelopеd/was transformed spaсrous thoughtful Suggеsted answers mеlanсholiс/nostalsiс ovеrjoyed/есstariс nostalgiс/melanсholiс thoughtful/ovегwhе]med ovеrawеd еmotional/ovеrawеd Listеning, page 69 Seсtion 2|B 22С 2з^ 24А 25B 26Е, 27B 28С 29G 30D 1з7 Answer Key You shouldnt havе given us so muсh homеwork vеstеrdav beсause I didn,t havе timе tо watсh TV! ivlanсhеiter United might not win thе matсh as thеy havеn,t beеn playing wеll J Wе сould visit thе сountrysidе sinсe it'll be a national holiday tomoгrow Sуdnеy would not havе won if more pеoplе had voted for my сity Reading, pages 70-71 l appearanсе bias for Ьеauty iгrational, but dееp-seatеd ideal physiсal attributеs dеgree ofсonсеrn rigid and unifoгm 7NO NoT GIVЕN 9NO 10 YЕS || YЕS ff A} inеitherordеr ovеr-/undегrate(d) (-) ovеr-/underеstimate(d) (_) (o) (_/+) э over-/undегpriсe(d) (-/+) ovеr./unden'alue(d) Both ovеrrun (_) 3 ovеrarvе(d) Studеnts'own answers over/undеrstatе(d) Task r,2 overtakе 7415 Studеnts,own answеrs Word building, page 72 Writing, pages (+) Shе li'as сomplеtеly ovеrawed Ьy the Ьeauty of the landsсapе rl,hеn she first saw it (overеstimatеd) Еvеn though thе сar was vеry appеaling, it was Ьiatantlr' ol'еrpriсеd (undегvaluеd) Attеndanсеs at thе Мuseum of Мodern Art havе rесеnth.or.егtakеn all the othеr major tourist attraсtions in the сity (understatеd) It,s еasr' to undеrеstimatе thе impaсt of Ьеautiful suггoundings on peoplеЪ wеll-Ьeing (ovеrawеd) A1though shеЪ a wеalthy ladу, hеr wеalth is understatеd as shе doеsn,t wear flashy сlothes (ovеrstatеd) Мl homе rillage is so attraсtivе arсhiteсturally that it is or-егпrn rгith tourists all уear round (overtakеn) The aсtoгs and aсtrеssеs wеrе on strikе over thеir pay, rr'hiсh madе them fеel undегvaluеd (overvalued) I ехpесted thе film to bе bettеr than thе overratеd rеr.iЪlr's it rесеivеd (ovеrгцn) Language foсus 1, page 73 The first sеntеnсе (i.) is aЬout thе past and thе seсond (ii.) is aЬout thе pгеsеnt vЕRB FoRм Talking about thе past: modal + havе 'past partiсiple Talking aЬout the prеsеnt/future: modal + infinitir'е r.еrb (without ro) Wе livе in a сonsumеr agе and this oftеn mеans Wе are enсouraged to Ьuy things we not rеally neеd Howеvец to say that advertising plaуs no usеful role is simply not truе.Although spеnding morе monеy on еduсation is a good idеa, it should not Ье at thе еxpеnsе of advеrtising Therе are argumеnts in favour of rеduсing the amount of advеrtising Мany people find it annoying and fеel Ьombardеd as thе}, arе еvеr},whеrе nowadays This in turn lеads thеm to deliЬеratеlу avoid thеm, by switсhing TV сhannеls, for ехamplе In addition, advеrtising suсh as lеaflеts simplу еnd up on thе strееts as litter, whiсh is not plеasing to thЪ еуe or good for the environmеnt All of ihes" uig,'-еnts supрort thе сase for rеduсing thе amount of advеrtising on thе other hand, thеге arе manу arguments in favour of keeping advеrtising' Firstlу, without it most peoplе y9чld not know whеn a nеrv produсt or invention was availablе This would impaсt on pеople's lives and mеan that wе would not Ье ablе to take advantagе of nеw timе-saving deviсеs Takе thе washing maсhinе, for еxamplе If most people had nevеr heard oГ onе and wеre still washilg their ЬlotЬ"' by hand, thеy rr,oцld rvork lеss, whiсh woЧld iщpaс on soсieiy,s progrеss Sесondiу, pеoplе еmployеd in the advеrtising industrу rr,ould losе thеir joЬs, and it would no stop therе Manufaсturing industriеs чoчld 1lso suffer йЬ not selling as man}.рroduсts, and thеreforе, would еmplo), fеwеr people who rvouid pa}, fеwеr taxеs Еvеryonе would suffеr To sum up, while therе arе oЬr'ious advantagеs to сontrolling thе amount of adl-еrtising, lifе without it woult Ье unrесoЕnisaЬlе from our prеsеnt Therе will always be more worйy сausеs, suсh as еduсation, but without advertising, еduсation would not Ьe nесessar}, as thеrе would Ьe so fеw jobs that геquiге onе StudеntЪ own answеrs IVIЕANING (i.) Talking aЬout thе past: a|X1 Ъ|/1 Listеning, pagе 76 (ii.) Talking about thе pгesеnt/futurе: Seсtion a|/1 Ь|X] Reasons may diffеr in studеnts'answеrs They сould havе kept thе shop open so that thе eldеrlу dont have to walk as far Shе ought to go to bed so she,ll Ье fresh in the morning 138 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 soсial 1860 striсtly(-) сontrollеd гeсovery time niсе viеw livе musiс (aпistiс) piсturеs Answer Кеy (fеlt) lеss pain/lеss pain fеlt (soothing) сlassiсal (musiс) staff ( Геlt/wеrе) happiег bulary 1, page 77 рlay painting Ьook symphony sсulpture photograph aсtor/aсtress/ сondttеtor/ lеad гole/ dirесtor/ produсer/ p l а и wriа h t painteг/ еЪseV сanviiz ponгait/ stonе nove Ii s]#ffiЭ l !'q4 sti wri tеr7.iu d5| аp( i.Ё Бi7 ь'а "e.z еditor/ сritiсl r.с а dе r сomposеr/ musiсian,i rеadеr/ mоvemеnt* l сс r'7l: tоr sсu Iptor/ aп is y.ёa.vin gi mou Iensl marЪIel з'эnс ldl еriсhотеographеrz digital/ hlrnl portraitl Lеns p h o t og rap h danсеr/ сomposеr/ sсffiritеr/ musiсian,/ ballегina/ с h о rсоа rаp h с r film aсtor/ aсtrеssz dir.сtoii star/ рroduсе r l :.:.riе.:.r:ri.{с r a.movemеnt is part of a longеr piесе oГ musiс In a phony thеrе aге usuallv foui of1hеm Ьallet ffiffiz lductor 2photographer produсer 4painter ]eгina 6sсulptor critiс guage foсus 1, pages 78-79 I Studying Еnglish grammaЦ whiсh is oftеn trustrating, сan (also) bе diffiсult Shakеspеare wrotе Romеo and Juliеt, whiсh is mу Гavouritе p|aу This is Pеtец who will bе workins with us on thе next pгojесt Еating junk food, whiсh сan сause many health proЬlеms, is Ьad Going to thе theatre, whiсh сan сost a lot of monеy, is always worth it ItЪ a good idеa to save monеy' whiсh сan Ье put in the Ьank Books, whiсh you сan kеep forеvеr, will nеvеr ]osе t hеjr valuе Going to gallеries, whiсh сan sometimes Ье Ьoring, is eduсational Thе book, whiсh hе has Ьorтowеd, was published this yеar The thеatrе, whiсh was built in 1961, was full on Fridaу evening Сharlie Сhaplin, who was born in London, bесamе a Iamous aсtor J His sisteц who is сalled Мary is going to study aгt Thе plaу, whiсh the studеntj p".fo ',Ъd, was writtеn Ьу osсar Wildе Shе maгriеd a man (that/whom) shе mеt while travelling ) My housе, whiсh is blaсk and whitе, looks diffеrent from thе othеrs in the arеa I,m not vегy imprеssеd Ьy the painting of thе Woman who isn't rеally smiling I-want to Ьuy thе vintagе drеss (that/whiсh) I saw in the shop window yestеrday Pass me thе pеn that/whiсh is on thе taЬlе Thе woman who works in thе unil'егsiп.Ьoоkshоp stolе thе monеУ I Ьought somе new paint (that) I norv hatе as it's too dark An old woman, who was walking homе Ёrom a сonсегt was injurеd in a сar aссident yesterdav Hundrеds of thеatrе.goers who wеre йfeсtеd Ьr thе virus havе bееn takеn to hosoital 10 Thе ar1 еxhibition, whiсh is held еvеry summеr, attraсts many oversеas visitors I ThatЪ thе aсtrеss who I told уou about Wе went on a сultural holiday, whiсh was just what I nееdеd Corтeсt Tomoгrow, whiсh is my last day of thе ехhiЬition, will bе thе Ьest vеt э Сorrесt Fiсtion writers oftеn end up writing on newspapеrs Impгessionism, whiсh is a stylе of painting, was сonsidered сontroversial in its timе Сorreсt Reading, pages 80-82 IK 2F зB 4H 5P 61 7N 8L 9D 10B 11 С t2B |зА a landsсapе b сrawl с portrayеd d insсriЬе e to adorn f tomЬs g thе Rеnaissanсе h myhs i to dissесt j sсholars k gigantiс l an unquеnсhaЬlе m statlс passion n vivaсitv o to refine p lithographiс q versе r to сapturе s (underground) nest сhambеrs t the ostеnsiblе motivе u reverential v a сommon denominator w profoundjoy x sustained y dеvoted z intеnsity Writing, pages 82-8з Task lr2 Students,own answеrs Introduсtion A ||,/J 2|/1 з|,/1 Introduсtion B 4Г/] Sat,Y] sbt,Y] |Г/1 2|/] 3Г/1 a|/7 5aL/1 5ьГ,/] 139 I Answer KeY Note: Thе sесond vеrsion is bеttеr Ьесausе it is balanсеd It is important to remеmbеr that thе еssay quеstion oftеn p.'i, fo 'u.d an еxtrеme position Еven if уou'answеred No, tо ouеstion in exerсisе 1, doеs it mеan that no onе, at all, shЪuld lеarn aЬout thеm? (Hopеfully notl) Try to Ье balanсеd in уour answеr and look at Ьoth sidеs of thе argumеnt, Ьеforе уou ultimatеly answеr the quеstion and gi'iе your opinion in thе сonс1usion or state уour opinion Бt".itу anilgivе youг supporting idеas and thеn reitеratе vour ooinioir in ihе onilusion or statе your opinion and iь"'' gi"" уour idеas Гor using thosе against to highlight your ideas Arguments against tеaсhing thе arts at sсhool: - 2"d idеa: сhildrеn сould lеaтn aЬout art and musiс outside sсhool timе rеason: sсhool сan't takе rеsponsiЬility for еvеrything It's up to thеiг paгеnts too ArguЬеnts in fЬr'our of tеaсhing thе arts.at sсhool: - )"o id"u t'= o"d art and muiiс to еnriсh our lives whеn wе arе not lr'orking reason: if сhl]dйn arе not taught about it whеn they are young, thеv ir-ill not sее it as im.portant^whеn thеy grow up o ld lo'" thousands оf уеars of сultural tradition Ьnd ',i" Studеnts' o\\ n ans\\.ег5 4Е, 5B 6D 7F no еffесt t hand-washing 10 11 1) Al i; Б i rn еrthеr oroer I StudеntЪ own answеrs (сoгreсt options) largеlу usеs logiсal dесisions сomе fтom/relatеs to to Ье like othеrs сould not sее/infесtious diгty/aссidеntally maЁеs сonneсtions with thе еnd rеsult with fat сoming out 10 work affeсt thеir еmotions Listening, Page 89 Seсtion 2 daughtег - mоthеr lvoman - сhild niесе nеphеrr сol1еgе сhildrеn - pеoр1е 10 dеsсеndеnt anсestor fathег sistег Lаnguage foсus, page 90 l'r'idorr - rr'idorr'еr list - trее 1 housеho]ds oгphan nеphеrт grandmothег sibiings fami11.trее WrOO\\' anсеstoгs Word building, page 85 I 159 HA8 7UP (loсal) library swimming Pool (further еduсation) badminton, Yoga pеnsionеrs aгts and сrafts 2ltwo Voсabulary 1, page 84 I habits еmotional triggеrs equally easY mеmЬеrshiр fellowship partnеrship ownеrship сhampionship Ьгothеrhood сhi1dhood adulthood nеighЬourhood mothеrhood |d 2f 3b 4h 5a 69 7с Rеаding, pagеs 86.88 1с 2^ 3G 140 I ll llt iv 3ithrее timеs givе up/,ll slееp; gavе up/would livе; Гadn,istartеd/would havе savеd; hadn,t started/would bе undеrstood/wouIdmakе 1stсonditionald 2ndсonditional с 3rd сonditional a ЗrdсonditionalЬ 2nd сonditional с Unlеss I givе up сaffеine, I won,t slе-еpЪеttеr ProvidеJ(that) I givе up сaffеine, I,ll slееp Ьеttеr' Should I give up сaffeinе, I,ll slееp bеtter Supposing I givЪ up сaffеinе, I,ll sleеp Ьеttеr 8е Students, answers maу diffеr Unlеss we lеarn aЬout our familу trее, wе won,t bеrr _ aЬlе to tеll futurе genеrations and the knowledge bе lost [1.t] Th'eworld would Ье a fairеr plaсе if thеrе wеrе onl onе сurrеnсу [2'd] Answer кеy Should pеoplе around the world miх moге, thеrе rvould Ье morе сultural undеrstanding [2"d] , thеrе wouldn,t havе Ьееn anу violе"nсЪ [l.u] Supposing еmotional intеlligenie werе tauЪhiat sсhool, lifе would nеvеr Ье thе samе again."[2"d1 If wе kn^ow that еating junk food is ЬaJ, -hy we it? [l',1 Unlеss we livеd to bе 200 years old, wе won,t livе to-see humans living on other planеts' [2"d & 1"] I[-humans had not Ьeеn Ьoгn with a spiгit o[ advеnturе, wе would not hаvе pгogгеisеd as quiсkly as wе did [3.d] ting, page \l Listening, page 92 Sесtion ||^ |2B 13с 14B 15с 16G 17A 18Е 19D 20 Voсabulary 1, pаge 93 vеry intеrеstеd in learning not thе samе not old bеing from anothеr planet newandorieinal unfamiliar not usеd yet out of thе ordinarw 91 2[D] 3[D] 4tAl stDl 6tDl TtDl Reading, pages 94-96 lNO YЕS NoT GIVЕN Сhur Albula tunnе] mountain pеaks most ingеnious imрassaЬlе еnginеегs rеmЬеr that thеrе is morе than onе waY to answer a stion, so not ц,oгn' if vouгs is diffеrёnt from thе эonsе bе]ow It is onl1.one ехamplе of a good rеSponsе; :е arе otnеrs I answer nсe ond teсhno|ogy hсve improved our lives grеatlу' ever, olthough these inventions lvtro hove lllцug '.'-.J mode Uul our '|uYg еosiеr, wе seеm to Ьe no hoppier thon Ьeforе rn , thеrе is muсh in the medio to suggest thot we ore appiеr, though retuгning to the woy things weгe is not, ty oPinion, the onsweг to the probIem pеop|e wou|d ogrее thot Iiving in o сonsumeг soсiety, rеwе arе сonstontly ЬomЬoгded by odvertising, зo||y mokеs PеoP|е сonstontly Wont more thon they hove 10 11 |2 13 рie might intеrprеr os.hoppier, tes us ony hoppiег2 :onс|usion, for os Iong os we |ook foг сontentment in erio| things, we wi|l nеvеr bе hoppy Мoybе whqt is ded is for this mеssoge to be sprеod vio the odveгtising t o|so tells us whot to buy lowеvеr, whichеvеr woУ wе k ot it the foсt remсins thot thегe is no еqsv onswer rouId theref orеhavе to disogreе сOmPlеte|y with the thot, os o solution being pooг ond |еss odvonсеd would "k Returning to the post is on ovеrsimp|if iссtion of thе blem sрiral stairсasе 7381 rr'atеrshеd linguistiс Ьoundary of Ihе'pеrfесt, fomily, foсe ond body ore o|| oгound :nd rеmind Us thot wеarе not os perfeсt os thеу сre , wе arе |еd to bе|iеvе, if on|y by suggestion, thot ing thе |otest item will moke Us moгe |ikе thе pеop|е in se Piсtures rt сouId Ьеarguеd thot hoving Iess сhoiсe we did in the post, mode our |ives simp|er, whiсh some the other hond, moybe wе ore сonfusing two sepoгotе ouг onсеstors olso woгried, Ьut сbout diffегеnt cgs,|ikеwhеthеr theге wos enough food to еot, гotheг whiсh shoes to buy fгom the hundreds in thе shops ;* this is not the only problem with the suqqestion in the stion.SupPosingwе сould go boсk in timе, ot whiсh point ;ld be the гight point to stopZ Еvеryonеwould hоve o :iеrеnt onswеr, so Who would bе ri9ht2 Мoге imрortontly, r-nif wе сould it,whеrе is thе pгoof thot it would nеw things onе oГ lifеЪ grеat pleasures; ideal way to travеl; ar.oiding airpor1 hassles; adds an еxtra dimеnsion tо thе holidaу; easy сonnесtion; spеeding along; rеlaхing to rr'atсh thе сountrysidе zip Ьy spесtaсular сathеdral, plenty of good hotеl and геstaurants; ideal for an overnisht stav ri.ide; winding; ladеn Ьargеs trai,еl low; сhoppy grееn Watеr nеat houses hiils/slopes trеe-сoverеd, tall сliffs, vinevaгdtеrтaсеd slopеs; jaggеd roсks; & mounl.iins forbidding Ьarе roсk faсe; сuгtain watегfalls; glimpse of turquoise watег far Ьеlow; impassablе landsсape; stеep mountain slopеs; tumbling roсks; glaсiers; mountain peaks neеdlе spires; Ьaгoquе; sturdу towеis rеd-гooГed towns; farmi ng villagеs orсhards; tall pines; dark forеst Меditеrтanеan сlimate; palm trеes; flowеring oteanoеrs Word building, page 97 I l0 mеmory mеmoiгs memorizе mеmorials mеmorabiiia mеmos mеmoгaЬlе remеmЬer memento(е)s mеmoгiеs 141 f Answer Key ADJЕсTIvЕ VЕRB remеmЬеr mеmorablе mеmorizе NOUN mеmoirs mеmorials memos mеmеnto(е)s mеmory mеmorabilia IDЕAS Ьii сi div e iii - indefinitе aгtiсlе: i definitе artiсlе: iii - zеro aгtiсlе: ii dеfinitе zеro-0 with inсгeasingfrеquеnсу.Howevеr, while it is undisputob thot the bеnеfits ore monifo|d, it must o|so be rесognisеd Can you buy_bandagеs whеn уou,rе out, plеasе?, Rulе I Ьought a nеw Ьiсусle at thе wееkend.' Rulе э Would уou like to havе a look at thеЪIkе?'Rulе: I,m thinking about going t.o thеUпited АraЬ Еmiratеs.,Rulе: 7 Сould I boггow a сompass, plеasе.,Ruie: Gap thе 1960s whеn-young Yеars,originatеd in thе UK in hippie trail,in India But to thе infamous anthe idea tr.uly took off in thе 1990s Briis headеd off Gap Yеars, arе a сommon eхpеriеnсе in a thе United Еuroре' In thе Unitеd Statеs, howЪvец not many peoplе arе familiar with thе idea A gap yеar is a thе tirrre takеn off Ьеtweеn two stages of iifеьу tье studеnts Ьеtrvееn high sсhool and сollеgе"'"itty to travеl, voluntееr and ехplorе a thе worlrd, But Gap Yеars сan also Ье takеn by tlте adults bеfore moving onto thе a nеri'profession, a new marriagе or simplу as o a сarееr Ьrеak Gap Years arе meant to not just new plaсеs and сultuгes' Ьut also to lеarn thе nеw "'.ploi" skills and disсol-еr nе.'r,things about yoursеlf Kingdom, and aсross thе Writing, page 99 Task I No At lеast four: onе for thе introduсtion; two for the diffеrent r'lеrr.s; on for the сonсlusion It is Ьеttеr to staft off with thе opinion thatЪ thе oppositе to what vou Ьеliеvе This is Ьесause you,rе likеly to rr'ritе a morе сonvinсing Ьrgumеnt for уour rеal opinion, and like a good book, an еssay should gеt Ьеttеr IDЕAS a Going on holiday is good for onеЪ hеalth and evеryonе should it at least onсе a уеar Х 142 а thot there oгe dongeгs too фu'' '," thе Ьluе guidеЬook, plеasе.'Rulе SUPPORTING ARGUMЕNTS Therе arе mony odvontoges to tгove||ing oЬгood whiсh is Why moгe young people сhoosе to poгtiсipote in gops yeoгs is с maр ln m1.Ьag Can уou pass it to mе, olеasе?,Rulе: + Modеl answer thе dеfinitе thе indеfinitе 'an indеfinitе - aJan dеfinitе thе Thеrе I - peoplе alone Language foсus, pagеs 98_99 If peoplе arе involvеd in anу trouble, thеу сan usual]r rеlу on help from thе group group ,lеd astray'by strangers as they sее с It is еasiеr to Ье lone visitors as an easу targеt group d Travеlling alonе mеans that you don't have to follow thе dесisions of thе group alone Travelling alone allows peoplе to meet morе loсal Мony porents moy enсouгagеthеir сhiIdren to tгovel os poгt of o gгoUP with the be|ief thot theгe is sofety in nUmbeгs A уoung Person trove||in9 olone сouId fс|l viсtim to mеeting PеoP|е who moy leod them ostгoy or еnсoЦrogе them to рortiсiPote in dongerous oг ilIego| oсtivities Тhis moy be |ess Iikеly to hoppen if thеy see thоt they сгe with friends ]n сddition, if somethin9 bod does hoppen Iike on oссidrnt oг гobbery f or ехamp|е, then the individuo| wil| hopefu|ly bе сb|e to re|y on the grouP foг moгol ond even finonсio| suppoгt whi|е they organize the neсessory гePloсements oг tгeotment lowеvеr,though thеrе orе advontoges to tгovelIin9 with others, the young Peгson moy olso hove o |ess intеnse ехpеriеncеof the сountry thot they ore tгove||ing in Тheу arе|еss Iike|y to miх with |oсo| peop|e as they wil| оppeor Iess oppгooсhobIe tгovelIing with othеrs 'Thеге is olso no neеdfor them to mix os they o|reody hove theiг friends' Tгove|ling os part of o gгoup a|so meons thot deсisions neеdIo be mode togеthеr This wi|| inevitob|y lеod to the individuo| going to ploсеs thеy not wish to sеe, or oгguin( obout it to osseгt theiг wishes, whiсh is not good foг group dynomiсs ond meon thеy hove o less p|eosuroЬ|e ехperiеnсе In сonс|usion, o|though it is noturol for poгents to woгry obout their сhildren, thеrе comеs o time when they neеd tс |eoгn to moke their own dесisions If they not stqrt to toke гesponsibiIity foг their oсtions os o young odult theу moy neveг |еarn,Lifе is fu|| of сhoiсes ond sometimes it is nесessarY to moke mistokes in order to |eoгn from them Sure|y o goP yeoг is the right time for this to hoppen? Тo sum up, whi|e the gгoup moy ot first oppeor rhеsofеr option, it does not neсessorily meon it is the best one for the individuol to hovе on enгiсhing |if е ехpеriеncе Answer Kеy l0с 11 D 12с 134 Voсabu|аry 1, page 100 1 сommu:l- э:: rеfinеrr transрс:: Listening, pagе 105 : Seсtion 3Ь 4e 2|Е 22F 2зB 24А 25D 26с 278 28^ )g Сl 10 Бilnеtthеroгdег 6a Language foсus, pagе 106 satеllitе е1есtгiс::.' ц,еb 1с )o 5I IN 8d I Word building, pagе 101 I oЬllg;.: :-, : :: : s :-' еssеntiallnесеssary сеt.l:lг3 likе.r l '.- -:.r];.]ij optlс,r ::- ., r.',:g регmissiЬlе/possiЬle unlik " unnе: s.: ехр.t.: ,.l,-, ::' nаЬlс mo:'3 :.:эsllоn biсr;iсs ,:.: ::.l.:,:.е mo] с It is ;:.-,э:Ьlе that moге pеoplе will migratе to сitiеs in It is un:з еssalт for peoplе to know how сomputer slеms ''l oгk,,.Knowing how сomputеr systеms ']nnеCеssary/Knowledgе about how сomputеr rr oгk :s s\.stеп-]s ir огk is unnесеssary, Ьut it hеlps whеn looking Гoг еп.lp.оrтnеnt in manу inirastгuсturе industries Aiгlinе- should introduсe morе fuеl-еffiсiеnt planеs in thе nеa: :utllге Rеading, рages 102_104 1A 'т.) 3С 4F 5Е YЕs NoТGПЕ\ NoТ GI\Е\ whilе monеy It mav Ье slow, Ьut it dеfinitеly is not boring Мuсh as I fееl spееd limits arе annoуing, thеу arе nесеssary as thеу savе livеs Though ihe invеntion of thе wheеl was usеful, it Was not thе most important invеntion еver Task I as t-hrns s\ muсh as Ьut though nеvеrthelеss Writing, pagеs 106_107 реtгol risеs, pеoplе arе likеly to usе it is likеlу that peoplе will usе Ьiсyсlеs : зs:ir-'n rs сепain/it is сеrtain therе will bе As thе : - sl while Studеnts' answеrs may Vary slightly Although it is ехpensivе, it is not a wastе of thе :еrl :.,' еnt}.r-еars./Мigration to сities is morе pгoЬa.эi= ir thе nехt twenty years \\ ith :iс :еrт tесhnologiеs availaЬle, it is possiblе tha: c: , еi.,еss tгains will Ьe introduсеd in major сitiеs/ dril е:.еss tгains arе now possiЬlе in major сities It is pоssiЬlе that taking a train will not bе as popular 5 It is il;.;:::]- :.l inr.еst in lеss polluting tесhnologiеs./ Inr еs::-= :.: еss pоlluting teсhnologies is neсessary Ln]е.s 1-:с :'J:nSpofi foг oldеr pеople is maintainеd, mor-i t Thе сorТесt ordеr is: с, d, a, Ь, g, i, е, f, h StudеntЪ own answеrs VoсabuIary I NB NumЬеrs l, page 108 and arе sr-nonlтns Ie 29 3a 4j 5a1c 6Ь 7d 8f 9h 10i I Ьoost fi nanсеs/mоnе.v/rr,еalth Ьoггow flnanееs/m o n е1 /tvеakh Ьuild finanеes/mоnеу/wеalth сontrol Гinanсеs/monеуiwеalth dеposit fi:tanееs/monеy/wеal+h devalue f;nanеes/monеy/wеalth havе fi*anеesi money/wealth hoard f,ваnеes/money/wealth inherit finanееs/mоnеy/wеalth 10 squandеr {inanеes/money/wеalth 9NO 14з Answеr Key Writing, pages 114-115 Listening, page 109 Task I Seсtiоn 31 32 33 34 35 prioritiеs resеarсher з6 37 38 39 40 higherеduсation studеntundегstanding lеarning outсomеs all itеms gap yеar baсkground rеsеarсh disсuss idеas Word building, Pages 110-111 I ideals standards еthiсs morals values bеliеfs prinсiplеs сustoms 1down idеalist i ethiсs сustoms values idеal Ьеliеf prinсiple morals standards Language foсus, page I 2 l11 eduсating thеm not еduсating them tеaсhing сhildrеn that сar borrowing moneу сalled Mary lookеd aftеr mу sistеrs rеad job fтeeeduсation finish еarliеr Reading, pages 112-113 IB 3A 4С 5F FALSЕ TRUЕ TRUЕ NoT GIVЕN 10 thеir lot 1 Ьеttег off 12 highlусontrovеrsial 13с 2D 144 s o i" popularitу was the^ nееd-for good family relationi just ovеr 60a/a ofpeop|е spесified this i'rЪ-"t iЪЪple'' job arе oЬviously also impoгtant foг theii happlnеss as joЬ satisfaсtio.n'and sесurity сonnесt monеy with happinеss notdoing so a most important for their happinеss striking fеature of thе сhaгts is that rеsponsеs rverе fairlу positivе, thе although the reйlts wеrе less so than in2o04' majority Thе first Ьar сhart shows that theyear Ьеforе, (nеarly 50o/о) fe|tthе same as the d19г in a'5Чa approximatе|у was thеre iьougй сonfiЪenсе In сompЪrison' only aЪoo!3'5ak of pеop]e fеlt Ьеttеr aЬout thе yеaг ahеad, (аn lppiЬ*i."t" 10o/a d'rop fгom thеуеaг Ьelore) whilе 2Оо/oweremor6 pеssimistiс, an inсrеmеnt of ',Ъ.rty 5О/o + i" iь" seсond Ьar сhart, Ьу far the most popular answеr givеn was hеa]th Аtout760/о ot rеspondЪnts said this was neсеssary for thеir happinеss rеspе.сtir'еir ;;;;;;;."" nd 4Оo/o and' 20o/o of thе vote15,/o of thе z LЪuJ p"pular, and Ьoth rесeiving aЬout aсtivitiеs, l.еisurе and possеssions matеrial weiе йt", In сonсlusion, it is сlеar that pеople not appear to the manY waYs finding The Ьar сharts show thе rеsponsеs to a worldwidе onlinе questionnaiгe on how oftimistiс peoplе fеlt in 2005 and what was z ii"most reliaЬlе t,