VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ THIỆN A STUDY ON USING GROUP WORK ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS O[.]
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ THIỆN A STUDY ON USING GROUP WORK ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE SECOND YEAR NON- ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY IN HANOI (Nghiên cứu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để nâng cao kỹ nói tiếng Anh sinh viên năm thứ hai không chuyên ngữ trường đại học Hà Nội) Minor Program Thesis Field : English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Hanoi- 2021 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES PHẠM THỊ THIỆN A STUDY ON USING GROUP WORK ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF THE SECOND YEAR NON- ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY IN HANOI (Nghiên cứu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để nâng cao kỹ nói tiếng Anh sinh viên năm thứ hai không chuyên ngữ trường đại học Hà Nội) Minor Program Thesis Field: English Language Teaching Code: 8140231.01 Supervisor: PhD Mai Thị Loan Hanoi- 2021 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “A study on using group work activities to improve speaking skills of the second year non- English major students at a university in Hanoi” (Nghiên cứu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để nâng cao kỹ nói tiếng Anh sinh viên năm thứ hai không chuyên ngữ trường đại học Hà Nội) submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the Faculty of Post Graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Except where reference indicated, no other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Ha noi, 2021 Phạm Thị Thiện Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Date: i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Mai Thị Loan PhD, for her inspiring me to this research If it had not been for her helpful material supply as well as invaluable guidance, insightful comments and kind support, my thesis would not have been accomplished I also wish to thank all my lecturers in Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Postgraduate Department for their precious lectures, which are partly applied in this study I am indebted to my friends both at home and abroad for their suggestion, encouragement and enthusiasm in helping me distribute the survey questionnaires and collect information for the study Finally, I owe the completion of this study to my family: my parents, my relatives and especially my husband who gave me understanding and encouragement throughout the study ii ABSTRACT The use of group work activities is considered an effective method in teaching speaking for students However, not many researches projected have been carried to examine its effectiveness For the purpose, this study was set out to investigate the use of group work activities to develop speaking skill for second year students learning English as a foreign language in a university in Hanoi The researcher used tests, teaching diaries and questionnaires as research instruments Findings indicated the effectiveness of group work activities in students' improvement in their speaking performance and students had positive attitudes towards group work activities and consider it as an effective way to help them improve their speaking skills However, students also encountered some problems when working in group, in which their low- level speaking ability is the biggest hindering to them in group work From that, some recommendations for better using group work activities in speaking lessons were given for teachers to use in their classes iii ABBREVIATIONS ALC: Active Language Classrooms CLT: Communicative Language Learning ELT: English Language Teaching ESL: English as a Second Language Ss: Students iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i Approved by i SUPERVISOR .i (Signature and full name) i Date: i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .1 1.1 Rationale of the study 1.2 Aim and objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Method of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study .4 1.7 Organization of the research CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 An overview of speaking skills 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 The role of speaking in teaching and learning 2.1.3 Characteristics of a successful speaking activity .8 2.1.4 Factors affecting students' performance in speaking activities .9 2.1.5 Activities in speaking lessons 10 2.1.6 Traditional ways of teaching speaking 12 v C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 2.1.7 Stages in a speaking lesson 15 2.2 Overview of Communicative Language Teaching Method .16 2.2.1 Definition 16 2.2.2 Characteristics of Communicative Language Teaching method .18 2.2.3 The roles of teachers and learners in the classroom .19 2.3 Overview of group work in speaking lessons 20 2.3.1 Definition of group work 20 2.3.2 Group work formation .21 2.3.3 Common group work activities in teaching speaking 23 2.5 Previous studies on group work 29 2.6 Summary 33 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .35 3.1 Action research 35 3.1.1 Definition of action research 35 3.1.2 Rationale of using action research 36 3.1.3 Steps to conduct .36 3.2 Research setting 39 3.3.1 Teachers' diaries .40 3.3.2 Questionnaires 41 3.3.3 Tests 42 3.4 Data collection procedures 45 3.5 Data analysis method 46 3.6 Summary 47 CHAPTER DATA ANALYSIS 48 4.1 Analysis of teacher's diaries 48 4.2 Analysis of the questionnaire .51 4.2.1 Students' opinions about learning speaking through using group work activities 51 4.2.3 Students' reaction to classroom to the classroom atmosphere in speaking lesson using group work activities 52 vi Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 4.2.4 Students' preference of types of group work activities in speaking class 53 4.2.5 Students' opinion about preference of techniques to motivate students in class 53 4.2.6 Students' problems in group work activities 54 4.2.7 Students' opinions on better group work activities 56 4.2.8 Students' opinion on group work formation 58 4.3 Analysis of test 58 4.3.1 Comparison between pretest scores of experimental group and control group 59 4.3.2 Comparison between post-test cores of experimental group and control group 60 4.3.3 Comparison between pre- test and post- test scores of experimental group and control group .61 4.4 Summary 62 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .63 5.1 Recapitulation 63 5.2 Concluding remarks 64 5.3 Pedagogical implications 66 5.4 Limitations of the study 68 REFERENCES 70 APPENDICES LXXIV vii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Students' opinions about learning speaking skills through group work activities 51 Table 4.2 Students' evaluation of their speaking skills after lessons using group work activities 51 Table 4.3 Students' preference of group work activities in speaking class 53 Table 4.4 Mean and standard deviation (Pre- test) 59 Table 4.5 Mean and standard deviation (Post- test) 61 Table 4.6 Descriptive statistics for the pre- test scores of experimental group and control group .61 viii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Activity 2: Game "Perfect couple" - Work in group Each student gets one card - Students in group A read aloud one telephone expression - Students in group B listen and give the correct response to make perfect couples Activity 3: Telephone conversation - Work in pairs - Complete the conversation with given words in the box - Practice the conversation with your partner Activity 4: Making telephone conversation - Work in pairs - Look at the card and make conversation XC Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 4A: PRE- TEST Time: approximately 10 minutes PART 1: INTERVIEW (5-6 minutes) The examiner asks each candidate at least questions What's your name? How you spell your surname (family name)? Are you a student? What you do/ study? Do you like your job/ major? Why? Where are you from? What music you like? What sport you play? Tell me about your family 10 Can you play the piano? PART 2: PEER CONVERSATION (3-4 minutes) The marker introduces the activity and explained instructions to candidates The candidates have asked and answered their question about the given visual materials Card 1: Student A Student B XCI Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Card 2: Student A Student B XCII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 4B: POST- TEST Time: approximately 10 minutes PART 1: INTERVIEW (5-6 minutes) The examiner asks the candidates at least questions How much homework does the teacher give you? What subject you study at school? When will you go back to your hometown? How long have you lived here? Tell me about your house or flat Tell me about your favorite CD How often you see your friends? What you like doing with your friends? How many holidays you have every year? 10 What was your best holiday? Why? PART 2: PEER CONVERSATION (3-4 minutes) The marker introduces the activity and explained instructions to candidates The candidates have asked and answered their question about the given visual materials Card 1: Student A Student B XCIII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Card 2: Student A Student B XCIV Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 5: TEST SPECIFICATION Test purpose This test is designed to measure the English- speaking ability of non- major English students in a university This test measures the candidates' English speaking ability for an action research Target Language use domain English as a foreign language In this area, English is not used on a daily basis and learners are learning the language for communication with other nonnative speakers Definition of constructs to be measured - The ability to achieve a given task using spoken language proficiency - Confident and fluent use of language Characteristics of the test taker The candidates of this test are the second year students with marketing major at a university with an average age of 19 These students are mostly beginner ESL students (A1 level in Common Framework of Reference for Languages) The first language of these students is their mother tongue, Vietnamese They are of various cultural background and come from different regions of Vietnam They are learning English as the foreign language Test structure and sequence The test consits of a series of tasks which are delivered in person The candiates is tested in pairs and evaluated by a marker The candidate will be delivered the questions and have 3-4 minutes for preparation before taking the test There are three parts in the test In the first part, each candidate will individually respond questions given by marker Each candidate are asked five questions related to their family, hometown, school, study, hobby In the second part, two candidates will ask and answer based on the cards provided The candidate responds by speaking directly to the marker and their peer The total of speaking test is 7- minutes for each pair XCV Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Task types Part 1: Interview Topics: Family, hometown, school, study, hobby Part 2: Peer Conversation Addresses: teacher and fellow students Topics: Working day, Appearance, Job, Telephoning, Arrangement, Travel, City and Country, Life experience, The Future Rating scales (attached file) Test delivery The test is delivered in person This means the students are more likely to be influenced by the neighbor's responses Students are informed in advanced of: - test purpose - test format - test types - sample items, with additional guidance from lecturer - rating scales Test marking Candidate will be marked by one marker based on a rating scale provided There are four criteria in marking scales including message content, vocabulary and grammar range, fluency and coherence and attitude and comprehensibility The design of the rating scale has been adapted from the Cambridge English: A2 speaking assessment 10 Score reporting and test results Scores for the test are reported to each individual as an overall final score out of 10 11 Test resource: Tests are taken from Key English Test Extra published by Cambridge University Press (2008) XCVI Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 6: THE FORMULA OF MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION AND MEDIAN Mean • Definition: The sum of the separate scores divided by the total number of students (Heaton: 1998) • The formula: X=(∑X)/N Y= (∑Y)/N • Detail: X: mean of pre-test Y: mean of post-test N: number of scores ∑: the Greek letter sigma is the summation ∑X: the sum of pre-test score ∑Y: the sum of post-test score • Excel formula: AVERAGE (number1, number2… ) Note: Number1, number2, … are to 255 numeric arguments for which you want the average For example: calculating the mean for the pretest of class Marketing 1 Click on cell C4-the location where mean will be entered Click on the Formulas tab Choose More Functions/ Statistical from the ribbon to open the function drop down list Click on Mean in the list to bring up the function‟s dialog box Highlight cells B4 to B29 in the spreadsheet to enter the range into the dialog box Click OK Then, the answer 4.962962963 should appear in cell C4 the complete function= MEAN (B4:B9) appears in the formula bar above the worksheet XCVII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an The Standard Deviation • Definition: The measure which takes account of every single score is the standard deviation The SD is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the mean XCVIII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an • The formula: Standard deviation uses the following formula: Where: x is the sample mean AVERAGE(number1, number2….) N is the sample size • Excel formula: STDEV(number1, number2….) Note: Number1, number2….are to 255 number arguments corresponding to a sample of a population • For example: calculating standard deviation of class Marketing in pre-test Click on cell D5- the location where the standard deviation will be entered Click on the Formulas tab Choose More Function/ Statistical from the ribbon to open the function drop down list Click on STDEV in the list to bring up the function‟s dialog box Highlight cells B5 to B30 in the spreadsheet to enter the range into the dialog box Click OK The answer 1.37 should appear in cell D5 When you click on cell D5 the complete function= STDEV(B5:B30) appears in the formula bar above the worksheet XCIX Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Median • Definition: The median refers to the score gained by the middle candidate in the order of merit (Heaton: 1988) That means half the numbers have values that are greater than the median, and half the numbers have values that are less than the median C Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an • The Formula: Where: Mdn is the median L is the lower limit of the interval containing the median N is the total number of scores is the sum of the frequencies or number of scores up to the interval containing the median fw is the frequency or number of scores within the interval containing the median i is the size or range of the interval • Excel formula: MEDIAN (number1,number2….) Note: Number1, number2….are to 255 numbers for which you want the median For example: calculating the median of class Marketing in pre-test Click on cell E5- the location where median will be entered Click on the Formulas tab Choose More Functions/ Statistical from the ribbon to open the function drop down list Click on MEDIAN in the list to bring up the function‟s dialog box Highlight cells B5 to B30 in the spreadsheet to enter the range into the dialog box Click OK CI Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an CII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX APPENDIX 7A: PHIẾU ĐỒNG THUẬN THAM GIA NGHIÊN CỨU Họ tên: ……………………………………………… Tuổi: …………………………………………………… Tên đề tài tham gia nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để nâng cao kỹ nói tiếng Anh sinh viên năm thứ khơng chuyên ngữ trường đại học Hà Nội Mục đích nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích tìm hiểu tính hiệu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm việc dạy nói cho sinh viên đại học Khoảng thời gian nghiên cứu dự kiến: tuần Số học sinh tham gia nghiên cứu: 54 Phương pháp tiến hành: Bài kiểm tra, nhật ký lớp học, bảng câu hỏi khảo sát Sau giải thích mục đích, quyền lợi nghĩa vụ đối tượng tham gia vào nghiên cứu “Nghiên cứu việc sử dụng hoạt động nhóm để nâng cao kỹ nói tiếng Anh sinh viên năm thứ không chuyên ngữ trường đại học Hà Nội.”, em đồng ý tự nguyện tham gia vào nghiên cứu Em xin tuân thủ quy định nghiên cứu Hà Nội, ngày …tháng… năm…… ………………… Ký tên CIII Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn