The difficulties and the benefits in learning phonetics and phonology to improve language skills graduation paper, major english translation and interpretation

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER THE DIFFICULTIES AND THE BENEFITS IN LEARNING PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY TO IMPROVE LANGUAGE SKILLS Advisor: MS ĐỖ THỊ LAN, M.A Student: NGUYỄN HUỲNH THU HỒNG Student’s number: 15DH710093 Class: BA1501 Major: English Translation and Interpretation Ho Chi Minh City, May 15th, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENT It is a great pleasure for me to undertake this graduation paper I owe a great debt of thanks to many people for their endless supports during the time when I carried out this research Firstly, I am of course grateful to my advisor – Mrs Do Thi Lan for providing me good materials and spending a lot of time proofreading my paper carefully She has given me the most valuable advice since the beginning of this research Without her guidance, this research could not be developed in the right direction Once again, I am deeply thankful to her I would like to thank the teachers from the Department of Foreign Languages: Ms Bui Thi Thanh Truc for giving precious advice in the orientation day of doing the research, to Mr Tran Thanh Tu for his support in the administrative tasks, to Mr Vuu Tien Vi for allowing me to conduct the survey in his classes My heartfelt appreciation is also extended to the students of six classes TA1504, TA1505, BA1503, TA1606, AT1701, TA1714 for their enthusiastic participation in my survey I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Mrs Tran Thanh Truc and Mr Dang Minh Huy for inspiring my enthusiasm in learning Phonetics and Phonology at HUFLIT It is their instructions that help me gain basic knowledge of the subjects and choose to develop this topic in my research paper Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for encouraging me throughout the process of writing this dissertation NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| ABSTRACT Studying English Phonetics and Phonology is always essential for people who learn English as a second language Learners seem to be aware of the importance, but unfortunately not all are willing to study this aspect effectively Moreover, they also lack application of Phonetics and Phonology knowledge in improving their pronunciation and fluency in daily communication The result is that many students still experience major problems when they communicate in English and not feel confident when pronouncing English words This research was carried out at Ho Chi Minh University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology to identify the difficulties of the participants and benefits of learning Phonetics and Phonology to improve language skills 170 students of the Department of Foreign Languages whose major is English were asked to participate in the survey The questionnaire aims at finding out the students’ attitude toward studying the subjects, the difficulties they often encounter during the courses and the benefits brought about by studying of Phonetics and Phonology The results of this research indicated that a large number of HUFLIT English major students found it difficult to study the two subjects and had trouble in pronouncing almost all the group of speech sounds, especially diphthongs, affricate and fricative consonants They agreed the study at school was full of theory and lacked adequate practices In addition, they have gained basic knowledge of the subjects, but few applications into daily communication make it harder for them to improve the quality of their speech Based on the findings of the research, it is suggested that students should pay more attention to practicing accurate pronunciation Moreover, more practical methods need to be applied to facilitate the study of the subjects Teachers should apply more activities in class to help students practice pronunciation Besides, certain tables and graphs as summaries of the key knowledge should also be introduced to make it easier for students to learn the theoretical knowledge NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| BẢNG TÓM TẮT Việc học Ngữ Âm học Âm vị học Tiếng Anh vô cần thiết học Tiếng Anh ngôn ngữ thứ hai Dù có nhận thức tầm quan trọng hai môn học này, người học sẵn sàng học chúng hiệu Hơn nữa, người học thiếu áp dụng kiến thức học Ngữ âm học Âm vị học vào giao tiếp ngày để cải thiện phát âm độ trơi chảy nói Kết nhiều sinh viên gặp phải vấn đề lớn giao tiếp không tự tin phát âm tiếng Anh Nghiên cứu thực Trường đại học Ngoại ngữ Tin học TPHCM với mục đích xác định khó khăn lợi ích việc học hai mơn học: Ngữ Âm học Âm vị học để cải thiện khả ngôn ngữ 170 sinh viên Khoa Ngoại Ngữ chuyên ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh tham gia khảo sát Bảng khảo sát nhằm xác định thái độ sinh viên việc học hai môn Ngữ Âm học Âm vị học, đồng thời, tìm khó khăn mà sinh viên thường gặp phải suốt trình học lợi ích đạt từ hai môn học Kết cho thấy đa số bạn sinh viên chuyên ngành Ngôn Ngữ Anh trường HUFLIT nhận thấy hai mơn học khó tiếp thu gặp nhiều khó khăn phát âm hầu hết nhóm âm tiếng Anh, đặc biệt nhóm nhị trùng âm, nhóm phụ âm xát phụ âm tắc xát Các bạn đồng ý việc học trường thiên lý thuyết thiếu hoạt động ứng dụng lớp Mặt khác, dù sinh viên có kiến thức hai môn học việc thiếu ứng dụng vào giao tiếp ngày khiến họ gặp khó khăn việc cải thiện chất lượng giao tiếp Dựa vào kết khảo sát, bạn sinh viên cần phải ý đến việc luyện tập phát âm chuẩn Ngoài ra, nhiều phương pháp nên ứng dụng để tạo điều kiện cho việc học hai môn học Ngữ Âm học Âm vị học trường dễ dàng Giáo viên nên áp dụng nhiều hoạt động để sinh viên có hội thực hành lớp Bên cạnh đó, nên cung cấp biểu đồ tóm tắt kiến thức cốt lõi môn học để giúp sinh viên dễ dàng tiếp thu kiến thức lý thuyết NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Identification 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Scope 1.5 Organization II LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 What are Phonetics and Phonology? 10 2.2 The importance of Phonetics and Phonology knowledge 10 2.3 Terminologies in Phonetics and Phonology 11 2.3.1 Phonemes 11 2.3.2 Syllables 12 2.4 Key aspects of Phonetics and Phonology learning 13 2.4.1 Phonetic transcription 13 2.4.2 Stress 14 2.4.3 Connected speech 15 III RESEARCH METHODOLODY 18 3.1 Research Approach 18 3.2 Description of the Subjects 18 3.3 Description of the Materials 18 3.4 Procedure 19 3.5 Statistical Treatment 19 NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| IV RESULTS/FINDINGS 20 4.1 Results of the multiple choice questions 20 4.1.1 The attitude toward studying Phonetics and Phonology (Appendix – Question 1) 20 4.1.2 The necessity of studying Phonetics and Phonology (Appendix – Question 2) 21 4.1.3 The frequency of applying Phonetics and Phonology knowledge to improve language skills (Appendix – Question 15) 22 4.1.4 Difficulties in learning Phonetics and Phonology (Appendix – Question 3, 4, 9) 22 4.1.5 Improvements of certain skills thanks to Phonology knowledge (Appendix – Question 6) 25 4.1.6 Common improvements after studying Phonetics and Phonology (Appendix – Question 8) 26 4.1.7 Aspects of Phonology applied in daily communication by native speakers (Appendix – Question 10) 27 4.1.8 Ability to recognize weak-forms in speech (Appendix – Question 11) 28 4.1.9 The level of understanding aspects of Phonology (Appendix – Question 13) 30 4.1.10 The importance of studying Phonetics and Phonology (Appendix – Question 18) 31 4.2 Results of the broad questions 32 V DISCUSSION 34 5.1 The difficulty in learning Phonetics and Phonology 34 5.2 The benefits of Phonetics and Phonology knowledge 35 VI CONCLUSION 37 NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 6.1 Limitations 37 6.2 Implications 37 6.3 Recommendations 38 REFERENCES 41 APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONS (ENGLISH VERSION) 43 APPENDIX B: SURVEY QUESTIONS (VIETNAMESE VERSION) 48 NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background It is undeniable that the goal of learning a new language is the ability to facilitate effective communication with native speakers When speaking a language, it is essential to make yourself understood Therefore, it is important to learn how to speak a language properly rather than just have a “good enough” attitude and to reduce the tendency to use the native language’s pronunciation to pronounce unfamiliar sounds in a new language Therefore, students in the Department of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology have been introduced to the courses Phonetics and Phonology as compulsory subjects The goal of studying the subjects is to help learners have a better understanding of the English speech sounds as well as the underlying principles regulating the use of sounds in spoken English As a matter of fact, students often found Phonetics and Phonology full of theory and lack of practical activities, so they tend to skip classes and not pay much attention to study these subjects to better their language skills A survey was carried out at HUFLIT from March 29th, 2019 to April 2nd, 2019 One hundred and seventy DFL students who had studied Phonetics and Phonology before were asked about the difficulties and benefits of learning Phonetics and Phonology Among the questions in the questionnaire, the participants were asked about the necessity of studying Phonetics and Phonology as well as the extent to which they applied the knowledge to daily communication 1.2 Problem Identification English is complicated in its spelling system When English learners who lack Phonetics knowledge encounter a new word and don’t know how to pronounce it, they have a tendency to replace the sounds by their own language pronunciation NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| Though DFL students had learnt of Phonetics and Phonology before, a large majority of them are still unable to read phonetics transcription in the dictionary and not feel confident when speaking English both in and out of class Moreover, a lack of understanding aspects of phonology leads to poor fluency and mispronunciation of many students 1.3 Objectives This research has the following aims: (1) to determine the difficulties EFL students often encounter when learning Phonetics and Phonology; (2) to point out the benefits of studying these subjects to improve learner’s language skills; and (3) to give some recommendations to facilitate the learning of these two subjects 1.4 Scope The focus of this paper is on the difficulties and the benefits in learning Phonetics and Phonology of DFL students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology (HUFLIT) 1.5 Organization This paper opens with an introduction about the learning of English Phonetics and Phonology among HUFLIT’s DFL students and the research questions The next chapter is devoted to the analysis of the previous research and the definition of technical terms related to English Phonetics and Phonology How the study was carried out will be demonstrated in the third chapter Chapter four will give a highlight on the research findings and analysis Answers to the research questions and interpretations of the results will be discussed in chapter five Finally, the last chapter gives a conclusion including limitations, implications and recommendations for effective learning of English Phonetics and Phonology NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW Since this study aims at investigating the difficulties and the benefits in learning Phonetics and Phonology to improve language skills of students, this chapter reviews studies of Phonetics and Phonology learning The definition and explanation of some special terms related to the topic will also be introduced briefly 2.1 What are Phonetics and Phonology? Phonetics and Phonology are one of the four core areas of linguistics dealing with pronunciation, or, more precisely, with speech sound and the sound system of a language (Skandera & Burleigh, 2005) A more detailed definition of Phonetics and Phonology given by Davenport and Hannahs (2005) stated: “Phonetics deals with speech sounds themselves, how they are made (articulatory phonetics, how they are perceived (auditory phonetics) and the physics involved (acoustic phonetics) Phonology deals with how these speech sounds are organized into systems for each individual language; for example: how the sounds can be combined, the relations between them and how they affect each other” 2.2 The importance of Phonetics and Phonology knowledge The goals of studying English Phonetics and Phonology is to help learners develop a more standard and native-like pronunciation to permit effective communication when speaking English, and to improve their listening comprehension Firstly, learners can acquire standard pronunciation like native speaker of a language thanks to Phonetics and Phonology knowledge When learning to transcribe speech sounds using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet, learners can improve their own pronunciation, feel confident in realizing small changes of sounds NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 10 6.3 Recommendations The following solutions may help students develop better ways for studying the subjects: Firstly, students need to change their mindset about studying English Instead of a “good enough” attitude toward learning the language, students should pay more attention to precise pronunciation of the language to make their speech more intelligible Therefore, they can be more confident when speaking without being afraid of making mistakes Secondly, due to the limited time of the subjects in class, students should practice what they have learnt consistently at home As Davis (1993) claimed: “Spoken English is best learned most effectively, economically and fastest as a by-product of doing something tangible while repeating aloud what you many times… something which is of practical use in everyday life What you learn should be something you can immediately use at work, in the street or at home In learning, English rather than just study about it!” Next, some aspects of Phonetics and Phonology of the course are unnecessary and have no application value, the researcher suggests that less theoretical knowledge should be studied Instead, tables or some materials that can summarize the whole knowledge from the course should be presented to the students so that they can minimize the time and make best use of the knowledge For example: Chart English Vowels Short Vowels /ɪ,e,ɔ,ʌ,æ,u/ Long Vowels Diphthongs /i:, ɜ:, ɑ:, ɔ:, u:/ Centring /ɪə,eə,ʊə/ Closing /eɪ,aɪ,ɔɪ,əʊ,aʊ/ NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 38 Chart 2: English Consonants Plosives Fricatives Bilabial: /p - b/ Labio-dental: /f-v/ Alveolar: /t-d/ Velar: /k-g/ Africates Nasals Post - alveolar: /ʧ-ʤ/ Others Bilabial: /m/ Lateral: /l/ Dental :/ θ -ð/ Alveolar: /n/ Approximants: /r, j, w/ Alveolar: /s-z/ Velar: /ŋ/ Post - alveolar: /ʃ-ʒ/ Glottal: /h/ Chart 3: Manner Articulation of 100% stopped Plosives : / b, p ,t , d, k, g / Restriction Fricatives : / f, v, θ , ð, s ,z , ∫ , з / Stoppage + restriction Africates : / t∫, dз / Stopped by the tongue Lateral : / l / Escape from the nose Nasals : / m, n, ŋ / No stoppage Aproximants / w, r, j / NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 39 Chart 4: Place of articulation Palato- Labio Manner of articulation Bilabial dent Dental Alveo alveolar lar (Post – al Plosive p td v θð s z Affricate m Lateral Approximant w Velar Glotta l alveolar) b Fricative Nasal Palatal k ʃ ʒ ʧ ʤ g h ŋ n l r j It is also suggested that in the future, more practical games should be applied in class to stimulate the interest of students in studying the subjects More focus should be placed on lively and practical examples in real life The researcher suggested that more focus should be placed on the application of aspects of connected speech into daily communication and approachable methods should be carried out to facilitate the learning of the two subjects NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 40 REFERENCES Books Brown, G (1990) Listening to spoken English London: Longman Carmen, R (2010) Spoken English: Flourish Your Language Abhishek Publications Collins, B., & Mees, I M (2013) Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A resource book for students Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Davenport, M., & Hannahs, S J (2005) Introducing Phonetics & Phonology London: Hodder Education Davis, D G (1993) American spoken English in real life: Fast natural, urgent survival, foreign accent begone!: The phonology of general American colloquial for teaching and learning American English as a second language New York: American Spoken English Publications Lester, J D (2015) Writing research papers Pearson McMahon, A M (2002) An introduction to English Phonology New York, NY: Oxford University Press Odden, D (2013) Introducing Phonology Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ogden, R (2009) An Introduction to English Phonetics S.l.: Edinburgh University Press 10 Phương pháp Nghiên cứu khoa học HUFLIT 11 Reed, M., & Levis, J M (2019) Handbook of english pronunciation Wiley Blackwell 12 Roach, P (2000) English Phonetics and Phonology: A practical course Cambridge: Cambridge University Press NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 41 13 Skandera, P., & Burleigh, P (2005) A manual of English Phonetics and Phonology: Twelve lessons with an integrated course in phonetic transcription Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto Verlag 14 Underhill, A (2005) Sound foundations Oxford: Macmillan 15 Yates, F (2003) Pronounce It Perfectly in English Ho Chi Minh: Thong Ke Websites Johnson, J., & Kozikowska, M (2009) Why study Phonetics? Retrieved May 5, 2019, from https://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/paper/3341.html https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/connected-speech https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/connected-speech-2 http://moreteamoreteaching.com/listening-connected-speech-1/ NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 42 APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONS (ENGLISH VERSION) QUESTIONNAIRE Personal information is not required Answers to questions in this survey will be kept confidential and used for the research paper purpose only Thank you for your participation! How you find the study of Phonetics and Phonology? a) Easy b) Quite difficult c) Difficult d) Extremely difficult What you think about studying Phonetics and Phonology? a) Unnecessary b) Don’t know whether it’s necessary or not c) Necessary d) Absolutely necessary In which group of speech sounds you have difficulty? (Participants may have more than one option) a) Vowels b) Diphthongs c) Consonants d) All of the above In which type of consonants you have difficulty? (Participants may have more than one option) a) Plosives: / b-p /, / t-d /, / k-g / b) Fricatives: / f-v /, / θ- ð /, / s- z /, / ∫- ʒ / c) Affricates : / t∫- dʒ / NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 43 d) Nasals: / m, n, ŋ / Can you tell the difference between Phonemes and Syllables? a) Yes, I can b) No, I can’t In your opinion, what skills can Phonology help to improve? (Participants may have more than one option) a) Communication b) Listening and comprehension c) Dictation d) Translation e) Fluency as native speakers f) Others: Are Phonetics and Phonology essential for your future jobs? a) Not essential b) Yes, but not the most essential c) Absolutely essential What skills did you improve after studying Phonetics and Phonology? (Participants may have more than one option) a) Flexible communication b) Better listening and comprehension skill c) Standard pronunciation d) Fluent communication What kinds of stress are more difficult in English? a) Word stress b) Sentence stress c) Both NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 44 10 What aspects of Phonology you think native speakers usually use when communicating? (Participants may have more than one option) a) Link-ups b) Weak forms c) Strong forms d) Elisions e) Assimilations f) Almost all of the above 11 Can you write down the spelling of the following transcribed sentence? /ˈteɪk ə ˈhəʊm/ a) Yes ( It is: ) b) No 12 Do you think it is necessary to add the following summary table of pronunciation after learning English consonants? Manner 100% stopped Plosives : / b, p ,t , d, k, g / Restriction Fricatives : / f, v, θ , ð, s ,z , ∫ , з / of Stoppage + restriction Articulation Africates : / t∫, dз / Stopped by the tongue Lateral : / l / Escape from the nose Nasals : / m, n, ŋ / No stoppage Aproximants / w, r, j / a) Necessary b) Not necessary NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 45 13 How many aspects of Connected Speech (e.g elision, weak forms, link-ups, assimilation, ) are there when a native English speaker says the following sentence? Sentence : “ I’m gonna tell most of people to say goodbye ” a) b) c) d) e) 14 Phonology helps learners improve their pronunciation; therefore, they are more confident when they communicate in English To what extent you agree? a) Strongly Agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly Disagree 15 Do you usually apply what had been learnt from Phonetics and Phonology to improve your communication and listening skills? a) Often b) Sometimes c) Seldom d) Never 16 In daily communication, we usually find the expressions such as: • I'm gonna , I wanna , I gotta • It's kinda , sorta • I musta , coulda , woulda , shoulda • Watcha , won'tcha , didn'tcha Can you explain those expressions using the knowledge learnt from Phonology? NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 46 a) Yes, I can b) No, I can’t 17 In your opinion, what is the factor that may have a bad influence in English listening and comprehension skill? a) Wrong pronunciation; not recognize sounds when listening b) Wrong stress in word and sentence c) Lack of knowledge related to aspects of connected speech d) Cannot distinguish the speaker’s intonation 18 It is the lack of Phonetics and Phonology knowledge that leads to incorrect English pronunciation and inarticulate communication To what extent you agree? a) Strongly Agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly Disagree 19 What difficulties you have when studying Phonetics and Phonology? 18 What are your opinions or recommendations about these subjects? Thank you for your participation in the survey! NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 47 APPENDIX B: SURVEY QUESTIONS (VIETNAMESE VERSION) BẢNG KHẢO SÁT Người làm khảo sát không cần ghi họ tên Những câu hỏi thông tin cung cấp bảng khảo sát bảo mật sử dụng với mục đích phục vụ cho nghiên cứu đề tài luận văn tốt nghiệp người nghiên cứu, hồn tồn khơng phục vụ cho mục đích khác Cảm ơn bạn đồng ý thực bảng khảo sát này! Bạn thấy học Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology) là: a) Dễ b) Khơng dễ c) Khó d) Rất khó Bạn nghĩ học Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology): a) Không cần thiết b) Không biết có cần khơng c) Cần thiết d) Rất cần thiết Khi học luyện âm (pronunciation), bạn thường gặp khó khăn phần nào? (người làm khảo sát có chọn lựa) a) Nguyên âm (vowels) b) Nhị trùng âm (diphthongs) c) Các nhóm phụ âm (consonants) d) Cả ba phần Khi bạn học Phụ âm (consonants), nhóm phụ âm bạn cảm thấy khó thực hành? (người làm khảo sát có chọn lựa) a) Âm tắc nổ ( plosives : / b-p /, / t-d /, / k-g / ) b) Âm xát ( fricatives : / f-v /, / θ- ð /, / s- z /, / ∫-з / ) NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 48 c) Âm tắc xát ( affricates : / t∫- dз / ) d) Âm mũi (nasals: / m, n, ŋ / ) Bạn phân biệt Phonemes Syllables khơng? a) Có b) Khơng Theo bạn, mơn Âm vị học (Phonology) giúp cải thiện kỹ sau đây: (người làm khảo sát có chọn lựa) a) Giúp nói giao tiếp tốt b) Giúp nghe hiểu nhanh c) Giúp đọc tả chuẩn d) Giúp kỹ nghe dịch e) Giúp nói tốc độ nhanh người xứ Theo bạn, môn Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology) có cần thiết cho nghề nghiệp công việc bạn sau hay không? a) Không cần thiết b) Cần cần c) Rất cần Sau học môn Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology) xong, bạn cải thiện kỹ sau đây: (người làm khảo sát có chọn lựa) a) Nói linh hoạt b) Nghe thấu hiểu c) Phát âm chuẩn d) Khả giao tiếp trôi chảy Theo bạn, hai dạng dấu nhấn: nhấn từ (word stress) nhấn câu (sentence stress), dạng khó hơn: a) Nhấn âm từ (word stress) b) Nhấn âm câu (sentence stress) c) Cả hai NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 49 10 Theo kinh nghiệm bạn, tượng Âm vị học (Phonology) người xứ thường hay sử dụng họ giao tiếp, trò chuyện? (người làm khảo sát có chọn lựa) a) Nối âm (Link-ups) b) Giảm âm (Weak forms) c) Nhấn âm (Strong forms) d) Nuốt âm ( Elisions) e) Đồng hóa âm (Assimilations ) f) Hầu tất tượng 11 Từ phiên âm sau đây, bạn viết thành câu hồn chỉnh? /ˈteɪk ə ˈhəʊm/ a) Có (Cách viết hoàn chỉnh câu là:…………………… ) b) Khơng 12 Bạn thấy có cần thiết bổ sung sơ đồ tổng kết cách phát âm vào học sau học xong phần Phụ âm không? Manner Articulation 100% stopped Plosives : / b, p ,t , d, k, g / Restriction Fricatives : / f, v, θ , ð, s ,z , ∫ , з / of Stoppage + restriction Africates : / t∫, dз / Stopped by the tongue Lateral : / l / Escape from the nose Nasals : / m, n, ŋ / No stoppage Aproximants / w, r, j / a) Cần b) Không cần NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 50 13 Theo bạn, người xứ nói câu có tượng liên quan tới phát âm xảy ra? (Aspects of Connected Speech : nuốt âm, giảm âm, nối âm, đồng hóa âm, vv ) Sentence : “ I’m gonna tell most of people to say goodbye ” a) b) c) d) e) 14 Môn học Âm vị học giúp người học phát âm chuẩn hơn, tự tin môi trường giao tiếp Bạn đồng ý với nhận định trên? a) Hồn tồn đồng ý b) Đồng ý c) Khơng đồng ý d) Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý 15 Bạn có thường ứng dụng kiến thức học từ môn Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology) để cải thiện kỹ giao tiếp nghe hiểu tiếng Anh khơng? a) Rất thường xun b) Thỉnh thoảng c) Hiếm d) Không 16 Trong giao tiếp hàng ngày, ta thường bắt gặp biểu đạt thuộc văn nói : • I'm gonna , I wanna , I gotta • It's kinda , sorta • I musta , coulda , woulda , shoulda • Watcha , won'tcha , didn'tcha NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 51 Bản thân bạn vận dụng môn học Âm vị học ( Phonology) để lý giải biểu đạt không ? a) Có thể lý giải b) Khơng thể lý giải 17 Theo bạn, yếu tố sau ảnh hưởng nhiều đến khả nghe hiểu tiếng Anh? a) Phát âm sai, không nhận âm nghe b) Nhấn âm sai c) Thiếu kiến thức yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới phát âm (factors of connected speech) d) Không phân biệt ngữ điệu (Intonation) người nói 18 Phát âm tiếng Anh sai nói tiếng Anh không trôi chảy thiếu kiến thức Ngữ âm học Âm vị học Bạn đồng ý với nhận định trên? a) Hoàn tồn đồng ý b) Đồng ý c) Khơng đồng ý d) Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý 19 Bạn gặp khó khăn học mơn Ngữ âm học (Phonetics) Âm vị học (Phonology)? 20 Ý kiến bạn mơn học này? (ý nghĩa, tầm quan trọng, tính ứng dụng, hữu ích, ) Chân thành cám ơn bạn dành thời gian đóng góp cho Bản Khảo Sát này! NGUYEN HUYNH THU HONG – BA1501| 52