English for banking and finance at ho chi minh city university of economics a critical review and suggestions for syllabus improvements

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANNITIES NGUYEN PHUONG CHI ENGLISH FOR BANKING AND FINANCE AT HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SYLLABUS IMPROVEMENTS A THESIS IN TESOL CODE NUMBER 5.07.02 SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF TESOL SUPERVISOR: CAO THI QUYNH LOAN, MA HOCHIMINH CITY -2003 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled: ENGLISH FOR BANKING AND FINANCE AT THE HOCHIMINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SYLLABUS IMPROVEMENTS in terms of the statement of Requirements for Theses in Master’s Programmes issued by the Higher Degree Committee HoChiMinh City September 10, 2003 NGUYEN PHUONG CHI RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, NGUYEN PHUONG CHI, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan and reproduction of theses HoChiMinh City September 10, 2003 Nguyen Phuong Chi ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Ms Cao Thi Quynh Loan, for her providing thorough instructions, guidance and valuable comments in the completion of this thesis I am extremely grateful to my former supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha, who has encouraged and given me the inspiration to this thesis, and provided me with great ideas to finish the thesis My special acknowledgement is respectfully extended to Mr Nguyen Huynh Dat, Head of the Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities, and staff members I would also like to send my thanks to Ms Thai Thi Xuan Thuy, Head of the Foreign Languages Department of Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics, Mr Vo Dinh Phuoc and some of the staff members for their help and useful contribution Last, but not least, my warmest and most affectionate thanks are given to my parents, brother and friends, without their moral support and encouragement this thesis could not have been completed iii ABSTRACT A good syllabus will help both teachers and students a lot in the process of teaching and learning This thesis takes a critical look at the current syllabus for students of State Finance and Monetary Business at HoChiMinh City University of Economics so as to make it more effective in meeting the needs of students, teachers, the department as well as society To this, a study was carried out to develop recommendations to improve the current syllabus The method employed in the investigation included a survey of students’ and teachers’ opinions of the current syllabus, with questionnaires given to the students of State Finance and Monetary Business, interviews with the teachers in charge of the course, and class observation Besides, test results were analysed The study has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the current syllabus On this basis, the strengths were retained and the weaknesses were improved or replaced In addition, constraints in improving the syllabus were clarified so that a revised syllabus could be better iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BA Bachelor of Arts EGP English for General Purposes ESL English as a Second Language ESP English for Specific Purposes HCMC Ho Chi Minh City MA Master of Arts MBA Master of Business Administration TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages UE The University of Economics v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES 3.1 The relationship of a curriculum to the syllabuses which draw from it p 12 3.2 The means analysis model by Holiday p 27 TABLES 4.1 Assessment of the class observation p 42 4.2 Percentage of students’ range of marks p 44 - 45 4.3 Percentage of students got the average marks and above in sections 1and in semesters and p 46 5.1 Results of practice tests p 54 - 55 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality i Retention and use of the thesis ii Acknowledgements iii Abstract iv List of Abbreviations v List of illustrations vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 1.2 AIMS OF THE STUDY .2 1.3 RATIONALE 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 2.1 AIMS AND REQUIREMENTS OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO THE STUDENTS OF STATE FINANCE AND MONETARY BUSINESS AT THE UE 2.2 PRESENT SITUATION OF LEARNING AND TEACHING OF ENGLISH TO THE STUDENTS OF STATE FINANCE AND MONETARY BUSINESS AT THE UE 2.2.1 Learners 2.2.2 Teachers 2.2.3 Current syllabus: English for Finance and Banking 2.2.3.1 Needs analysis 2.2.3.2 Objective setting 2.2.3.3.Content selection 2.2.3.4 Methodology 2.2.3.5 Materials 2.2.3.6 Evaluation 10 2.3 SUMMARY 10 vii CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3.1 CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS 11 3.2 TYPES OF LANGUAGE SYLLABUSES 13 3.3 CONTENT-BASED AND TASK-BASED SYLLABUSES 14 3.3.1 Reasons for choosing these types 14 3.3.2 Position of content-based and task-based syllabuses 15 3.3.3 Definitions of task 16 3.3.4 Task, activity and exercise 16 3.3.5 Content-based and task-based syllabuses for the students of State Finance and Monetary Business at the UE 16 3.4 SYLLABUS DESIGN PROCESS .17 3.4.1 Needs analysis 17 3.4.2 Goal and objective setting 19 3.4.3 Content selection 20 3.4.4 Content grading 21 3.4.5 Methodology 21 3.4.6 Selecting and developing materials 23 3.4.7 Evaluation and testing 24 3.5 APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY 26 3.6 SUMMARY .27 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSES OF THE STUDY 29 4.1 METHODOLOGY 29 4.1.1 Research questions 29 4.1.2 Research design 29 4.1.3 The study 29 4.1.3.1 The subjects 29 4.1.3.2 The instruments 30 4.1.3.2.1 Questionnaires 30 4.1.3.2.2 Interviews 30 4.1.3.2.3 Class observation 31 4.1.3.2.4 Test result evaluation 31 viii C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 4.1.3.3 Data collection procedure 32 4.2 ANALYSES OF THE STUDY 32 4.2.1 Analysis of the students’ opinions of the current syllabus 32 4.2.2 Analysis of the teachers’ opinions of the current syllabus 40 4.2.3 Analysis of the class observation 42 4.2.4 Analysis of the test results 43 4.3 SUMMARY 47 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 48 5.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY 48 5.1.1 Strengths of the current syllabus 48 5.1.2 Weaknesses of the current syllabus 48 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SYLLABUS .49 5.2.1 Materials adaptation 49 5.2.2 Text-based tasks 50 5.2.3 Teaching methodology 51 5.2.4 Constraints in improving the syllabus for the students of State Finance and Business Monetary 53 5.2.5 Applicability of the revised syllabus 54 5.2.6 A revised syllabus in hard copy 55 5.3.SUMMARY 106 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 107 6.1 CONCLUSION 107 6.2.LIMITATION 107 6.3 FURTHER RESEARCH 107 APPENDICES 109 Appendix 109 Appendix 112 Appendix 115 Appendix 120 BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn ix C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an The card reader enables the cash terminal computer to send the customer’s details via telephone wires to a Central Switch The card details are encoded for security The Central Switch selects the correct bank and sends the card details to the customer’s bank’s processor which checks the following information: Authorisation Checklist Card issue number Has the card been reported stolen? The expiry date of the card The value of the purchase Is there enough money in the customer’s account? The retailer’s identification number The retailer’s terminal number If everything is in order, the customer’s bank’s processor sends a coded authorisation to the Central Switch which sends the message to the shop The shop’s terminal confirms the payment, issues a receipt for the customer to sign and the customer can take the goods away At the same time the Central Switch transmits the value of the transaction to the shop’s bank If the payment is not authorised the customer has to fine another way to pay for the goods After three days the customer’s bank debits the value of the purchase to his or her account Meanwhile, also after three days, the shop’s bank credits the shop’s account with the value of the goods Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 126 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an UNIT 3: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS Reading 1: Payment services To attract more customers, and to provide for their various needs, the banks have developed different methods of payment: Cheques and cheque clearing (Unit1) Credit cards and charge cards (plastic money) (Unit2) EFTPOS (plastic money) (Unit2) Standing orders (Unit3) Direct debits (Unit 3) Credit transfer (Unit3) Banker’s drafts (Unit3) Telegraphic transfers (Unit3) Instant cash transfers (Unit3) (Numbers and sometimes called remittances) Standing orders Standing orders are useful for regular outdoing such as rent, electricity, gas and telephone bills They are also used for large monthly items over long periods such as mortgage payments (=buying a house) or car purchase The customer fills in a standing order mandate, giving his own and the payee’s account details, along with the date of the first and last payments In the customer’s statement account, all the standing order payments are marked SO and entered in the debit column ` Reading 2: Direct debits Another way of making regular payments is to authorise the creditor to draw the money by direct debit- a system which was introduced in the UK a few years ago The account holder completes a direct debit instruction and sends it to the payee (in this case British Telecom) The advantages of direct debit are mainly to the originator (the creditor/ payee) rather than to the account holder (the debtor/ payer) Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 127 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Firstly, it is cheaper to operate So large organisations such as a telephone company which have to draw regular payments from thousands of people can reduce their billing costs considerably From their point of view, if they can direct debit all their customers through the banking system each month it becomes much cheaper administratively than receiving payments by standing order It is certainly much cheaper than sending each customer a bill each month and waiting to receive payment Another advantage is that the creditor can vary the date of the direct debit, which can help its cash flow position, and also the amount to be debited where this is subject to variation If the payer disagrees with a direct debit, he can simply instruct his bank to stop the payment Then he has to settle the disagreement with the creditor Companies which operate direct debit billing, such as British Telecom, say that the reduction in costs adds to their efficiency and they can pass on this increased efficiency to their customers in the form of lower charges But there is some doubt about this because it is widely felt that it is the shareholders of the company who benefit, not the consumers There have also been complaints about direct debiting of National Insurance (social insurance tax); if an excess amount has been debited the payer cannot get the money back until after the end of the year Reading 3: International transfers There are four types of international transfer which are available to personal account customers- telegraphic transfers, banker’s drafts, instant cash transfers and mail transfers Instant cash transfers are only possible when the sending bank has computer links with the receiving bank The mail transfer is almost as quick because banks now use SWIFT services Where possible, they put a large number of smaller remittances on to one SWIFT transmission In the past, telegraphic transfers were the fastest method of sending money from one country to another - and the most expensive If the sending and receiving Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 128 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an banks are correspondent banks and have accounts with each other it is a simple matter for them to adjust these accounts Otherwise another bank which is a correspondent has to be used, which can act as an intermediary between the remitting and receiving banks A cheaper but slower way of sending money is for the customer to buy a banker’s and post it to the person or bank at the other end A banker’s draft is simply a cheque issued by a bank drawn on itself or on a correspondent bank in another country It is better than a personal cheque because it has the backing of the issuing bank Also it can be made out to pay a named account at a specific bank to give it absolute security The Royal Bank of Scotland and the Bank of Santander have led the way in linking themselves to each other by computer This enables them to offer instant cash transfers between the UK and Spain Reading 4: Instant international transfers INSTANT CASH TRANSFER FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY Instant Cash Transfer is a unique service which enables you to transfer funds across international boundaries from one account to another faster, more reliably and cheaper than ever before The secret is IBOS (Inter-Bank On- Line System) a direct computer link joining 1,200 Banco Santander branches with 850 Royal Bank branches for the benefit of both UK and Spanish nationals TRANSFER YOUR MONEY WHERE YOU WANT IT; WHEN YOU WANT IT Transfers can be made by computer link instantly, enabling you to hold your funds at the best rate anywhere in the UK, Channel Islands, Isle of Man or Spain until the moment you need them Not only is the service faster and more reliable than other methods, it is also significantly less expensive You pay a single charge only as and when you use it Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 129 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an MAKING THE BEST USE OF YOUR MONEY COULDN’T BE SIMPLER When using the service you will need to show your passport and cash card This will help branch staff to process your transfer as quickly as possible INSTANT TRANSFERS You can transfer one-off payment between a Royal Bank of Scotland account and a Banco Santander account as easily as between branches of the same domestic bank Transfers can be requested either from Royal Bank branches or through Banco Stander Amounts may be requested in either sterling or pesetas and will be charged at 0.2% (minimum: £5; maximum: £10) Payment will be automatically converted into local currency RECULAR PAYMENTS If you need to make regular payments between the UK and Spain, you can setup standing order payments between Royal Bank of Scotland accounts and Banco Santander accounts - a straightforward and efficient way to pay utilities and other regular outgoings Charge: £2.50 per payment OVER-THE-COUNTER CASH WITHDRAWALS As an alternative to using an automated cash machine, you can withdraw cash over the counter, up to your daily cash card limit in the local currency Charge: £2.50 per withdrawal INSTANT CASH TRANSFER LIMITS From Royal Bank of Scotland: Through Banco Santander: Money Transfers: £ million £3,000 Standing Orders: £ 10,000 - Cash withdrawls: - Up to card limit Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 130 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an UNIT 4: INTERBANK ELECTRONICS Reading I: The Bank Giro Credit The clearing system processes cheques This is debit clearing because after the cheque has been credited to the payee’s bank account, it is a debt which has to be collected by that bank The drawer’s cheque number, account number and branch code are printed in magnetic ink at the bottom of each cheque Also the payee’s bank prints the value at the bottom right-hand corner of the cheque before they send it to the Clearing House So all the necessary information is on the cheque in a form which can be read by a magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) machine This makes automated sorting and clearing of cheques possible On the other hand it is possible to make payments by credit slips This can be done by someone who has no bank account by paying cash over the counter at any one of the thousands of branches of the high street banks all over the country The credit can be in favour of any account holder at any branch of any other bank in the country Also some companies pay their debts using credit slips These credit vouchers are printed in different ways and on various sizes of paper and not in magnetic ink, so bank giro credit clearing has not been much automated in the past However, optical character recognition machines can now read credit slips, and BGC automation is increasing The customers completes the giro credit voucher with the amount, the payee’s bank and account number On the same night the vouchers are delivered to the paying bank’s head office On Day Two, they are sorted according to the payees’ banks and taken to the Clearing House and processed Overnight they are delivered to the beneficiary’s branch On Day Three, they are credited to the beneficiary’s account Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 131 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Nowadays security courier services are used for these deliveries But it is also possible for payments to be made more quickly, by telephone for example, in the case of large sums, on payment by the customer of a fee Reading 2: Special remittances Sometimes a customer might want to send money quickly There are various possibilities- postal, telephoned and telegraphic transfers The speed of postal transfers depends on the efficiency of the Post Office In the UK a letter posted first class should arrive the following morning The paying bank could send a credit voucher direct to the receiving bank by post and receiving bank credits the amount to the account on the day it receives the voucher A telegraphic transfer will normally be credited by the receiving bank on the same day it is sent The sending bank has to use a code and allows a maximum amount to be sent, say £5,000 Only the manager of the sending bank can provide the codeword and likewise only the manager of the receiving bank can decode the telegram before a clerk can process it Note that both international postal transfers, referred to in banks as Mail Transfers, and telegraphic transfers are sent by SWIFT However, postal and telegraphic services may be used for countries where SWIFT services are not available Banks also send money over the telephone between branches Again, codewords are used to provide security There is also an upward limit on such payments Larger amounts have to be routed through the head office But sums over £5,000 are sent by CHAPS Reading 3: The Bankers Automated Clearing Service (BACS) What does BACS do? BACS handles payments of more than 30,000 corporate customers The service is provided for companies which have to collect and pay large volumes of money in the form of standing orders, direct debits and salaries Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 132 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an To carry out this work, the BACS company was set up by 16 banks, including the Bank of England (the central bank of the UK), which are its joint owners Why is BACS needed? The purpose of BACS is to reduce the cost of transferring money This can be done by economies of scale Clearly, as the actual cost of transferring money is the same for large sums as it is for small sums, it is more economical from the customers’point of view to transfer large amounts at one time Also, with BACS there is very little paperwork In addition the money spends less time going from bank to bank and can spend more time earning interest for the payers This is because it is electronically transmitted and does not have to be sent until the day it is due to be paid Hoe does it work? Large organisations put all the information about the credits - name, account number, bank and branch code - on to a computer tape or disk The tape may be given to their bank or the information can be transmitted directly from the company to the bank’s computer via the telephone system All the banks send the information to the BACS Processing Computer Centre in London Credits and debits between the banks can then be processed by computer Thus, on a day specified by the company, the salary due to each employee is credited to his/ her account and the total amount is debited to the company’s account at its bank Reading 4: The Clearing House Automated Payment System (CHAPS) What is CHAPS? CHAPS was introduced by the major UK clearing banks (Settlement Banks) in 1984 It is an on-line interbank transmission system for high value, guaranteed sterling payments for same-day settlement Before 1984, these payments used to be taken by messengers walking from bank to bank in the City of London But the number and volume of payments became so great that more modern system was needed Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 133 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Other banks and companies may use CHAPS by becoming participants with one of the Settlement Banks It is possible for them to interface their own computers with their bank’s CHAPS network by means of the software package Gateway and the British Telecom Packet Switch Service (PSS) The volume of CHAPS payments has increased steadily since it was introduced The upward limit to the value of payments has been removed and the current minimum value is £5,000 On average, 16,000 payments are processed daily to a value of £50 billion How does it work? Each Settlement Bank has a TANDEM computer which receives information about inward and outward payments Outward payments are authenticated then encoded and passed on through its Gateway and the telephone system to the destination bank The receiving bank decodes and de-authenticates the inward payment which may be accompanied by a ‘Please advise’ request The receiving bank will then telephone the beneficiary customers and inform them that the money has arrived Alternatively the beneficiaries may be able to note the arrival of the money on their own terminal The Clearing House Interbank Payment Service (CHIPS) is the US equivalent of CHAPS Reading 5: The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) SWIFT SC is a co-operative non-profit making organisation owned by member banks and based in Brussels Member banks connect to the SWIFT processor in their own country via local lines Each processor has a device for encoding messages The two international bases for the system are in Amsterdam and in Virginia, USA There are more than 3,000 transmitting / receiving points in nearly 70 countries Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 134 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Capital expenditure on the system is met by loans from member banks Operating costs are met out of charges for services SWIFT is able to handle 1,000,000 messages a day, carrying out customer transfers, bank transfers, foreign exchange, loan and deposit transactions, collections, documentary credits and accounting entry confirmations Some banks use it to send CHAPS messages Recently an updated version of SWIFT I - SWIFT II - has been introduced using new technology This became necessary because SWIFT had become so heavily used that expansion was impossible Reading 6: Home banking Home banking (sometimes called remote banking) depends on electronics and a good telephone system The commonest form of remote banking is by simple use of the telephone Customers can telephone their banks and ask for various transactions to be carried out Examples are: transferring money from one account to another cancelling a standing order and stopping a cheque Sometimes the bank for confirmation in writing but carries out the transaction immediately Some banks have made it possible for their customers to carry out certain transactions over the telephone, by talking to a computer which understands spoken words But the method of remote banking which has attracted most attention recently uses a television screen or computer monitor so that the account holder can actually see a statement of account at home To use a TV screen one needs a special adaptor which has a keyboard and connector to the television and telephone socket When using a computer, one needs a modem (modulator demodulator) which effectively allows your computer to talk to the bank’s computer via the telephone wires It is possible to call up details of standing orders, direct debits and statements of account over the previous three months Also you can order new cheque books and printed statements, while one bank even allows you to open a new account Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 135 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an When a customer speaks to the bank over the telephone, until the bank staff learn to recognise the customer’s voice, they might ask for some information which only the customer could know In addition to the account number they might ask for the customer’s mother’s maiden name, or some other personal detail With TV or personal computer banking, the customer has to use a PIN number This has to be changed periodically for additional security If another person obtains the number, the remote banking facility for that account can be frozen, until a new PIN is issued Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 136 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an BIBLIOGRAPHY Bachman, L.F (1997) Fundamental Consideration in Language Testing OUP Benesch, S (1996) Needs Analysis and Curriculum Development in EAP: An Example of a Critical Approach TESOL Quarterly 30, 723 – 738 Brindley, G (1989) The Role of Needs Analysis in Adult ESL Program Design in R K Johnson, ed., The Second Language Curriculum, p.p.63-78 Cambridge: CUP Brown, H D (1996) Teaching by Principles _ An Interaction Approach to Language Pedagogy Prentice Hall Regents Brown, J D (1995) The Elements of Language Curriculum: A systematic approach to program development Boston: Heinle & Heinle Publishers Cao Thi Quynh Loan (1996) Business English: A Course Design For ESL Students And Its Adaptation For A Vietnamese Context Colorado State University The USA Carter, Ronald and David Nunan (2001) The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other languages CUP Cohen, Lousi, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison (2000) A Guide to Teaching Practice.Routledge Corbett, Jim (2002) English for International Banking and Finance Cambridge: CUP 10 Cunningsworth, A (1995) Choosing Your Coursebook Oxford: Heinemann 11 Douglas, Dan (2000) Assessing Languages for Specific Purposes CUP 12 Dubin, F and E Olshtain (1986) Course Design: Developing Programs and Materials for Language Learning New York: CUP 13 Dudley-Evans Tony and Maggie Jo St John (1998) Developments in English for Specific Purposes CUP 14 Duong Thi Thuy Uyen (2000) Improving The English Syllabus For Business Administration Students At HCM City University of Economics Hanoi Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 137 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an University of Foreign Studies HCMC University of Social Sciences and Humanities 15 Ellis, Mark and Christine Johnson (1996) Teaching Business English OUP 16 Graves, Kathleen (edited) (1996) Teachers as Course Developers England: CUP 17 Hidalgo, A C., Hall, D and George M Jacobs (1995) (Ed) Getting Started: Materials Writers on Materials Writing SEAMEO RELC 18 Hinkle, Eli (1999) Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning CUP 19 Holliday, Adrian (1997) Appropriate Methodology and Social Context CUP 20 Howard-Williams, Deirdre & C Herd (1992) Business Words Heinemann 21 Hutchinson, T & A Waters (1987) English for Specific Purposes: A LearnerCentered Approach England: CUP 22 Johnson, Christine (2000) Market Leader: Banking and Finance Longman 23 Jordan, R.R (1997) English for Academic Purposes - A Guide and Resource Book for Teachers CUP 24 Kennedy, Chris and Rod Bolitho (1991) English for Specific Purposes Macmilan Press Ltd 25 Khoo, Rosemary (1994) LSP: Problems and Prospects SEAMEO 26 Lee, J.F and Bill Vanpatten (1994) Making Communicative Language Teaching Happen McGraw-Hill, Inc 27 Long, M.H and Crookes, G (1992) Three Approaches to Task-based Syllabus Design, TESOL Quarterly, 26,1, 27-56 28 Lynch, B K (1990) A Context-Adaptive Model for Program Evaluation TESOL Quarterly, Vol 24, No.1 29 Lynch, B.K (1997) Language Program Evaluation: Theory and Practice CUP 30 MacKenzie, Ian (1995) Financial English with Mini-Dictionary of Finance England: London 31 Mager, R F (1975) Preparing Instructional Objectives Belmont, CA: FearonPitman Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 138 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 32 Mckay, Penny and Angela Scarino (1993) ESL Framework of Stages: An Approach to ESL Learning in Schools Australia: Curriculum Corporation 33 Mcnamara, Tim (2000) Language Testing Oxford: OUP 34 Mohan, B (1986) Language and Content Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley 35 Munby, John (1994) Communicative Syllabus Design CUP 36 Nguyen Hong Duc (1999) Learning-Centred Approach in Designing ESP Course Hanoi University of Foreign Studies HCMC University of Social Sciences and Humanities 37 Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha (1999) English Language Testing at the University of Economics: A Critical Look at Current Practices and Suggestions for Standardization Hanoi University of Foreign Studies HCMC University of Social Sciences and Humanities 38 Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha (2000) De xuat ve huong xay dung chuong trinh tieng Anh chuyen nganh tai DHKT in “Giang Day Tieng Anh tai Truong Dai Hoc Kinh Te TPHCM” 39 Nunan, David (1991) Syllabus Design Oxford: OUP 40 Nunan, David (1989) Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom CUP 41 Nunan, David (1996) The Learner-Centred Curriculum CUP 42 Nunan, David (1999) Second Language Teaching and Learning Heinle & Heinle Publishers 43 Prabhu, N S (1987) Second Language Pedagogy Oxford: OUP 44 Radice, Francis (1995) Banking Transactions Macmillan 45 Richards, J C (1990) The Language Teaching Matrix New York: CUP 46 Richards J.C (1998) Language Curriculum Development: Issues and Practices Singapore: SEAMEO RELC 47 Richards, J.C and Charles Lockhart (1995) Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms CUP 48 Richards, J.C et al (1985) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics Longman Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 139 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn