Luận văn thạc sĩ a study on english and vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities from cultural perspective

Vietnam National University College of foreign languages Department of Post- graduate studies -*** PHẠM THỊ MINH A study on English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities from cultural perspective (Tục ngữ tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt với ý nghĩa giáo dục phẩm chất đaọ đức - Nghiên cứu góc độ văn hố) Minor thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Hanoi, 2009 z Vietnam National University College of foreign languages Department of Post- graduate studies -*** PHẠM THỊ MINH A study on English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities from cultural perspective (Tục ngữ tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt với ý nghĩa giáo dục phẩm chất đaọ đức - Nghiên cứu góc độ văn hố) Minor thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 : Prof Dr Hoàng Văn Vân Supervisor Hanoi, 2009 z iv Table of contents Declaration ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Rationale Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study Development 1.1 Chapter one: Theoretical Background Proverbs 1.1.1 Definitions 1.1.2 Proverbs about educating moral qualities 1.1.3 Some features of proverbs 1.1.4 Classification of proverbs 1.1.5 Proverbs and Idioms 1.2 10 Some characteristics of English/ Vietnamese people and culture 1.2.1 The relationship between language and culture 10 1.2.2 Characteristics of English people and culture 11 1.2.3 Characteristics of Vietnamese people and culture 13 z v 1.3 14 Summary Chapter Two: Comparison of syntactic and 15 semantic features between English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities 2.1 15 Syntactic features 2.1.1 Similarities 15 2.1.2 Differences 17 2.2 18 Semantic features 2.2.1 Similarities 18 2.2.2 Differences 20 2.3 Summary 22 Chapter three: Comparison of cultural 23 features between English and Vietnamese proverbs about Educating Moral Qualities 3.1 Universal moral qualities 23 3.2 Moral qualities in the family 27 3.2.1 Women’s moral qualities 27 3.2.2 Moral qualities in love 28 3.2.3 Moral qualities in the husband-wife relationship 29 3.2.4 The duty of the children towards their parents 30 3.3 31 In the society 3.3.1 Moral qualities in friendship and neighborhood 31 3.3.2 The attitudes towards the elderly people and the teachers 32 3.3.3 The attitude towards Law 33 3.3.4 The attitude towards money 34 3.3.5 About Honor 35 3.4 36 Summary z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 vi Conclusion 37 Recapitulation 37 Implications 37 2.1 For EFL Teaching and Learning 37 2.2 For Translation 39 Suggestions for Further Studies 41 APPENDIX REFERENCES z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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behaviour standards, religious beliefs, etc Therefore, it would be difficult for foreign language learners to communicate successfully with native speakers if they have poor understanding of the language itself and the language in relation with culture Among many favorite languages such as French, Chinese etc, English has still played its decisive role in international communication and has been learned by a large number of people in the world All foreign learners of English desire to master English as the native speakers but they usually face many difficulties that prevent them from gaining successful conversations One of the reasons for these problems lies in the way people perceive and use proverbs For many years, English proverbs have often been neglected in learning and teaching because it is a difficult area of English, but nobody can deny that proverbs are really important in communication, “a proverbs in the hand is often worth a thousand words” (Horace Reynolds, 1959) Firstly, proverbs as traditional wisdom are never absent from our daily speech They are a main part of each nation’s culture, which reflects all aspects of the life People epitomize their way of thinking and their ideas through proverbs We can use them to solve our daily conflicts or support our arguments Proverbs are the mirrors that reflect human culture As Dr Malik Elzaki (2002) states: “If we want to understand the culture in a given society, we have to study its proverbs as any nation has its own characteristics that reflect their lives and environmental surroundings” Hence, it can be said that z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 proverbs can help learners know more about social and cultural characteristics of that language Secondly, proverbs are used to express ideas in figurative way It brings the vividness and richness for the speaker’s speech Anyone who much concerns proverbs owns a very attractive manner of speaking Especially, they can provide users with a whole new way of expressing concepts linguistically Without them, it can be stated that English might lose its color and vitality Studying English proverbs in comparison with Vietnamese ones, we can find the similarities and differences in two languages and cultures, which therefore, help learners of English to understand and have a better use of English proverbs and Vietnamese ones This can also help learners to have better communication in the cross-cultural communication Professor Denis Brutus (Pittsburgh University, America, 1995) stated the practical effect of learning proverbs: “Through proverbs I know your points of view, the attitudes of your ancestors Each time I know a new Vietnamese proverb, I become Vietnamese a little I believe when we know all proverbs of each other, we are brothers” Being interested in proverbs for a long time, I choose proverbs as my thesis topic as both English and Vietnamese are especially rich in proverbs Many of them are corresponding in meaning or close enough to make comparison interesting and rewarding However, due to the limited time and knowledge, I just focus on a small part of the huge proverbial treasure “A study on English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities from cultural perspective” Hopefully, the study may be an interesting and helpful material for learners, teachers of English and for people who are interested in cultural pattern in communication and cross-cultural communication Aims of the study The study aims to:  Investigate the general syntactic, semantic and especially cultural features of English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities  Explore the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 proverbs about educating moral qualities from the cultural perspective  Provide some suggestions for the teaching/learning and translation of the English proverbs about educating moral qualities in particular Scope of the study Proverbs about educating moral qualities are a large part in both English and Vietnamese proverbs, so it is impossible for the author to carry out an exhaustive study on them; just from the cultural perspective In this study, syntactic and semantic features of English proverbs about educating moral qualities are discussed briefly; cultural features are extensively analyzed and discussed when English proverbs are compared with Vietnamese ones All English and Vietnamese proverbs are collected from dictionaries and books, so this research may not cover all proverbs about educating moral qualities; just those of common use Methods of the study The study uses the two methods: quantitative and qualitative By virtue of the quantitative method, the study has collected data for the study, including both English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities The qualitative method is employed to describe and analyze the data of the study The steps of the study are in the order as follows:  Collect English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities from several dictionaries and books (e.g., English proverbs and sayings, The Oxford Dictionary of concise Proverbs; Từ điển Thành ngữ tục ngữ Việt Nam by Nguyễn Lân, Từ điển Tục ngữ Việt-Anh, Anh-Việt thông dụng by Vũ Thế Ngọc, Tục ngữ so sánh (838 Tục Ngữ Việt-3000 Tục ngữ Anh-Pháp- Espanto) by Phạm Văn Vĩnh, Tục ngữ Ca dao Dân ca Việt Nam by Vũ Ngọc Phan… and then sort them out  Investigate and analyze the syntactic, semantic and cultural features of English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities  Compare and find the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese about educating moral qualities z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Design of the study The study consists of three parts The first part “INTRODUCTION” outlines the background of the study In this part, a brief account of relevant information is provided about the rationale, aims, scopes, method, and design of the study The main part of the study comprises three chapters Chapter one, as implied by the title: “Theoretical Background”, covers a series of proverb-related concepts ranging from definitions of proverbs, features of proverbs, types of proverbs, proverbs in comparison with idioms Chapters two and three make up the more specifically focused part of the study Chapter two is concerned with a “Comparison of syntactic and semantic features of English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities” whereas chapter three deals with a “Comparison of cultural features of English and Vietnamese proverbs about educating moral qualities” The final part is the “CONCLUSION”, which provides the recapitulation, implications for the EFL teaching and learning and for the translation, and suggestions for further studies The study ends with the “REFERENCES” z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Development Chapter one: Theoretical Background 1.1 Proverbs 1.1.1 Definitions of Proverbs As there is a general agreement that proverbs are widely known in all human languages, it is very necessary to define what proverbs are Such English expressions as “Many men, many minds”, “Experience is the mother of wisdom”, “Poverty is no sin”, etc are usually described as proverbs, so “What is a proverb?” According to The New Oxford Dictionary (1996), a proverb is “a short, pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or a piece of advice” This definition is developed in the Oxford English Dictionary (2001, on-line) which defines a proverb as “a short, pithy saying in common and recognized use; a concise sentence, often metaphorical or alliterative in form, which is held to express some truth ascertained by experience or observation and familiar to all” Some proverbs in themselves are people’s definitions of a proverbs, like “proverbs are the wisdom of the street”, “proverbs are the children of experience”, “All the good sense of the world runs into proverbs” Wolfgang Mieder defines a proverb as “a concise statement of an apparent truth which has currency among the people” Mieder performed an interesting survey, asking 55 non-academics to write their definitions of a proverb He found that from to 20 times in the collected definitions, a proverb is “a phrase, saying, truth, morals, experience, lessons, and advice concerning life and which has been handed from generation to generation (Proverbs are never out of season, 1993) Vu Ngoc Phan (2000:39) considered proverbs as “a complete saying in which it expresses one idea of comment, experience, morality, justice or criticism” Many other scholars continue to find their own definitions of proverbs, but it is difficult to give one exact definition Archer Taylor (1931) defined a proverb in more than 200 pages, and he concluded that it was impossible to give a meaningful definition of it Taylor noted that “…an incommunicable quality tells us this sentence is proverbial and that one is not” (1931:3) z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 42 References In English Baker, M (1992) In other words: A course book on translation London, Routledge Duff, A (1989) Translation Oxford Oxford University Press Fergusson, R (1983)- Dictionary of proverbs Penguin Books, London Gorjian, B&Molonia, S (1999) The concise dictionary of proverbs Tehran, Moatabar Hatim, B., &Mason, I (1990) Discourse and the translator London:Longman Johnson, A- Common English Proverbs Longmans, London, 1960 Kramsch, C (1998) Language and Culture Oxford University Press Mieder, W.(2004) Proverbs are out of season Oxford University Press, London Mieder, W (1990) The Prentice Hall Encyclopedia of world Proverbs PrenticeHall Press, London 10 Mollanazar, H (2001) Principles and methodology of translation Tehran: SAMT 11 O’Driscoll, J (2000) Britain Oxford University Press 12 Ridout, R (1994) Cliford Writing- English Proverbs Explained Ban Books, London 13 Simpon, J.(1999) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs Oxford University Press, Oxford 14 Vu, The Ngoc(2006)- A Dictionary of Vietnamese-English, English-Vietnamese Proverbs, Eastview, International Books, Inc In Vietnamese Chu Xuân Diên, Lương Văn Đang, Phương tri (1975) Tục ngữ Việt Nam NXB Khoa học xã hội Hồng Đình Tứ (1990) 100 Tục ngữ Tiếng Anh thông dụng NXB TP HCM z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 43 Hoàng Văn Hành (1990) Kể chuyện Thành Ngữ Tục Ngữ NXB Khoa học xã hội Nguyễn Công Hoan (1989) Bước đường NXB Văn học Nguyễn Lân (2002) Từ điển Thành Ngữ- Tục Ngữ Việt Nam NXB Văn Học Nguyễn Thái Hoà (1999) Tục Ngữ Việt Nam- Cấu trúc thi pháp NXB KHXH Nguyễn Thu Hương, (2005) Một vài nét tính cách người Việt xưa thể qua Ca dao, Tục ngữ, Tạp chí tâm lý học, số (73), 4-2005 Nguyễn Văn Mười.(1996) Ngôn ngữ với việc phản ánh yếu tố văn hoá nhân sinh quan (thông qua tục ngữ Việt-Anh) Luận án Tiến sĩ ĐHKH-XHNV ĐHQG Hà Nội Nguyễn Xuân Kính (1995) Tục ngữ Việt Nam NXB Văn Hoá, Hà Nội 10 Trần Mạnh Thường (1996) Tục ngữ ca dao Việt Nam NXB Văn hóa dân tộc 11 Trần Ngọc Thêm(2008) Cơ Sở Văn Hoá Việt Nam NXB Giáo dục 12 Trần Thuý Anh (2000) Thế ứng xử xã hội cổ truyền (của người Việt Châu thổ Bắc Bộ qua số ca dao - tục ngữ) NXB ĐHQGHN 13 Vũ Ngọc Phan (2002) T ục Ng ữ Ca Dao Dân Ca Việt Nam NXB Văn học 14 Vũ Trọng Phụng (2000) Kỹ Nghệ lấy tây NXB Văn Học Websites: http://www.learn-english-today.com/proverbs.html http://www.tldm.org/bible/Old%20Testament/proverbs.htm http://english-learners.com/tag/most-common-english-proverbs-sayings z 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hear, slow to speak 14 Beauty is only skin-deep 15 The best horse needs breaking, and the aptest child needs teaching 16 Better a glorious death than a shameful life 17 Better a good cow than a cow of good kind 18 Better alone than with the ill company 19 Better death than dishonor 20 Better earl than late 21 Better go to heaven in rages than to hell in embroidery 22 Better is a neighbor that is near rather than a brother that is afar 23 Better safe than sorry 24 Better the foot slip than the tongue trip 25 Better to well than to say well 26 The bigger they are, the harder they fall 27 Birds are entangled by their feet, and men by their tongues 28 To bite the hand that feeds you 29 The bite bit 30 Blood is thicker than water 31 Blood, toil, tears, and sweat 32 Brevity is the soul of wit 33 A bully is always a coward 34 To buy the hatch 35 By doing nothing we will learn to ill 36 Calamity is man’s true touchstone 37 Call a spade a spade 38 Call the bear uncle till you are safe across the bridge 39 Charity begins at home 40 The chickens have come home to roost 41 A clean conscience laughs at false accusation z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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them unto you 56 Dog does not eat dog 57 Don’t bite off more than you can chew 58 Don’t bite the hand that feeds you 59 Don’t burn the candle at both ends 60 Don’t burn your bridge behind you 61 Don’t cut down the tree that gives you shade 62 Don’t hit a man when he’s down 63 Don’t let the glass grow under your feet 64 Don’t put off for tomorrow what you can today 65 Don’t step (tread) on other people’s toes 66 Don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs 67 Dot your i’s and cross your t’s 68 The early bird catches the worm 69 Enough is as good as feast 70 Even reckoning makes long friends 71 Every dog has his day 72 Every man is the son of his work 73 Every sin brings its punishment with it 74 Every tub should stand on its own bottom 75 Everyone must bear his own cross 76 Everything comes to him, who waits 77 Example is better than precept 78 Failure is the mother of success 79 Fair and softly goes far 80 Fine words butter no parsnips 81 Fine words dress ill deeds 82 The finger that touches rouge will be red 83 First come, first served 84 First think, then speak 85 Fish begin to stink at the head 86 Follow the river and you’ll get to the sea 87 A fool’s tongue is long enough to cut his throat z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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good bone 100 A good example is the best sermon 101 Good fences make good neighbors 102 A good lather is half the shave 103 A good name is a rich heritage 104 Good name is better than precious ointment 105 Good reputation is more valuable than money 106 A good wife makes a good husband 107 Goodness is better than beauty 108 The grass is always greener on the other side of the hill 109 Great fish eat up the small 110 Greedy folks have long arms 111 Harm set, harm get 112 Haste makes waste 113 Hasty climbers have sudden falls 114 He cannot beat the ass beats the saddle 115 He that committed a fault thinks that everyone speaks of it 116 He that maries for wealth sells his liberty 117 He that will thrive must rise at five 118 He who does not work, neither should he eat 119 He who hesitates is lost 120 He who laughs last laughs best 121 He who lives by the sword dies by the sword 122 To help a lame dog over a stile 123 Honesty is the best policy 124 A honeyed tongue, a heart of gall 125 I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the dealth your right to say it 126 I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat 127 I would rather die on my feet than live on my knees 128 Idle hands are the devil’s tools 129 Idleness is the key to beggary 130 Ill-gotten gains seldom prosper 131 Ill gotten, ill spent 132 In unity there is strength z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 47 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 It is better to be on the safe side It is better to sit with a wise in prison than with a fool in paradise It is never too old to learn It’s not the gift that counts, but the thought behind it Judge not according to appearances Judge not of men and things as first sight Keep a stiff upper lip Keep your chin up Keep your eyes open before marriage, half shut afterwards Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open To kick down the ladder To know on which side one’s bread is buttered You must loyal to whoever feeds you 145 Least said, soonest mended 146 Let him stew in his own juice 147 A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth 148 Live and learn 149 Live and let live 150 Live within your means and save for the rainy days 151 A long tongue is a sign of a short hand 152 Look before you leap 153 Love make the world go round 154 Love of money is the root of all evil 155 Love your neighbor as yourself 156 Manners make the man 157 A man’s word is as good as his bond 158 Many hands make light work 159 Money can’t buy happiness 160 A mother can take care of ten children, but sometimes ten children can’t take care of one mother 161 Never too late to learn 162 No bees no honey; no work no money 163 No one is without his faults 164 No pain, no gain 165 No sweet without sweat 166 Nobody is perfect 167 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind 168 Nothing seek, nothing find 169 One day at a time 170 One good turn deserves another 171 Outspoken is the best policy 172 To paddle one’s own canoe 173 Patience is a virtue 174 The pitcher goes often to the well that it is broken at last 175 Poverty is no sin 176 Praise the bridge that carries you over z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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long friends Silence is golden Sloth is the mother of poverty Slow and steady wins the race Small gifts make friendship; great ones make enemies Soft fire makes sweet malt Sow the wind and reap the whirlwind Sweep before your own door There is no learning there is no art Think before you speak Those who know don’t speak; those speak don’t know Virtue is the beauty of the mind Waste not, want not We can live without our friends but not without our neighbors What we willingly is easy When in Rome, as the Romans When the blood sheds, the heart aches Where there is a will there is a way Whose bread I eat, his song I sing With time and patience the leaf of mulberry-tree becomes satin You are never too old to learn You must cut your coat according to your cloth You reap what you sow Zeal is fit for wise men, but is found mostly in fools z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 49 Appendix Vietnamese Proverbs about educating moral qualities Ác giả ác báo Ai bảo trời khơng có mắt Ai biết chờ người Ai giàu ba họ, khó ba đời Ai hỏi nói, gọi thưa Ai làm chịu Ai vội cười nhau, cười người hôm trước hôm sau người cười Ai cho lành, kiếp chẳng gặp để dành kiếp sau Anh em chém đằng sống, không chém đằng lưỡi 10 Anh em hạt máu sẻ đôi 11 Anh em ruột già, vợ chồng áo cởi khó 12 Anh em thể tay chân 13 Anh em thuận hồ nhà có phúc 14 Ăn bớt bát nói bớt lời 15 Ăn cháo đá bát 16 Ăn cho đồng, chia cho 17 Ăn có mời, làm có khiến 18 Ăn có nhai, nói có nghĩ 19 Ăn đến nơi, làm đến chốn 20 Ăn không ngồi rồi, đồi hết 21 Ăn hết miếng ngon, nói hết lời khơng hố rồ 22 Ăn mặn khát nước 23 Ăn mặn nói cịn ăn chay nói dối 24 Ăn phải nhai, nói phải nghĩ 25 Ăn nhớ kẻ trồng 26 Ăn nhớ kẻ trồng cây, ăn gạo nhớ kẻ đâm xay giần sang 27 Ăn nhớ kẻ trồng cây, ăn khoai nhớ kẻ cho dây mà trồng 28 Ăn theo thuở, theo 29 Ăn trông nồi, ngồi trông hướng 30 Bà tổ tiên, khơng tiền gạo 31 Bán anh em xa mua láng giềng gần 32 Bầu thương lấy bí cùng, khác giống nhg chung giàn 33 Bảy mươi học bảy mốt 34 Bắt người bỏ giỗ, không bắt người cỗ bé 35 Bần phú trọc 36 Biết nhận lỗi sửa lỗi 37 Biết nhiều nói 38 Bé chẳng vin, gẫy cành 39 Bên cha kính, bên mẹ vái z 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nhà hàng xóm bình chân vại 56 Chạy đâu cho khỏi nắng trời 57 Chạy trời khỏi nắng 58 Chết đứng sống quỳ 59 Chết thằng gian, chết thằng 60 Chết vinh/trong sống đục 61 Chị ngã em nâng 62 Chị em kính nhường, nhà có phúc đường n vui 63 Chim khơn nói tiếng rảnh rang, người khơng ăn nói dịu dàng dễ nghe 64 Chim có tổ, người có tơng 65 Chim nhớ cây, tớ quên thầy 66 Chín bỏ làm mười 67 Chớ thấy sóng mà ngã tay chèo 68 Chợ/ đất có lề, quê có thói 69 Chú cha, dì mẹ 70 Chưa đỗ ơng nghè đe hàng tổng 71 Chưa khỏi bệnh qn thầy 72 Có chí làm quan, có gan làm giàu 73 Có cấy có trơng, có trồng có ăn 74 Có cơng mài sắt có ngày nên kim 75 Có có lại toại lịng 76 Có gan ăn cướp có gan chịu địn 77 Có học phải có hạnh 78 Có khó có miếng ăn 79 Có làm có ăn 80 Có ni biết lịng cha mẹ 81 Con người có tổ có tơng, có cội sơng có nguồn 82 Con nhà có cố có ơng, nh có cội sơng có nguồn 83 Con sâu làm rầu nồi canh 84 Con vua yêu thằng bán than, đem lên ngàn phải theo 85 Cõng rắn cắn gà nhà z 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cho người 99 Dục tốc bất đạt 100 Dứt dây nỡ dứt chồi 101 Đa ngôn đa 102 Đàn ông năm bảy gan, vợ toan người 103 Đánh kẻ chạy đi, không đánh người chạy lại 104 Đắng cay thể ruột rà, ngào cho người dưng 105 Đẹp nết đẹp người 106 Đến chậm gặm xương 107 Đi đêm có ngày gặp ma 108 Đi với bụt mặc áo cà sa, với ma mặc áo giấy 109 Điều lành nhớ, điều dở qn 110 Đồn kết sức mạnh 111 Đoàn kết sống, chia rẽ chết 112 Đói cho sạch, rách cho thơm 113 Đổi bát mồ hôi lấy bát cơm 114 Đông tay hay làm 115 Đốn nỡ dứt chồi, đạo chồng nghĩa vợ giận lại thương 116 Đừng thả mồi bắt bóng 117 Đời cha ăn mặn đời khát nước 118 Đời cha vo tròn, đời bóp bẹp 119 Đừng nên trọng trọng người 120 Được chim bẻ ná, cá quên nơm 121 Được kiện mười bốn quan năm, thua kiện mười năm quan chẵn 122 Được voi đòi tiên 123 Đường mòn, ân nghĩa khơng mịn 124 Ép dầu ép mỡ; nỡ ép duyên 125 Ếch chết miệng 126 Ếch ngồi đáy giếng coi trời vung 127 Gà mẹ hồi đá 128 Gái chun chồng 129 Gần mực đen, gần đèn rạng 130 Ghe bầu chở lái đông, làm thân gái thờ chồng nu ôi 131 Giặc đến nhà, đàn bà phải đánh z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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chẳng gà tỏi 148 Khen nết hay làm, khen nết hay ăn 149 Khéo ăn no, khéo co ấm 150 Khó giúp thảo, giàu trừ nợ không ơn 151 Khôn ngoan chẳng lọ thật thà, lường lưng tráo đấu chẳng qua đong đầy 152 Không giàu ba họ, khơng khó ba đời 153 Khơng đánh người ngã ngựa 154 Khơng làm đừng ăn 155 Không thầy đố mày làm nên 156 Kiên nhẫn mẹ thành công 157 Kiến lợi vong nghĩa ( Thấy lợi quên nghĩa) 158 Kiến nghĩa bất vi vô dũng giả ( Thấy việc nghĩa mà không làm người dũng cảm) 159 Kiến tha lâu đầy tổ 160 Kim vàng nỡ uốn câu, người khôn nỡ nói nặng lời 161 Kính lão đắc thọ 162 Kính nhường 163 Lá lành đùm rách 164 Lá rụng cội 165 Làm đĩ chín phương để phương lấy chồng 166 Làm lành, để dành đau 167 Làm phúc không cần phúc 168 Làng có lệ làng, nước theo luật nước 169 L ành với bụt, chẳng lành với ma 170 Lấy đức báo oán 171 Liệu cơm gắp mắm 172 Lịng tham khơng đáy 173 Lời chào cao mâm cỗ 174 Lời nói đọi máu 175 Lời nói gói vàng 176 Lời nói chẳng tiền mua, lựa lời mà nói cho vừa lịng z 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 53 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 Lửa thử vàng, gian nan thử đức Lưới trời khó Lưới trời lồng lộng thưa khó lọt Máu chảy ruột mềm Máu lỗng cịn nước lã, chín đời họ mẹ người dưng Mất lòng trước lòng sau Mấy đời bánh đúc có xương, đời dì ghẻ có thương chồng Mẹ gà vịt chít chiu, đời dì ghẻ nâng niu chồng Miếng làng sàng xó bếp Miếng đói gói no Miếng ngon nhớ lâu, lời đau nhớ đời Miếng thịt làng, sàng thịt mua Miệng quan, trôn trẻ Môi hở lạnh M ột chữ nên thầy, ngày nên nghĩa Một ngựa đau tàu bỏ cỏ Một đời làm hại, bại hoại ba đời Một đời kiện chín đời thù Một giọt máu đào ao nước lã Một lễ sống đống lễ chết Một lời nói dối sám hối bảy ngày Một lời nói ăn chay tháng Một người làm quan họ nhờ, người làm bậy họ nhờ Một nhịn chín lành Muốn ăn cá phải thả câu Muốn ăn phải lăn vào bếp Muốn nói oan làm quan mà nói Muốn sang bắc cầu kiều, muốn hay chữ yêu lấy thầy Mượn dao giết người Mượn gió bẻ măng Mưu thâm hoạ diệc thâm Năm quan mua người, mười quan mua nết Năng nhặt chặt bị Năng nói vấp Năng nói lỗi Ngậm máu phun người miệng trước Ngọc bất trác bất thành khí, nhân bất học bất tri lý Ngôn thiểu tri đa (Biết nhiều nói ít) Nhanh tay mau miệng Ngựa non háu đá Người khôn ngậm miệng, người mạnh khoanh tay Người lười đất không lười Người mà không học khác đêm Người ngu khơng biết xã giao, người lịch thiệp chê Nhà có láng giềng nhà, đồng có láng giềng đồng Nhà khó cậy vợ hiền, nước loạn nhờ tướng giỏi z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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237 N ói lời phải giữ lấy lời, đừng bướm đậu lại bay 238 Nói lọt đến xương 239 Nói rồng leo, làm mèo mửa 240 Nói phải củ cải nghe 241 Nói dễ, làm khó 242 Nối giáo cho giặc 243 Oan oan tương báo 244 Oán trả oán, ơn trả ơn 245 Ở chọn nơi, chơi chọn bạn 246 Ở có nhân mười phần chẳng khốn 247 Ở hiền gặp lành 248 Ở đâu âu 249 Ở hiền lại gặp lành, người nhân đức trời dành phúc cho 250 Ở hiền lại gặp lành, ác gặp an tành tro 251 Ở hiền lại gặp lành, ác tội dành vào thân 252 Ở tinh gặp ma; quỷ quái, gian tà gặp 253 Ơn chút quên 254 Pháp bất vị thân 255 Phận lo 256 Phú quý bất dâm bần tiện bất di (Giàu sang không sa đoạ, nghèo hèn khơng đổi chí) 257 Phúc đức mẫu 258 Qua sơng phải luỵ đị 259 Quan bất cần, dân bất nhiễu 260 Quan có cần dân chưa vội, quan có vội quan lội quan sang 261 Quan thấy kiện kiến thấy mỡ 262 Quan tham lại nhũng 263 Quân tử ngôn 264 Quả/ Lá rụng cội 265 Rủ làm phúc, không giục kiện 266 Rước voi giày mả tổ z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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long, không sợ hẹp nhà 282 Tam ngu thành thánh hiền 283 Tam nhân đồng hành, tất hữu ngã sư (Trong ba người chung, có người làm thầy ta) 284 Tay đứt ruột xót 285 Tay làm hàm nhai, tay quai miệng trễ 286 Thái bất cập 287 Tham ăn giữ nết, chết chẳng thương 288 Tham thâm 289 Thất bại mẹ thành công 290 Thật cha quỷ quái 291 Thấy sang bắt quàng làm họ 292 Thấy việc đĩ thấy cha, thấy ăn lởn vởn gà thấy ngô 293 Thiên võng khôi khôi (Lưới trời lồng lộng) 294 Thiện giả thiện báo (Người làm thiện gặp kết tốt) 295 Thuận vợ thuận chồng tát biển Đông cạn 296 Thông gia bà tiên, ăn khơng hiền bà chó 297 Thuyền theo lái, gái theo chồng 298 Thừa gió bẻ măng 299 Thừa nhà người 300 Thừa nước đục thả câu 301 Thương người thể thương thân 302 Tích thiện phùng thiện 303 Tiên học lễ, hậu học văn 304 Tiên trách kỷ, hậu trách nhân 305 Tốt danh lành áo 306 Tốt gỗ tốt nước sơn 307 Trách người một, trách ta mười 308 Trai năm thê bảy thiếp, gái chuyên chồng 309 Trâu buộc ghét trâu ăn 310 Trâu hay không ngại cày trưa 311 Treo đầu dê bán thịt chó z 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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