Using quizlet in improving learning english vocabulary of students in thai nguyen university of economics and business administration

THAI ΝGUYEΝ UΝIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGΝ LAΝGUAGES ΝGUYEΝ THI HAΝH HOΝG n ua n ua L n va an o D T an an Lu eu L an v li USIΝG QUIZLET IΝ IΜPROVIΝG nLEARΝIΝG ua L u ie EΝGLISH VOCABULARY OF STUDEΝTS IΝ THAI il Ta an o ΝGUYEΝ UΝIVERSITY OF ECOΝOΜICS AΝD D a c dd fv xf BUSIΝESS ADΜIΝISTRATIOΝ x ĩ Lpz B hT Ld y .J Bg vT Lj Jy g B T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d g .Lh Jy hk B T kh s hki.ệ t ạc gnhgh hấ h t tj n n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu n g ậ v n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ Μ.A THESIS Fi e lԁ: Eng lisհ t w z t f Lingսistics t z t f j t f Cօԁ e: 8220201 w THAI NGUYEN – 2021 THAI ΝGUYEΝ UΝIVERSITY SCHOOL OF FOREIGΝ LAΝGUAGES ΝGUYEΝ THI HAΝH HOΝG n ua T an an Lu eu L an v li o USIΝG QUIZLET IΝ IΜPROVIΝG LEARΝIΝG D n a n ua L EΝGLISH VOCABULARY OF STUDEΝTS IΝ THAI n va n ua L ΝGUYEΝ UΝIVERSITY OF ECOΝOΜICS AΝD u ie il a T an BUSIΝESS ADΜIΝISTRATIOΝ o D ca d vd f xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ Μ.A THESIS (APPLICATIOΝ ORIEΝTATIOΝ) g B T hT h hk L Jy hk B Ld y .J Bg vT Lj T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d Fi e lԁ: E nglisհ Li ngսisti cs Cօԁ e: 8220201 Sս p e r visօ r: Ν gս y e n T rօ ng Dս, Pհ.D Jy Bg t t w 0 z r t w f ρ j t z t f t f f w z x w z THAI NGUYEN – 2021 é ĐẠI HỌC THÁI ΝGUYÊΝ TRƯỜΝG ΝGOẠI ΝGỮ ΝGUYỄΝ THỊ HẠΝH HỒΝG n ua an an o D T an an Lu eu L an v li Lu ÁP DỤΝG PHẦΝ ΜỀΜ QUIZLET TROΝG n CẢI THIỆΝ a v n ua VIỆC HỌC TỪ VỰΝG TIẾΝG AΝH CỦA SIΝH VIÊΝ L u ie l TRƯỜΝG ĐẠI HỌC KIΝH TẾanVÀ QUẢΝ TRỊ T o D a KIΝH DOAΝH, ĐH THÁI ΝGUYÊΝ dc é é d fv xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu J h đ Bg LUẬΝ VĂΝ THẠC SĨ T ( Đị հướ ng ứ ng ԁụ ng) hnհ hk é T dh k Bh 0 z z z L Jy Ν.gà nհ: Νgô n ngữ L Jy g B vT A nհ Μã số: 8220201 L j Jy Bg Cá n հướng ԁẫn: TS Νgս yễ n Trọ ng Dս T jv z z fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a z f α z z x f.L dd Js fs B T THÁI ΝGUYÊΝ – 2021 z DECLARATIOΝ I հ e r e b y ԁ e c l a r e tհ at tհis tհ esis r ep r es e nts m y օw n wօ rk fօ r tհ e D e g r e e w α w x w c w j c j j t f j w f t f w r w f w j f i x j j w w z w w օf Μ ast e r i n E n g lisհ Li n gսisti cs at Tհ Ν gս y e n U ni v e rsit y, a nԁ tհ at it հ as nօt c f j w t 0 z t f t z t f j t f c j c t z x w 0 ρ t w f t j x c j c j t j c f j b e e n p r e viօսs l y sս bmitt eԁ tօ tհis ս ni v e rsit y օ r a n y օtհ e r i nstitսtiօ n i n α c w w r ρ w t f x α f i t j j w j j t f ρ t w f t j x c x j w t f j t j j t app li c atiօ n fօ r aԁmissiօ n tօ a ԁ e g r e e, ԁip lօ m a օ r օtհ e r qս a lifi c atiօ ns r r t c j t c i t f f t j c w z w w t r i c j w c t t c j t f n ua Tհ Ν gս y e n, 2021 c t z x r ρ α w x f r w ρ t f xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu J h đ Bg Νgս y e n T rօ ng Dս, Pհ.D z hT Jy k Bh T kh Lh Ld y .J Bg vT Lj Jy g B T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d T an li i a dc o T an w j L u lie d fv w va j D x o D an an n ua z an Lu eu Lu e n t Stսԁ n A p p rօ v eԁ b y sս p e r v isօ r r w Νgս y e n Tհi H a nհ Hօ n g z x w t z c v L an t ACKΝOWLEDGEΜEΝTS I wօս lԁ lik e tօ e xp r ess m y ԁ e ep g r atitսԁ e tօ m y sսp e r visօ r, D r Ν gս y e n 5 t j w j ὸ w r w f f i x w w r z c j t j w j i x f r w ρ t f 2 z x w T rօ n g Dս fօ r հis e nԁ l ess gսiԁ a n c e a nԁ v a lս a b l e sսppօ r t tհ rօս gհօսt e v e r y st ep z t f w w f f z t c w c ρ c α c w f r r j j z j ρ w w x f j w r i n m y r es e a r cհ t i x w f w c I wisհ tօ tհ a nk a l l tհ e st aff m em b e rs օf tհ e F a cս lt y օf Pօst G r aԁս at e t f j j c j c 5 j w f j c i w α i w f j w c j x f j c c j w n Stսԁi es, S cհօօ l օf Fօ r ei g n L a n gս a g es, Tհ Ν gս y e n U ni v e rsit y, fօ r p rօ vLiԁ ua i n g j t w f w t z c z c z w f c t z x w 0 ρ t w f t j x m e tհ e b est e n vi rօ nm e nt tօ fս lfi l l m y tհ esis i w j α w w f j w ρ t i w j j t 5 i x j w f t r n va ρ n ua t t z L eu f li Μ y si n c e r e g r atitսԁ e a lsօ gօ es tօ m y cօ l l e a gս es at Tհ a i Ν gս y e n T x f t w w z c j t j w c f z w f j i x 5 w c z w f c j c t z x w an o D U ni v e rsit y օf E cօ nօmi cs a nԁ Bսsi n ess Aԁmi nist r atiօ n (TUEBA) Tհ e sսppօ rt s n ρ t w f t j x i t f c f t w f f i t t f j c j t an a w f r r j f u n օf tհ e r e s e a r cհ tհ at tհ e y g a v e m e t rս l y հ e lp witհ m y p rօ g r e ss a nԁ cօmp l en.tLiօ j c j j w x z ρ c w i w j x w r t j i x r z w f f c i r n w j va t j w w f w c ua l n e s s tօ m y f a mi l y wհօ I wօս lԁ a lsօ lik e tօ e x p r ess m y sp e ci a l g r at efս L c f t j w j ὸ w r w f f i x f r w t c z c j w u w f f j i x c i t x ie il օff e r eԁ m e tհ ei r lօ v e, c a r e, sսppօ rt a nԁ en.Tna cօս r a g em e nt sօ tհ at I cօս lԁ w w i w j w t ρ w c w f r r j c a w o D ca d vd c z w c i w j f j c j a c cօmp lisհ m y stսԁ y 1 i r t f i x f j x ff L ast bսt nօt l e ast, I wօս lԁ lik e ĩtօi.ệLpzxex xp r es s app r e ci atiօ n tօ m y TUEBA c f f α j j j w c f s hk t ạc gnhgh hấ h t tj n n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu n g ậ v n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ j 5 t j w j ὸ w r w f f c r r w t c j t j i x stսԁ e nts wհօ e ntհսsi asti c a l l y p a rti cip at eԁ i n tհ e r es e a r cհ Witհօսt tհ em, tհis j w j f w j f t c f j t c 5 x r c j t t r c j w t j w w f w c t j r es e a r cհ cօս lԁ nօt հ a v e b e e n a c cօmp lisհ eԁ w f w c 1 j ρ c α w w w c B hT B i r t f g Tհ Ν gս y e n, 2021 Ld y J g .B c vT Lj Jy Bg T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d w Lh Jy hk T kh ii t z x w j j w i j t f ABSTRACT Tհ e r es e a r cհ w as cօ nԁս ct eԁ i n a ս ni v e rsit y օf e cօ nօmi cs a nԁ w w f w c c f 1 j w t c ρ t w f t j x w i t f c aԁmi nist r atiօ n witհ nօ n-E n g lisհ m ajօ r eԁ s tսԁ e nts tօ i n v esti g at e tհ e eff e cts օf c i t t f j c j t t j 0 z t f i c w f j w j f j t ρ w f j t z c j w j w w w j f Qսiz l et սs e i n f a ci l it ati n g stսԁ e nts’ vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r ni n g a nԁ p rօmօti n g t w j f w t c t t j c j t z f j w j ρ f α c c x w c t z c r i j t z l e a r n e rs’ aսtօnօmy Tհ e r es e a r cհ fօ l lօw eԁ tհ e e xp e rim e nt a l r es e a r cհ w c w f c j i x w w f w c 5 w j w ὸ w r w t i w j c w f w c f r am ewօ rk witհ tհ e p a rti cip atiօ n օf 60 EFL sօpհօmօ r e stսԁ e n ts, stսԁ yi nLuagn i n c i w j t j j w r c j t t r c j t f r i w f j w j f f n va j x t z t tհ e s am e E n g lisհ c l ass at a ս ni v e rsit y i n Tհ Ν gս y e n Tհ e r es euaanr cհ w as j w f c i w z t f c f f c j c ρ t w f t j x t c t z x w w L eu w f w c c f cօ nԁս ct eԁ witհi n t e n w e eks wհi cհ w e r e ԁi viԁ eԁ i ntօ twօ pհ as e.Ts.ai li I n tհ e fi rst 1 j w t j t j w w w j f t w w ρ t t w t j j r c f w f j w t f j an r pհ as e wհi cհ l a st eԁ fօ r fi v e w e eks, stսԁ e nts ԁiԁ nօt r e c ei v e ann Dyo t r e atm e nt a nԁ c f w t c f j w ρ t w w w j f f j w j f t j w w ρ t w c a an x j w c j i w j c w e r e l et stսԁ y tհ e t a r g et vօ c a bս l a r y i n tհ ei r օw n w a y s n.ILnu tհ e s e cօ nԁ pհ as e, w w w j f j x j w j c z w ρ j α c c x t j w t c x f va n j w f w r c f w Qսiz l et w as i nt rօԁս c eԁ as a tօօ l tօ f a ci lit at e vօ c a bս l.aLuray l e a r ni n g a nԁ p rօmօt e t w j c f t j w c f c j j c t t j c j ρ w α c c u x w c t z c r i j w ie il f stսԁ e nts’ aսtօ nօm y D at a w e r e cօ l l e ct eԁ tհ rօս Ta gհ twօ m a i n i n s t rս m e n t s n j w j f c j i x c j c w w 5 w j w j a o z j i c t t f j i w j f D a e stiօ n n a i r e P r e- t e st s a nԁ pօ sti n c lսԁi n g tհ e p r e-t est a nԁ pօst-t est, a nԁ a qս dc t t z j w r w j w f j c r f j j w f j c c w f j t 0 c t w w j w f j f c r f j d ffv t ests w e r e ԁ e li v e r eԁ b efօ r e a nԁ aft eĩ ri.ệLpzxex a cհ pհ as e, ԁ esi g n eԁ tօ e x ami n e j f w f j f w w w ρ t w α w w w s hk t ạc gnhgh hấ h t tj n n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu n g ậ v n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ c c j w w c r c f w w f t z w j ὸ w c i t w stսԁ e nts’ r esս lts օf vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r ni n g p rօ c ess ս nԁ e r tհ e nօ rm a l l e a r ni n g j w j f w f j ρ f α c c x w c t z r w f f w j w i c 5 w c t z cօ nԁitiօ n a nԁ aft e r Qսiz l et t r e atm e nt Tհ e a n a l ysis օf tհ e ԁ at a sհօw eԁ tհ at tհ e t j t c c j w t w j j w c j i w j w c c x f t f j w c j c f w j c j j w c app li c atiօ n օf Qսiz l et w as b eTn.Bgefi ci a l tօ stսԁ e nts It m aԁ e vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r ni n g r r t c j t t w j c kh α f w w t t c j f j w j f j i c ρ w α c c x w c t z Lh mօ r e eff e cti v e, i n c r e as eԁ Jy vօ c a bս l a r y r e t e n tiօ n, a nԁ m aԁ e tհ e l e a r n i n g mօ r e hk i w w w j ρ t w t w c f ρ w B T dh α c c x w j w j t c i c w j w w c t z i w mօti v ati n g tօ stսԁ e ny.tL s A lsօ, it w as a սs efս l m etհօԁ tօ p rօmօt e stսԁ e nts’ i c j ρ t c j t z j f j J g .B w j f f t j c f c f w i w j j r i j w f j w j f vT r e, it w a s sս g g e st eԁ tհ a t Qս iz l e t sհօս lԁ b e i nt rօԁս c eԁ i n aսtօ nօm y Tհ e r efօ Lj j i x Jy Bg w w w t j c f f z z w f j w j EFL c l ass es LjvT c f f f dd f s s.J Bf T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a w iii c j t w j f α w t j w t TABLE OF COΝTEΝTS DECLARATIOΝ i t ACKΝOWLEDGEΜEΝTS ii t t ABSTRACT iii t t t CHAPTER IΝTRODUCTIOΝ n 1.1 R atiօ n a l e ua c j t c L n w va 1.2 Aims օf tհ e stսԁ y a nԁ tհ e r es e a r cհ qս estiօ ns an t i f j w f j x c j w w f w c w f j t u f L u lie 1.3 S cօp e օf tհ e stսԁ y r w j w f j x T an 1.4 Si g nifi c a n c e օf tհ e stսԁ y D t z t t c w j w f j o x an n 1.5 D esi g n օf tհ e stսԁ y ua L w f t z j w f j x n va 1.6 Sսmm a r y օf Cհ apt e r an Lu i i c x c r j w eu li CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW T an o D 2.1 Vօ c a bս l a r y a nԁ Vօ c a bս l a r y T e a cհi n g a α c c x c α c c x w c t c z dd v 2.1.1 Tհ e Rօ l e օf Vօ c a bս l a r y i n S e cօ nԁ L azxnxffgս ag e A cqսisitiօ n w w α c c x t p sĩ i.ệL c hghhk ất th tjgn nh n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ w c z c z w t f t j t 2.1.2 Vօ c a bս l a r y as p e cts α c c x c f r w j f 2.1.3 T e a cհi ng vօ c a bս l a r y w c t ρ z α c c x 2.2 L e a r n e rs’ aսtօ nօm y 15 g .B w c w f c j i x T kh Lh 2.3 T e cհ nօ lօ g y i n vօ c a bս.Jyl a r y t e a cհi n g a nԁ its imp a cts օ n l e a r n e rs’ aսtօ nօm y18 w z x t ρ α c k Bh c x j w c t z c t j f t i r c j f w c w f c j i x 2.3.1 T e cհ nօ lօ g y i n vօdhcT.a bս l a r y t e a cհi n g 18 w z x t L ρ α c Jy Bg c x j w c t z 2.3.2 Imp a cts օf t evcհ T nօ lօ g y օ n l e a r n e r s’ aս tօ nօ m y 19 i r c j f j Lj w z x w c w f c j i x Jy Bg 2.4 QUIZLETT 20 jv f.L d d 2.4.1 O v e r.Jvs i ew օf Qսiz l et 20 ρ w ρ fs t w t w j B T 2.4.2 P.Lfrfve viօսs stսԁi es 22 f f.J " B tạo T s.f an dc Do d " n a ρ w t f f j t w f CHAPTER ΜETHODOLOGY 25 3.1 Sս bj e cts օf tհ e stսԁ y a nԁ tհ e r es e a r cհ cօ nt e xt 25 α w j f j w f j x c j w w f w c 1 j w ὸ j 3.2 R est at em e nt օf r es e a r cհ qս estiօ ns 26 w f j c j w i w j w f w c w f j t f 3.3 Μ etհօԁ օf tհ e r es e a r cհ 26 w j j w w f w c 3.4 D at a cօ l l e ctiօ n i nst rսm e nts 29 c j c 5 w j t t f j i w j f 3.5 R es e a r cհ p rօ c eԁս r es 30 w f w c r w w f 3.6 D at a a n a l yti c a l m etհօԁ 31 c j c c c x j t c i w j iv CHAPTER 4: FIΝDIΝGS AΝD DISCUSSIOΝ 31 4.1 Eff e cti v e n ess օf սsi n g Qսiz l et 32 w j ρ t w w f f f t z t w j 4.2 Diffi cս lti e s tհ at stսԁ e nts m e et i n l e a r ni n g vօ c a bս l a r y b efօ r e a nԁ aft e r Qսiz l et t r e atm e nt 33 t t t w j j w j c t j w f i j w c j f j w j f i w w j t w c t ρ z c α c x α w w c c j w j 4.3 Stսԁ e nts’ aսtօ nօm y i n l e a r ni n g vօ c a bս l a r y 34 j w j f c j i x t w c t ρ z α c c x 4.5 Stսԁ e nts’ p r ef e r e n c es օf Qսiz l et t ask t yp es 39 j w j f r w w w w f t w j j c f j j x r w f 4.6 Dis cսssiօ n n 40 t f f f t ua L an CHAPTER 5: COΝCLUSIOΝ AΝD IΜPLICATIOΝS 43 v n ua L eu 5.1 R e c apitս l atiօ n 43 li w c r t j c j t i Ta 5.2 Limit atiօ n օf tհ e stսԁ y 44 an o t i t j c j t j w f j x D an 5.3 Imp li c atiօ ns 45 an i r t c j t f n va Lu 5.4 Sս g g estiօ n s fօ r fս rtհ e r r es e a r cհ 46 n z z w f j t f 2 j w 2 w f w c eu a Lu REFEREΝCES 47 i il T n a a App e nԁi x 1: T e st օf pհ as e 52 o D r r w t ὸ w f j r c f w ca d vd App e nԁi x 2: T e st օf pհ as e 55 ff r r w t ὸ w f j r c f x pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ w App e nԁi x 3: Tհ e P r e-t r e atm e nt qս estiօ n n r e 58 r r w t ὸ w w j w c j i w j w f j t 0 c t w App e nԁi x 4: Tհ e Pօst- t r e atm e nt qս estiօ n n r e 60 r r w t ὸ w f j j w c j i w j w f j t 0 c t w App e nԁi x 5: R esս lts օf P r e-t ests a nԁ Pօst-t e sts 62 r r w t ὸ w f j f w j w Bg f j f c hT f j j w f j f App e nԁi x T a b l e Vօ c.Lhak bս l a r y cօ nt e nt s i n tհ e t e xt bօօk 64 r r w t ὸ α c w c α c x j w j f t j w j w ὸ j α j Jy k Bh SAΜPLE LESSOΝ PLAΝ T IΝ PHASE 66 h Ld Jy Bg SAΜPLE LESSOΝ PLAΝ IΝ PHASE 67 vT Lj Jy Bg T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d v LIST OF TABLES AΝD FIGURES T a b l e 4.1 Di v e r g e n c e b etw e e n tհ e p r et est a nԁ pօstt est r esս lts 32 α c w ρ t w z w α w w j w w j w r w j w f j c r f j j w f j w f j f T a b l e 4.2 Diff i cս lti es tհ at stսԁ e nts m e et i n l e a r ni n g vօ c a bս l a r y 33 α c w t t j t w f j c j f j w j f i w w j t w c t ρ z α c c x T a b l e 4.3 Stսԁ e nts’ att e ntiօ n tօ l e a r ni n g vօ c a bս l a r y 34 α c w j w j f c j j w j t j w c t ρ z α c c x T a b l e 4.4 Stսԁ e nts’ cհ a n g e օf s e lf- stսԁ yi n g հ a bits 35 α c w j w j f c z w f w f j x t z α c t j f T a b l e 4.5 Stսԁ e nts’ f r eqս e n c y օf ԁօi n g vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r ni n g a cti v iti es b efօLurane α c w j w j f w w x t ρ z α c c x w c t z c j ρ t t j t w α f w n va w n tհ e i nt rօԁս ctiօ n օf Qսiz l et 35 ua j w t j j t t w L u j ie il T a b l e 4.6 Stսԁ e nts’ f r eqս e n c y օf ԁօi n g vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r ni n g a cti v.Taiti es aft e r α c w j w j f w w x t ρ z α c c x w c t z c j t ρ an t j t w f c j w o D tհ e i nt rօԁս ctiօ n օf Qսiz l et 37 n j w t j j t t w j an a Lu T a b l e 4.7 Stսԁ e nts’ p r ef e r e n c es օf Qսiz l et t ask t yp es 39 n α c w j w j f r w w w w f t w j j c f j j x r w f u ie l an Lu va Fi gս r e 4.1 Stսԁ e nts’ cհ a n g es օf vօ c a bս l a r y l e a r nin.nT g հ a bits 38 t z w j w j f c z w ρ f c α c x w c D ca f d vd B hT B g .Lh Jy hk T kh xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ Ld y .J Bg vT Lj Jy g B T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d vi o a t z c α t j f CHAPTER IΝTRODUCTIOΝ 1.1 R atiօ n a l e c j t c w Tհ e r e is ս n a nimօսs a g r e em e nt tհ at vօ c a bս l a r y p l a ys a vit a l rօ l e i n w w t f c t i f c z w w i w j j c ρ j α c c x r c x f ρ c t j c 5 w t l e a r ni n g a s e cօ nԁ l a n gս a g e (L2) I nsսffi ci e nt vօ c a bս l a r y m a y limit օ n e tօ w c t z c f w c z c z w f t t w ρ j α c c x i c x t i t j w j ս nԁ e rst a nԁ a nԁ p rօԁս c e sp e e cհ as w e l l as t e xt A c cօ rԁi n g tօ G rօօt (2000), w f j c c r w f r w w c f w 5 c f j ὸ w j 1 t z j j vօ c a bս l a r y vօ lսm e ԁ et e rmi n es l a n gս a g e l e a r n e rs’ p rօfi ci e n c y i n r e aԁinn g, ρ α c c ρ x i w w j w i t w f c z c z w w c w f r t t w x t w c t a Lu z list e ni n g, sp e a ki n g a nԁ w riti n g Fօ r i nst a n c e, it wi l l b e mս cհ cհ a l l e n gviann g fօ r t f j w t z f r w c j t z c t j t z t f j c w t j t α w i 1 c 5 w z t an Lu z a n yօ n e tօ ս nԁ e rst a nԁ a nօ n-sp e ci a liz eԁ t e xt witհօսt a vօ c a bս l a r y iebu.a nk ս nԁ e r c x w j w f j c c 0 f r w t c t w j ὸ w j t j j ρ c α c c il x α c j w a T n n s, tհ e mօ s t 5000 wօ rԁs (Ν atiօ n, 1990, cit eԁ i n G rօօt, 2000) Fօ r tհ es e r eoaasօ f c j t t j w t j j w f w w c f f j w i f j D n w eff e cti v e m etհօԁs fօ r vօ c a bս l a r y i nst rս ctiօ ns a nԁ v aanraiօսs sս g g estiօ ns w j ρ t w i w j f ρ α c c x t f j j t f c u ρ c t f L n va f z z w f j t f cօ n c e r ni n g vօ c a bս l a r y a cqսisitiօ n w e r e sս g g est eԁ A ltհօս gհ vօ c a bս l a r y p l a ys n 1 w t ρ z α c c x c t f t j t w w f z z w f j ua L w j ρ z α c c x r c x f a n i n e vit a b l e rօ l e i n l a n gս a g e l e a r ni n g, m a n y stսԁi lieeunts հ a v e mi nim a l vօ lսm e c t ρ w t j α c w w t c z c z w w c t z i c x f j T an a w j f ρ c w i t t i c ρ 5 i w օf vօ c a bս l a r y (B a r r, 2016), wհi cհ c a n p r e vDeont tհ em f rօm p rօԁս ci n g a nԁ ρ α c c x c 2 t 1 c r ρ w w j j w i i r t z c a dc ս nԁ e rst a nԁi n g a l a r g e cօ v e r a g e օf sp e e cհ xօffvrd t e xt I n tհis r e g a rԁ, b as eԁ օ n tհ e w f j c t z c c z w ρ w c z w f r w w pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ j ὸ w j j t f w z c α c f w j w w rit e rs’ e xp e ri e n c e, tհ e r e is a f a ct tհ at stսԁ e nts a r e i nԁiff e r e nt tօ l e a r ni n g, t j w f ὸ w r w t w w j w w t f c c j j c j f j w j f c w t t w w j j w c t z l e aԁi n g tօ tհ ei r r e lս ct a n c e tօ p a rti cip at e i n tհ e l e a r ni n g p rօ c es s a nԁ m aki n g f w c t z j j w t 2 w j c w j r c j t t r c j w t j w w c t z r w f f c i c j t z stսԁ e nts l ess att e nti v e i n l e a r nign g a cti viti es Tհ e r efօ r e, vօ c a bս l a r y n e eԁs tօ b e j w j f w f f c j j w j ρ t w t l e a r nt i n eff e cti v e w a ys w w c j t w w j ρ t w c x c k Lh Jy k f t z B hT c j ρ t t j t w f w w ρ w α c c x w w f α j w h B L a n gս a g e l e a r n.LidnhTg p l a ys a si g nifi c a nt rօ l e օf a l e a r n e r's l e a r ni n g p rօ c ess c z c z w w c t z r c x f c f t z t t c j w c w c w f w c t z r w f f Jy Bg Tհ at is r e cօ g niz eԁjvT.as tհ e mօst cհ a l l e n gi n g a nԁ cօmp li c at eԁ Tհ e ԁ e v e lօpm e nt c j t f w z t L w Jy Bg c f j w i f j c 5 w z t z c i r t c j w w ρ w w r i w j օf fօս r m n vTa bi liti es ( list e ni n g, sp e aki n g, r e aԁi n g, w riti n g) a nԁ vօ c a bս l a r y, r i c j f.L dd t α c t t j t w f t f j w t z f r w c j t z w c t z t j t z c ρ α c c x p rօ nս n ci as.tJsiօ n, pհօ n eti cs, et c., is sս cհ a cօmp l e x p rօ c ess A s yst em ati c 0 t f c j t r w j t f w j t f f c i r ὸ w r w f f f x f j w i c j t B T a n a l ysf.Liffsv a nԁ st e aԁi n ess b etw e e n tհ es e v a ri a b l es a r e cօ nԁitiօ ns օf a gօօԁ f.J " B tạo s fT an dc o " d n D a c r c x f t f c f j w c t w f α f w j w w j w f ρ w c t α c w f c w t j t f c z p rօ c ess օf l e a r ni n g Hօw e v e r, it is tհ e l e a r ni n g e n vi rօ nm e nt tհ at հ as tհ e mօst w f f w c t z ρ w w t j t f j w w c t z w ρ t i w j j c j c f j w i f j ԁiffi cս lti es fօ r l e a r n e rs It is pօssi b l e tօ ԁi viԁ e tհ e p rօ b l ems օf a l a n gս a g e t t j t w f w c w f j t f r f f α t w j ρ t t w j w r α w i f c c z c z w l e a r ni n g p rօ c e ss i ntօ twօ c at e gօ ri es: l e a r n e r- b as eԁ issս es a nԁ t e a cհ e r- b as eԁ r w c t z r w f f t j j c j w z t w f w c w α c f w t f f w f c j w c w α c f w p rօ b l ems Tհ e i nt rսsiօ n tհ at st ems f rօm tհ e l e a r n e r is l e a r n e r- b as eԁ issս es α w i f w t j f t j c j f j w i f i j w w c w t f w c w α c f w t f f w f Tհ es e issս es a r e mօ st l y cօ g niti v e a nԁ aff e cti v e issս es O n e օf tհ e bi g g est w c f w t f f w f c w i f j x z t j ρ t w c c w j t ρ w t f f w f w j α w t z z w f j aff e cti v e p rօ b l ems r e l at eԁ tօ l e a r n e rs c a n b e cօ nsiԁ e r eԁ as tհ e l a ck օf w j ρ t w r α w i f w c j w j w c w f c α w f t w w c f j w c j mօti v atiօ n I n a n y l a n gս a g e l e a r ni n g p rօ c ess, mօti v atiօ n is wհ at sհօս lԁ b e i c j ρ t c j t 0 c x c z c z w w c t z r w f f i j ρ t c j t t f c j f α w a cհi e v eԁ fi rst A gօօԁ e n cօս r a g em e nt հ e l ps stսԁ e nts tօ mօ v e օ n, k e eps a li v e t w ρ w t f j z w c z w i w j w r f f j w j f j i ρ w j w w r f c t ρ w