Designing additional reading materials for students of english at binh duong teachers training college

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled: DESIGNING ADDITIONAL READING MATERIALS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH AT BINH DUONG TEACHER’S TRAINING COLLEGE in terms of the statement of Requirements for Theses in Master’s Programs issued by the Higher Degree Committee Ho Chi Minh, October 20 th , 2008 TRẦN THỊ NHƯ PHƯƠNG i RETENSION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, Trần Thị Như Phương, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the library should be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for care, loan or reproduction of theses Ho Chi Minh, October 20 th , 2008 TRẦN THỊ NHƯ PHƯƠNG ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr Nguyễn Tiến Hùng, who has provided insightful discussions, constructive criticisms, valuable comments and strong support in the preparation and completion of this thesis I am greatly indebted to all the lecturers of the TESOL graduate program at the University of Sciences and Humanities for their dedication and helpful instruction during my TESOL course My special thanks go to all the teachers and the sophomores of Foreign Language Department at BDTTC for their support and cooperation in the study I also thank all my friends for their considerable encouragement Last but not least, my thanks and gratitude are sent to my family: my mother in law, who keeps on encouraging me; to my husband, who undoubtedly cares and loves me; to my younger brother who always supports me and to my son who well believes in and loves me during the time of completing this thesis iii ABTRACT The thesis aims at finding out the problems of the sophomores at BBTTC with the textbook they are learning- Select Readings, the reason why they have those troubles The findings from the study will bring a big help for how to improve the students’ reading skill and lend support to other skills The questionnaires were employed to verify the problems, the interviews and test scores of the two semesters were to seek the effect of the additional reading materials and measure the students’ progress The responses from the questionnaires revealed the two main problems the second year students had to face: Understanding the Text and Discussion and Writing Based on the findings, reading passages were selected and designed to assist the students in overcoming their shortcomings Apart from the designing additional materials, two minor solutions which were extensive reading and encouragement came in use as the supporting methods The findings obtained from the interviews and the test scores showed the positive effect of the supplementary materials on the students’ improvement of linguistic skills especially on their reading one iv TABLES OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality i Retension and use of the thesis .ii Acknowledgements iii Abtract iv Tables of contents v List of figures ix List of tables x List of abbreviations .xi INTRODUCTION 1 The statement of the problem The significance of the study Delimitation Research objectives Research questions An overview of the thesis: CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1 Characteristics of the teaching staff and the characteristics of the students at BDTTC 1.1.1 Characteristics of the teaching staff 1.1.2 Characteristics of the students 1.2 Description of teaching and learning in the Foreign Language Department 1.3 Description of reading syllabus for the second year English majors at BDTTC 1.4 Analysis of the coursebook Select Readings 1.5 Summary 17 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 18 2.1 Theoretical background 18 2.1.1 Theories related to adapting materials 18 v 2.1.2 Reading outside the classroom 20 2.1.3 Criteria for selecting reading texts 21 2.1.4 Kinds of tasks help to develop reading ability 24 2.1.5 Interactive reading activities 26 2.2 Previous studies 29 2.3 Summary 30 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Methodology 31 3.2 Research design 31 3.2.1 Research procedure 31 3.2.2 Subjects 32 3.2.3 Instruments 33 3.2.3.1 Questionnaires 33 3.2.3.1.1 Questionnaire for students 33 3.2.3.1.2 Questionnaire for teachers 34 3.2.3.2 Class observations 34 3.2.3.3 Interviews 35 3.2.3.4 Test scores 35 3.2.4 Data collection procedure 35 3.3 Instruments of data analysis 35 3.4 Summary 36 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 37 4.1 Result 37 4.1.1 Analysis of the questionnaire for students 37 4.1.2 Analysis of the questionnaire for teachers 45 4.1.3 Analysis of test scores of English of school year 2006-2007 49 4.1.3.1 Analysis of reading scores of the first and second semesters 49 4.1.3.2 Analysis of writing scores of the first and second semesters 50 4.1.3.3 Analysis of speaking scores of the first and second semesters 52 vi 4.2 Findings and discussions 52 4.2.1 Findings 52 4.2.1.1 Findings from the questionnaires 52 4.2.1.2 Findings from the interviews 53 4.2.1.2.1 Findings from the teachers’ interview 54 4.2.1.2.2 Finding from the students’ interview 55 4.2.2 Discussions 55 4.2.2.1 Solutions to the students’ difficulties 55 4.2.2.1.1 Designing additional materials 56 4.2.2.1.2 Extensive reading 57 4.2.2.1.3 Encouragement 58 4.2.2.2 Discussion on the result obtained 59 4.3 Summary 60 CHAPTER V: TASK DESIGN 61 5.1 Principles for designing reading lessons 61 5.2 Designing additional lessons 62 CHAPTER VI: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 94 6.1 Recommendations 94 6.2 Conclusion 98 REFFERENCES 100 APPENDICES 103 APPENDIX Questionnaire for students 103 APPENDIX Questionnaire for teachers 107 APPENDIX Kế hoạch đào tạo cử nhân cao đẳng 110 APPENDIX Bảng điểm học phần HK 112 APPENDIX Bảng điểm học phần HK 113 APPENDIX Cultural Differences? Or, are we really that different? 114 APPENDIX Disability- My experience with ALS 115 APPENDIX Folk Music, Copyright and the Public Domain 118 vii C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Speech Making Basic Tips 120 APPENDIX 10 CV example 122 APPENDIX 11 Adios to Popular Spanish Tradition of Sieta 123 viii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 Students’ remarks on the activities of the coursebook Select Readings 38 Figure 4.2 Students’ opinions on the activity Before You Read 39 Figure 4.3 Students’ opinions on the activity Using Context Clues 40 Figure 4.4 Students’ opinions on the activity Learning in Context 41 Figure 4.5 Students’ opinions on the activity Writing & Discussion` 41 Figure 4.6 Students’ opinions on combining reading with other skills 43 Figure 4.7 A number of periods to spend on teaching one chapter 45 Figure 4.8 Pre-reading activities used by teachers 48 Figure 4.9 Students’ reading test scores in two semesters 49 ix Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 110 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 111 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 112 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 113 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX CULTURAL DIFFERENCES? OR, ARE WE REALLY THAT DIFFERENT? Gregorio Billikopf Encina University of California In 1993, I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California I was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management "Russians are a very polite people," I had been tutored before my arrival One of my interpreters, once I was there, explained that a gentleman will pour the limonad (type of juice) for the ladies and show other courtesies Toward the end of my three week trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Nicolai Vasilevich and his lovely wife Yulya out to dinner At the end of a wonderful meal Yulya asked if I would like a banana I politely declined and thanked her, and explained I was most satisfied with the meal But the whole while my mind was racing: "What I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me? What is the polite thing to do?" "Would you like a banana?" I asked Yulya "Yes," she smiled, but made no attempt to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket "What now?" I thought "Which one would you like?" I fumbled "That one," she pointed at one of the bananas So all the while thinking about Russian politeness I picked the banana Yulya had pointed at and peeled it half way and handed it to her Smiles in Yulya and Nicolai's faces told me I had done the right thing After this experience I spent much time letting the world know that in Russia, the polite thing is to peel the bananas for the ladies Sometime during my third trip I was politely disabused of my notion "Oh no, Grigorii Davidovich," a Russian graciously corrected me "In Russia, when a man peels a banana for a lady it means he has a romantic interest in her." How embarrassed I felt And here I had been proudly telling everyone about this tidbit of cultural understanding Certain lessons have to be learned the hard way Some well meaning articles and presentations on cultural differences have a potential to more harm than good and may not be as amusing They present, like my bananas, too many generalizations or quite a distorted view Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 114 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Disability - My Experience with ALS I am quite often asked: How you feel about having ALS The answer is, not a lot I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many It was a great shock to me to discover that I had motor neurone disease I had never been very well co-ordinated physically as a child I was not good at ball games, and my handwriting was the despair of my teachers Maybe for this reason, I didn't care much for sport or physical activities But things seemed to change when I went to Oxford, at the age of 17 I took up coxing and rowing I was not Boat Race standard, but I got by at the level of inter-College competition In my third year at Oxford, however, I noticed that I seemed to be getting more clumsy, and I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason But it was not until I was at Cambridge, in the following year, that my father noticed, and took me to the family doctor He referred me to a specialist, and shortly after my 21st birthday, I went into hospital for tests I was in for two weeks, during which I had a wide variety of tests After all that, they didn't tell me what I had, except that it was not multiple sclerosis, and that I was an a-typical case I gathered however, that they expected it to continue to get worse, and that there was nothing they could do, except give me vitamins I could see that they didn't expect them to have much effect I didn't feel like asking for more details, because they were obviously bad The realisation that I had an incurable disease, that was likely to kill me in a few years, was a bit of a shock How could something like that happen to me Why should I be cut off like this However, while I had been in hospital, I had seen a boy I vaguely knew die of leukaemia, in the bed opposite me It had not been a pretty sight Clearly there were people who were worse off than me At least my condition didn't make me feel sick Whenever I feel inclined to be sorry for myself I remember that boy Not knowing what was going to happen to me, or how rapidly the disease would progress, I was at a loose end The doctors told me to go back to Cambridge and carry on with the research I had just started in general relativity and cosmology But I was not making much progress, because I didn't have much mathematical background And, anyway, I might not live long enough to finish my PhD I felt somewhat of a tragic character I took to listening to Wagner, but reports in magazine articles that I drank heavily are an exaggeration The trouble, is once one article said it, other articles copied it, because it made a good story Anything that has appeared in print so many times, must be true Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 115 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an My dreams at that time were rather disturbed Before my condition had been diagnosed, I had been very bored with life There had not seemed to be anything worth doing But shortly after I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could if I were reprieved Another dream that I had several times, was that I would sacrifice my life to save others After all, if I were going to die anyway, it might as well some good But I didn't die In fact, although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before I began to make progress with my research, and I got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde, who I had met just about the time my condition was diagnosed That engagement changed my life It gave me something to live for But it also meant that I had to get a job if we were to get married I therefore applied for a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius (pronounced Keys) College, Cambridge To my great surprise, I got a fellowship, and we got married a few months later The fellowship at Caius took care of my immediate employment problem I was lucky to have chosen to work in theoretical physics, because that was one of the few areas in which my condition would not be a serious handicap And I was fortunate that my scientific reputation increased, at the same time that my disability got worse This meant that people were prepared to offer me a sequence of positions in which I only had to research, without having to lecture Up to 1974, I was able to feed myself, and get in and out of bed Jane managed to help me, and bring up the children, without outside help However, things were getting more difficult, so we took to having one of my research students living with us In return for free accommodation, and a lot of my attention, they helped me get up and go to bed In 1980, we changed to a system of community and private nurses, who came in for an hour or two in the morning and evening This lasted until I caught pneumonia in 1985 I had to have a tracheostomy operation After this, I had to have 24 hour nursing care This was made possible by grants from several foundations Before the operation, my speech had been getting more slurred, so that only a few people who knew me well, could understand me But at least I could communicate I wrote scientific papers by dictating to a secretary, and I gave seminars through an interpreter, who repeated my words more clearly However, the tracheostomy operation removed my ability to speak altogether For a time, the only way I could communicate was to spell out words letter by letter, by raising my eyebrows when someone pointed to the right letter on a spelling card It is pretty difficult to carry on a conversation like that, let alone write a scientific paper However, a computer expert in California, called Walt Woltosz, heard of my plight He sent me a computer program he had written, called Equalizer This allowed me to select words from a series of menus on the screen, by pressing a switch in my hand The program could also be controlled by a switch, operated by head or eye Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 116 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an movement When I have built up what I want to say, I can send it to a speech synthesizer At first, I just ran the Equalizer program on a desk top computer However David Mason, of Cambridge Adaptive Communication, fitted a small portable computer and a speech synthesizer to my wheel chair This system allowed me to communicate much better than I could before I can manage up to 15 words a minute I can either speak what I have written, or save it on disk I can then print it out, or call it back, and speak it sentence by sentence Using this system, I have written a book, and dozens of scientific papers I have also given many scientific and popular talks They have all been well received I think that is in a large part due to the quality of the speech synthesizer, which is made by Speech Plus One's voice is very important If you have a slurred voice, people are likely to treat you as mentally deficient: Does he take sugar? This synthesizer is by far the best I have heard, because it varies the intonation, and doesn't speak like a Dalek The only trouble is that it gives me an American accent However, the company is working on a British version I have had motor neurone disease for practically all my adult life Yet it has not prevented me from having a very attractive family, and being successful in my work This is thanks to the help I have received from Jane, my children, and a large number of other people and organisations I have been lucky, that my condition has progressed more slowly than is often the case But it shows that one need not lose hope Stephen Hawking Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 117 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX FOLK MUSIC, COPYRIGHT, AND THE PUBLIC DOMAIN By Peter Irvine, peter@peterirvinelaw.com Freezing the Public Domain For many folk musicians, the public domain is a vital source of raw materials At the same time, musicians are sometimes confused about the copyright status of older material, assuming that a song or tune is traditional when in fact it is still protected by copyright Under prior law, songs from the 1920s, a musically active era that contains the roots of what are now called Bluegrass and Old Time Music, would be entering the public domain during the next few years Following the Eldred v Ashcroft decision, works currently protected by copyright will remain protected until 2019, putting the public domain into deep freeze for another sixteen years The public domain is that body of work that is unprotected by copyright and is available to everyone to use Creative works enter the public domain when the term of copyright protection ends Over the past 100 years, the duration of copyright protection has been increased numerous times Under current law, any song composed and published before 1923 is in the public domain, but more recent works are likely protected by copyright In the 1990s, the Disney Corporation was concerned that the copyright on the first Steamboat Willie cartoon, Mickey Mouse’s debut, would expire in 2004 So Disney, along with other entertainment conglomerates, lobbied to pass the CTEA to postpone the inevitable movement of Mickey from proprietary to public Opponents of the CTEA argued that by extending the duration of copyright protection by an additional twenty years, the law interferes with the growth of, and access to, the public domain There are also arguments about corporate control of cultural icons When Traditional Music Isn’t Folk musicians who perform or arrange older songs or tunes need to be aware of the copyright status of their source materials A copyright is actually a bundle of rights A musician who creates a song can control copying, distribution, and arranging of the song If an existing work is protected by copyright, you must procure permission (a license) from the owner of the work before using it Musicians also earn royalties for public performances, such as radio airplay, of their songs Unless you are working from a source published before 1923, you should assume a work is protected by copyright, even if it is thought of as “traditional.” Mistakes have been made, leading to costly disputes Three notable examples are discussed below: Happy Birthday, How Can I Keep From Singing? and Tom Dooley In 1976, the Copyright Act underwent a major revision Combined with the CTEA, the duration of copyright of a work created by a person is now the life of the author plus seventy years Prior law was somewhat more complex Works published prior to 1923 entered the public domain in 1998, but works published in 1923 or Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 118 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an later are potentially protected until the end of 2018 This protection depends on timely compliance with a number of procedures, including proper copyright notice (the c in a circle © symbol, along with the year and owner’s name) and filing of renewals, so there are some works from 1923 to 1964 that have nevertheless entered the public domain The notice and renewal requirements have been eliminated for newer works, but must still be considered to determine the status of older works Arrangements and adaptations are called derivative works Many folk musicians incorporate traditional material into new songs and arrangements A copyright can be claimed in any original elements added to a public domain work When, for example, Johnny Cash created a new version of the traditional song Delia’s Gone, he got a copyright in whatever new words, instrumental arrangements, or changes to the tune he made He can’t prevent someone else from making their own derivative version of the same public domain song, but he can prevent others from copying, distributing, or arranging his derivative version for the rest of his life, and then his heirs can continue this protection for an additional seventy years Happy Birthday is protected by copyright and earns about $2 million in royalties every year The tune was composed in 1893 by sister teachers Patty and Mildred Hill A copyright was registered in 1935 that, with the current extensions of duration, ensures protection for decades to come Note that prior to the 1976 revision of the Copyright Act, federal copyright protection began upon publication So even though Happy Birthday was composed before 1923, its later date of publication with proper notice allowed it to qualify for the CTEA term extension, and thus continued protection AOL Time Warner now owns the rights and earns a royalty for every public performance of Happy Birthday You can sing it at home without charge, but restaurants that have staff sing the song must hold a license from the ASCAP performing rights society, and movies that include the song must pay a licensing fee Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 119 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX Speech Making Basic Tips by: Simon Oldmann It is no secret that public speaking is causing a lot of fear and stress, in fact public speaking ranks high in causing fear in many of us The problem that most of us face is not speech making per se, it is actually any kind of frontal lecture or exchange of information that we need to deliver College students are well aware of the devastating effects of the fear of public speaking, the need to present seminars or to protect a work from criticism makes public speaking “victims” out of most of us There are a lot of tips and advice on delivering a well planned and perfectly executed speech Lets try and consider the few basic points of good public speaking, the points that matter the most and that will increase your chances of getting to the end of your speech alive and well A great speech starts with a great topic It is so important that you select a topic that interests you, and you believe will interest your audience Try and find as many things that interest you in this speech, discover things the you know a little more about and that you can use to leverage the speech to your benefit When researching the topic of the speech look for as many divers subjects within the topic, try and locate one that you feel very comfortable with and that you can base most of the time in your speech to Think carefully of your audience and its needs, if this is the silent audience, coming to hear a public speaking and that would be grateful for any piece of information you through their way, or the savvy interested audience that will make your life hard and ask questions, if you prepare for the worst – you will be protected The problem is that you don’t always have the time to spend in preparing for the audience from hell Writing your introduction, the base of the speech and the opening of your public speaking should be a powerful one, if you want to capture your audience attention and minds you will need some passion here Start by writing a 3-sentence introduction Think of it as trying to explain this subject to someone in a pleasant casual talk, key to giving a speech is a conversational tone In the introduction tell your audience what you’re about to say The first thirty seconds of your speech are probably the most important In that period of time you must grab the attention of the audience, and engage their interest Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 120 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an in what you have to say in your speech Once your audience is interested and intrigued you can move forward and advance to the later parts of your speech Now is the time to address each of the general points in your introduction, and apply the “meat” of the speech You need to explore a few points in a profound way, to show that you have done your homework and give the audience that feeling that you re just talking to them and not reading out a prepared speech When an experienced speaker gives a public speech the feeling is as if he was talking about something he is very familiar with, that diverting the subject is not a problem, that he is in control over the whole scope of the topic That is what you should aspire to – not necessarily to actually know this, but to give this feeling Most good writing, we are told over and over again, must have structure A good speech is no exception By providing your speech with a beginning, middle, and an end, you will have laid the foundations for a successful speech that fulfils all of your aspirations The finishing touch, the conclusion is your last touch, and it will probably not make or break you general performance, not rush to the conclusion, make a lengthy speech before you get to the point when you say “in conclusion”, give the audience the feeling that you have exhausted all the possible interesting things you could have said, and move to the conclusion Make sure you finish with a considerable amount of confidence, it will send you audience home with a feeling that they have learned something, and try to make sure you know what you are talking about Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 121 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 10 CV EXAMPLE YOUR NAME 222 FIRST STREET, CALGARY, T3A-3Y5 PHONE (403) 000-0000 • E-MAIL ME@HOME.COM OBJECTIVE [ Type Objective Here ] EDUCATION 200x - 200x [ School/Organization Name ] [ City, Province ] [ Diploma/Certificate/Degree/Major ] [ Details of education completed ] 200x - 200x [ School/Organization Name ] [ City, Province ] [ Diploma/Certificate/Degree/Major ] 10 [ Details of education completed ] WORK EXPERIENCE 200x - 200x [ Company/Organization Name ] [ Job Title ] 11 [ Details of position ] [ City, Province ] 200x - 200x [ Company/Organization Name ] [ Job Title ] 12 [ Details of position ] [ City, Province ] 200x - 200x [ Company/Organization Name ] [ Job Title ] 13 [ Details of position ] [ City, Province ] SKILLS [ Click here and enter information ] REFERENCES Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 122 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 11 TEXT Adios to Popular Spanish Tradition of Siesta Posted by Explorer on August 29th 2006 to Lifestyle in Spain Spain will soon bid “adios” to their century-old social custom known as siesta While Spanish locals truly enjoy a two-hour nap on a grueling day, the corporate world is trying to kick away the traditional habit in order to meet the demands of a fast-moving world With a booming industry, the corporate giants can’t afford to lose a worker on a ridicilous break Whether they like it or not, people in Spain will be deprived of their sweet afternoon slumber Siesta in Spain is considered as a health regimen and as a way to rest their weary minds and body from long hours of work While Spanish locals work with so much passion, they also need to have a valuable break to regain strength they’ve lost during the day But to keep up with the challenges of modern times and global industries, Spanish workers need to look for another way as a trace of their tradition will soon vanish into thin air For some globally competitive nations, siesta is a little too much to ask even if medical researches suggest that keeping your eyes shut on a midday helps reduce the risk of heart attacks and eliminates stress Some native advocates have already filed petitions to the government, asking them to lessen the required hours of work to compensate for the time lost, but until there is a clear-cut solution in meeting the gaps, Spanish people are forced to cut down their sleeping extravagance TEXT If you're not getting enough sleep, you might want to pack your bags and head for Spain And don't worry about being jet-lagged In Spain, you are allowed to sleep for two or three hours during the heat of the afternoon, and businesses are closed from to This is the famous Spanish siesta, and the Spanish adopted the tradition as a way of coping with the intense heat The Spanish insist that you go to sleep for a few hours every day This allows the Spaniards to be lively and alert at p.m., midnight Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 123 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn