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t to UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School Of Business ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi NGUYỄN THỊ HẠNH DUNG pl n ua al n va THE IMPACT OF ONLINE INFORMATION SYSTEM QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON OVERALL INTERNET BANKING SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN VIETNAM ll fu oi m at nh MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2014 t to UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School Of Business ng hi ep w NGUYỄN THỊ HẠNH DUNG n lo ad y th ju THE IMPACT OF ONLINE INFORMATION SYSTEM QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON OVERALL INTERNET BANKING SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN VIETNAM yi pl n ua al n va MASTER OF BUSINESS (Honours) ll fu Supervisor oi m Dr Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt Quế at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2014 ABSTRACT The development of scientific technology, especially the development of the information technology have a strong impact on all aspects of life, economic - social, t to change awareness and method of manufacturing business many areas, many different ng economic sectors And banking is the sector which activate primarily base on modern hi ep information technology is influenced strongly Nowadays, developing internet banking services is the inevitable trend in Vietnam w n Because Internet banking brings the great benefits for customers and the economy, due to lo ad its utility, convenience, promptitude, accurate and secure The banks enhance expressly y th quality of internet banking service to satisfy the customer aim to higher profit ju The success of a internet banking service depend on three dimensions : product, yi pl service quality, technology There are many studies research about the factors impact on al ua internet banking service quality and how to develope them to satisfy the customer 's n demands but in Vietnam very few stuies mentioned to the quality of information va n technology while internet banking service quality depends primarily on information fu ll technology system The customer will not satisfy with internet banking service quality if m oi the information technology system don’t operate well and trouble happen frequently on that, the study was conducted to research "The impact of online at nh Based z information system quality dimensions on overall internet banking service quality z vb and customer satisfaction in Vietnam” jm ht The study was conducted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method and k multiple linear regression (MLR) for measuring model The survey questionnaires were gm transfer to a sample of 250 consumers who has used internet banking services in l.c Vietnam The result revealed that six dimensions of online Information system quality om including Aesthetic, Timeliness, Contents, Ease of use, Security, Accuracy are important an Lu dimensions impact on customer satisfaction in using Internet banking and Accuracy is the most important dimensions Based on the results of research, the author hopes that the ey service in Vietnam internet banking t re banking service quality to carry out effective solutions to develop n va bank managers realized the big influence of information system quality on internet TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT t to LIST OF FIGURES ng hi ep CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research background w n Problem statement lo 1.2 ad Research objectives 10 1.4 Significance of the research 10 1.5 Research scope and methodology 11 ju y th 1.3 yi pl ua al n 1.5.1 Research scope 11 va n 1.5.2 Research methodology 11 fu Thesis structure 12 ll 1.6 oi m at nh CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW and THEORETICAL MODEL 14 z 2.1 Online information system quality 14 z ht vb 2.1.1 Definition of online information system quality 14 k jm 2.1.2 Dimensions of online information system quality 14 gm 2.2 Overall internet banking service quality 15 l.c 2.2.1Servicequalityconcept 16 om an Lu 2.2.2Overall internet banking service quality concept 17 2.2.3Impact ofonline information system quality dimensions onoverall internet 2.3.1 Customer satisfaction definition 24 2.3.2Customer satisfaction in internet banking context 25 ey Customer Satisfaction 24 t re 2.3 n va banking service quality 20 2.3.3 Impact of overall internet banking service quality on customer satisfaction in E-banking context 26 t to 2.4 Theoretical model and hypothesis 28 ng Summary: 28 hi ep CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29 w 3.1 Research Process 29 n lo Measurement Scales 30 ad 3.2 y th 3.2.1 Measurement of online information systems quality dimensions 30 ju yi 3.2.2 Measurement of overall internet banking service quality: 33 pl n ua al 3.2.3 Measurementof customersatisfaction 33 Questionaire design 34 3.4 Pilot study 35 3.5 Main survey 35 n va 3.3 ll fu oi m nh at 3.5.1Data collection method 35 z z 3.5.2Sampling method 35 vb Data analysis techniques 37 k 3.6 jm ht 3.5.3Sample size 36 gm om l.c 3.6.1 Testing of reliability 37 3.6.2 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 38 an Lu 3.6.3Multiple regression analysis 38 n va CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS RESULT 40 4.2 Testing reliability of measurement scales 41 4.3 Exploratory factor analysis 42 ey Sample description 40 t re 4.1 4.3.1 Testing measurement scales of online information system quality 42 4.3.2 Testing measurement scales of overall internetbanking service quality 46 t to 4.3.3 Testing measurement scales of Customer Satisfaction 48 ng Testing correlations between all constructs 49 4.5 Testing research model and hypothesis 49 hi 4.4 ep w 4.5.1The relationship between online information system quality dimensions n lo ad and overall internetbanking service quality 49 y th 4.5.2 The relationship between Overall internet banking service quality and ju yi Customer Satisfaction 52 pl al Discussions of research findings 54 n ua 4.6 n va CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 56 Conclusions 56 5.2 Managerial implications 56 5.3 Limitations and Recommendation for further research 58 ll fu 5.1 oi m at nh z z REFERENCE 60 vb k jm ht APPENDIX 69 om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re LISTOFTABLES Table 3.1: Measurementof aesthetics Table 3.2:Measurementof timeliness t to Table 3.3: Measurementof the content ng Table 3.4:Measurementof ease of use hi ep Table 3.5:Measurementof security Table 3.6: Measurementof accuracy w n Table 3.7: Measurement of overall internet banking service quality lo ad Table 3.8: Measurement of customersatisfaction y th Table 3.9: The sample size ju Table 3.10: Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient yi pl Table 4.1: Demographic Characteristics of the Study al ua Table 4.2: KMO and Bartlett's Test n Table 4.3: KMO and Bartlett’s Test va n Table 4.4: Rotated Component Matrixa ll oi m Table 4.6: Rotated Comonent Matrix fu Table 4.5: KMO and Bartlett’s Test at nh Table 4.7: KMO and Bartlett’s Test z Table 4.8: Total Variance Explained z Table 4.9: Component Matrixa jm ht vb Table 4.10: KMO and Bartlett's Test and Component Matrix k Table 4.11:ANOVAb l.c gm Table 4.12:Model Summaryb Table 4.13: Coefficientsa om Table 4.14:Model Summaryb an Lu Table 4.15:ANOVAb Table 4.16:Coefficientsa n va ey t re LIST OF FIGURES Figure1:Themodelof research t to Figure2:Themodelof researchprocess ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the problems are discussed such as introducing the role and t to importance of internet banking in the banking industry; internet banking ‘s situation in ng VietNam; research objectives, scope and methodology Many researchers have hi ep discussed about internet banking but most of them has not focused on online information system quality dimensions that affect customer satisfaction in internet banking And the w n cause the thesis was chosen lo Research background ad 1.1 y th Internet banking could be conceptualized within the context of electronic banking ju Internet banking is the situation where “customers can access their bank account via the yi pl Internet using a PC or mobile phone and web-browser” (V.A Zeithaml et al.,2002, p.2) al ua Currently, Internet banking relies on the Internet environment, service is provided n entirely through the network environment and there is combining commercial banking va n system and traditional electronic goods, such as the distribution of products and services fu ll on the old new distribution channels In recent years, Internet banking has grown m oi worldwide with fast speed This service is also considered as retail distribution channels at nh and it is the most successful banking services in terms of growth rate of number of z customers Internet banking allows customers to use the service through the bank’s z vb website anytime, anywhere, quickly, conveniently at a lower cost than other traditional jm ht services of banks (White and Nteli, 2004) Internet banking enables customers to save k time, take control of their personal finances and even help the environment by opting to gm receive electronic statements Customer can access accounts and general information on l.c bank products and services through a personal computer or other intelligent device om Internet banking products and services can include detailed account information for an Lu corporate customers as well as account summary and transfer money Internet Banking helps banks save up human resources by multiple steps have been business sector, support the strengthening relationship with customers (Shih and Fang, ey operating costs, reduce dependence on the expansion of the branch network, expanding t re reputation has been enhanced.For the banks, internet banking also allows them to reduce n customers And so, not the profits of the bank increased but more importantly, their va automated but still ensure for provide high quality services to a large number of their 2004).Through Internet Banking, communication and transactions between banks and customers has also been speeded up Moreover, intense pressure of uncertain economic outlook, a growing threat from new entrants foster each banks to differentiate themselves t to to compete with both local and foreign banks Therefore, the decision to provide Internet ng Banking is currently perceived as vital for customer retention and maintaining hi ep competitive advantage (DeYoung and Duffy, 2002) According to Gartner Group report, the growth rate of online banking services in w n the U.S is very high, from ten million users in 1999 to thirty -five million users in 2003 lo ad According to the report of the organization, online banking services are also used similar y th popularity in the U.S., in 2009, approximately 30-40 % of the UK population currently ju use this service In Brazil, there are about 18.1 million users of online banking services in yi pl 2004 It is compared with 8.3 million users in 2002, including 16.2 million user accounts al ua are individual subscribers Here, these financial sites are always be the sites traffic and n most used, with the figure of 50 % of the total 13.5 million Internets account login va n regularly (Vichuda and Serap Ekin, 2001) Moreover, if the only consideration in 2004, fu ll the Bank of Brazil has invested about 2.1 billion dollars in the technology sector m oi (Febraban, 2004), including the development of online banking services and a number of at nh other areas z Starting in 1994, internet banking in Vietnam was built on the foundation of z vb information technology and banking technology at a low level, only allowing customers jm ht to access to get information and makesimple payments In just a short time, the level of k information technology in our country has made significant improvement, it leads to the gm rapid development of the industries applied the information technology such as banking l.c sector.In recent years,internetbanking services is growing more aggressive and having om strong shifts However, internet banking in Vietnam is only in the early stages of an Lu development and was monotonous, meager and not attract many customers Non-cash payment in Vietnam is still low, the proportion of cash used in bank circulation / total ey Vietnamese are low is one of the reasons for extending banking services difficultly t re in using VND, foreign currencies and the understanding of banking services by n countries in the region such as Thailand (6.3%), China (9.7%) Psychology preferred cash va means of payment is ranged between 24-25% This rate is much higher than other t to Time to fix the error transactions which happen quickly 10 Time to log in internet banking is short 11 Time to get result of transaction is short ng Contents hi III ep 5 Website show all information about services of internet banking clearly and easy to understand 12 w n You can interrogate all your personal information and transaction information on website 14 Functions of website satisfied almosts your needs 15 New services of internet banking were updated on website regularly lo 13 ad ju y th yi pl Ease of Use n va You can use services of internet banking by many ways such as: n 16 ua al IV ll fu website or on mobile phone oi m nh It’s easy step to log in to internet banking website 18 It’s simple to be supplied internet banking services by the banks 19 It’s easy to identifyand track utilities of internet banking services V Security at 17 z z k jm ht vb 23 At your using process, it’s rarely to happen problem and mistake of transmission 71 ey Accuracy t re VI n Your pesonal information and financial information are highly secured when you using internet banking services va 22 an Lu The internet banking services which you have beeing using, supplied many layers of security when you handling a financial transaction om 21 l.c You feel trust when transaction via internet banking gm 20 24 Your transactions are handled accurately 25 Your personnal informations and transaction informations are showed particularly and accurately t to VII Overall internet banking service quality 5 ng hi ep 26 Nowaday, the services of internet banking satisfy your needs w n The bank’s online supports help you avoid risks when the transaction problem happen to internet banking system lo 28 27 Quality of internet banking services is vere high ad y th Satisfaction ju VIII yi pl ua al You are satisfied with internet banking services which you using 30 You prefer to use internet banking services to use direct transactions at the bank 31 You are going to use internet banking services in the future n 29 n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re 72 Appendix t to No Name AES1 ng hi ep Measure Website was designed to help you identify almost internet banking services Website’s interface is spectacular, AES2 Simple designment of website help you w AES3 Scale Scale attractive Label Scale n make transactions quickly lo TIM1 ad Time to fix the error transactions which TIM2 Time to log in internet banking is short TIM3 Time to get result of transaction is short CON1 Website show all information about services of internet banking clearly and easy to understand CON2 You can interrogate all your personal information and transaction information on website CON3 Functions of website satisfied almosts your needs 10 CON4 New services of internet banking were updated on website regularly Scale ju y th happen quickly yi Scale pl n ua al Scale va Scale n ll fu oi m at nh Scale z z gm by many ways such as: website or on mobile phone an Lu Scale om USE1 l.c You can use services of internet banking 11 k Scale jm ht vb Scale n va It’s easy step to log in to internet banking website Scale 13 USE3 It’s simple to be supplied internet banking services by the banks Scale 73 ey USE2 t re 12 t to USE4 It’s easy to identifyand track utilities of internet banking services Scale 15 SEC1 You feel trust when transaction via internet banking Scale SEC2 The internet banking services which you have beeing using, supplied many layers of security when you handling a financial transaction Scale Your pesonal information and financial information are highly secured when you using internet banking services Scale ng 14 hi ep 16 w n lo SEC3 ad 18 ACC1 At your using process, it’s rarely to happen problem and mistake of transmission 19 ACC2 17 ju y th yi pl Scale ua al n Your transactions are handled accurately n va Scale fu ACC3 21 IBQ1 Quality of internet banking services is vere Scale high 22 IBQ2 Nowaday, the services of internet banking satisfy your needs 23 IBQ3 The bank’s online supports help you avoid risks when the transaction problem happen Scale to internet banking system 24 SAT1 You are satisfied with internet banking services which you using 25 SAT2 You prefer to use internet banking services Scale to use direct transactions at the bank 26 SAT3 You are going to use internet banking services in the future Scale 27 AES Aesthetics Sum of AES1, AES2 and AES3 ll 20 Your personnal informations and transaction informations are showed particularly and accurately oi m Scale at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm Scale an Lu n va ey t re 74 Scale 28 TIM Timeliness Sum of TIM1, TIM2 and TIM3 29 CON Contents USE Ease of use SEC Security Sum of SEC1, SEC2 and SEC3 Accuracy Sum of ACC1, ACC2 and ACC3 Sum of CON1, CON2, CON3 and CON4 t to ng 30 Sum of USE1, USE2, USE3 and hi USE4 ep 31 33 IBQ 34 SAT Satisfaction n ACC ad w 32 lo Sum of IBQ1, IBQ2 and IBQ3 ju y th Overall internet banking service quality Sum of SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3 yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re 75 Appendix Cronbach's Alpha Measures of Variables in the Study Variables Scale Mean if Scale Variance Corrected Cronbach's t to ng hi ep if Item Deleted Item-Total Alpha if Item 1.474 495 878 AES2 7.4783 1.561 745 608 AES3 7.4734 1.454 682 650 7.5121 1.513 793 822 7.3575 1.629 724 881 1.451 813 802 4.436 622 634 600 860 689 593 Item Deleted Aestheti: Alpha = 0.786 AES1 7.4734 w n lo Timeliness: Alpha = 0.885 ju yi TIM3 y th TIM2 ad TIM1 7.4396 pl 10.4976 CON2 10.5459 4.103 669 CON3 10.6329 4.903 251 CON4 10.4396 4.150 n CON1 va ua al Contents: Alpha = 0.739 n ll fu oi m 807 764 at 732 z nh Ease of use: Alpha = 0.857 USE1 11.5459 5.744 11.6377 5.572 823 USE3 11.7343 7.914 508 USE4 11.5604 5.937 770 z USE2 jm ht vb 888 789 k 1.585 832 684 SEC2 7.6522 1.781 664 851 SEC3 7.6570 1.896 682 831 Accuracy: Alpha = 0.823 771 ACC2 7.8986 3.082 664 772 ACC3 7.6812 2.985 711 727 Overall internet banking service quality: Alpha = 0.710 IBQ1 7.3816 1.383 532 76 628 ey 671 t re 2.660 n 7.8792 va ACC1 an Lu 7.5797 om SEC1 l.c gm Security: Alpha = 0.852 IBQ2 7.5797 1.750 528 626 IBQ3 7.4831 1.639 540 607 Customer Satisfaction: Alpha = 0.764 t to ng hi ep SAT1 7.5024 1.698 581 707 SAT2 7.5459 2.006 624 664 SAT3 7.4348 1.810 596 682 w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re 77 Appendix Total Variance Explained Extraction t to Initial Eigenvalues Sums of Squared Loadings ng hi ep % onent Total Variance % Total Variance % 6.578 34.621 34.621 6.578 34.621 34.621 2.087 10.982 45.603 2.087 10.982 45.603 10.228 55.831 1.943 10.228 55.831 64.738 1.692 8.907 64.738 71.095 1.208 6.357 71.095 77.154 1.151 6.060 77.154 Comp w of Cumulative % of Cumulative n ad 1.943 ju y th lo 1.692 8.907 1.208 6.357 1.151 6.060 677 3.565 539 2.839 83.558 496 2.611 86.169 10 423 2.228 88.396 11 370 1.949 90.346 12 330 1.738 92.083 13 293 1.541 93.625 14 280 1.471 95.096 15 241 1.271 96.367 16 224 1.181 97.547 17 174 915 98.463 18 152 802 99.265 19 140 735 100.000 yi pl n ua al n va 80.719 ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va 78 ey Analysis t re Extraction Method: Principal Component Appendix Rotated Component Matrixa t to Component USE2 880 109 122 835 hi ng ep USE4 w 831 471 y th 436 308 276 281 120 yi pl 808 363 209 107 434 144 822 188 n va 900 851 112 ACC1 188 AES2 160 150 AES3 145 205 z 263 113 z ACC3 at 122 871 134 nh 198 880 oi ACC2 m 192 136 ll 115 146 fu 802 116 CON2 209 n CON4 138 ua 207 al 159 CON1 127 162 161 192 238 133 TIM2 SEC2 151 154 872 111 192 178 128 SEC3 890 TIM1 SEC1 192 ju TIM3 121 128 ad AES1 117 lo USE3 n USE1 141 813 897 118 874 Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization n va a Rotation converged in iterations an Lu Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis om 139 l.c 224 gm 773 k 107 127 jm 185 ht 813 vb 105 ey t re 79 Appendix Total Variance Explained t to Extraction ng hi Initial Eigenvalues ep Comp % of Squared Loadings of Cumulative % of Cumulativ Variance % Total Variance e% 34.261 34.261 6.167 34.261 34.261 2.085 11.584 45.845 2.085 11.584 45.845 1.931 10.727 56.572 1.931 10.727 56.572 1.662 9.232 65.804 1.662 9.232 65.804 1.205 6.694 72.498 1.205 6.694 72.498 1.147 6.375 1.147 6.375 78.872 580 3.224 82.096 507 2.814 84.910 444 2.467 87.377 10 375 2.086 89.463 11 330 1.835 91.298 12 295 1.639 92.937 13 292 1.623 94.560 14 248 1.376 95.935 15 225 1.248 97.184 16 189 1.051 98.235 17 174 966 99.201 18 144 799 100.000 w onent Total Sums n ad ju y th 6.167 lo yi pl n ua al n va 78.872 ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va 80 ey Analysis t re Extraction Method: Principal Component Appendix Total Variance Explained t to Extraction ng hi Com Initial Eigenvalues ep pone of Squared Loadings of Cumulative % of Cumulative Total Variance % Total Variance % 5.746 33.799 33.799 5.746 33.799 33.799 2.070 12.176 45.974 2.070 12.176 45.974 1.922 11.307 57.281 1.922 11.307 57.281 1.653 67.002 1.653 9.721 67.002 1.178 6.932 73.934 1.178 6.932 73.934 1.135 6.678 1.135 6.678 80.613 511 3.008 83.621 447 2.628 86.248 376 2.209 88.457 10 334 1.965 90.422 11 324 1.908 92.329 12 294 1.730 94.060 13 262 1.539 95.599 14 225 1.325 96.924 15 190 1.117 98.041 16 174 1.024 99.065 17 159 935 100.000 w nt % Sums n lo ad ju y th yi pl 9.721 n ua al n va 80.613 ll fu oi m at nh z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n Principal va Method: z Extraction t re Component Analysis ey 81 Appendix Correlations IBQ USE TIM CON SEC ACC AES t to ng 755** 543** 482** 384** 495** 565** 457** IBQ Pearson Correlation hi ep Sig (2-tailed) N SAT 207 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 w 452** 396** 271** 410** 663** 431** n SAT Pearson Correlation 755** lo ad Sig (2-tailed) ju y th N 000 207 207 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 207 274** 237** 315** 500** 351** yi USE Pearson Correlation 543** 452** pl 000 N 207 000 ua al Sig (2-tailed) 207 n 207 000 001 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 va 195** 373** 294** 396** n TIM Pearson Correlation 482** 396** 274** 207 207 207 nh 207 oi N 000 m 000 ll 000 fu Sig (2-tailed) 005 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 195** 269** 202** at CO Pearson Correlation 384** 271** 237** 195** z 000 001 005 N 207 207 207 207 207 005 000 003 207 207 207 jm ht 000 vb Sig (2-tailed) z N k SEC Pearson Correlation 495** 410** 315** 373** 195** 000 000 005 N 207 207 207 207 207 207 000 001 207 207 000 000 000 000 000 N 207 207 207 207 207 207 000 207 207 000 000 000 000 003 001 000 N 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 82 207 ey Sig (2-tailed) t re AES Pearson Correlation 457** 431** 351** 396** 202** 222** 343** n 000 va Sig (2-tailed) 343** an Lu ACC Pearson Correlation 565** 663** 500** 294** 269** 345** om 000 l.c 000 gm Sig (2-tailed) 345** 222** Correlations IBQ USE TIM CON SEC ACC AES 755** 543** 482** 384** 495** 565** 457** t to IBQ Pearson Correlation ng Sig (2-tailed) hi ep N SAT 207 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 SAT Pearson Correlation 755** 452** 396** 271** 410** 663** 431** w n 000 lo Sig (2-tailed) ad N 207 207 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 207 y th 274** 237** 315** 500** 351** ju USE Pearson Correlation 543** 452** 000 pl al 207 000 207 207 ua N yi Sig (2-tailed) 000 001 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 207 195** 373** 294** 396** n TIM Pearson Correlation 482** 396** 274** n va N 207 207 000 207 207 005 000 000 000 207 207 207 207 oi m 000 ll 000 fu Sig (2-tailed) 195** 269** 202** N 005 000 003 207 207 207 at nh CO Pearson Correlation 384** 271** 237** 195** 000 000 001 005 N 207 207 207 207 z Sig (2-tailed) z ht vb 207 000 000 005 N 207 207 207 207 207 000 001 207 207 207 ACC Pearson Correlation 565** 663** 500** 294** 269** 345** 000 000 000 000 000 N 207 207 207 207 207 207 000 207 207 000 000 000 003 001 000 N 207 207 207 207 207 207 207 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2tailed) 83 ey 000 t re Sig (2-tailed) n AES Pearson Correlation 457** 431** 351** 396** 202** 222** 343** va 000 an Lu Sig (2-tailed) 343** om l.c 000 gm 000 k Sig (2-tailed) 345** 222** jm SEC Pearson Correlation 495** 410** 315** 373** 195** 207 Appendix Histogram t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al Scatter Diagrams n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re 84 Appendix 10 Histogram t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu Scatter Diagrams oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re 85
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