(Luận văn) urban expansion the effect of economic growth on urbannization in viet nam

t to BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ Tp.HCM …………………………… ng hi ep w n lo ad y th SOUK SOPHAL ju yi pl n ua al URBAN EXPANSION va THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON URBANIZATION IN n ll fu VIETNAM oi m at nh z LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KINH TẾ z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu TP Hồ Chí Minh-Năm 2013 n va ey t re t to BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ Tp.HCM …………………………… ng hi ep w n lo ad y th SOUK SOPHAL ju yi pl al ua URBAN EXPANSION n THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON URBANIZATION IN va n VIETNAM ll fu m oi Chuyên ngành: Kinh tế phát triển at nh Mã số: 60310105 z z ht vb k jm LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ KINH TẾ l.c gm om NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: Dr Nguyễn Lưu Bảo Đoan an Lu n va ey t re TP Hồ Chí Minh-Năm 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS t to ng hi ep Firstly, I would like to take this opportunity to thanks my Advisor Dr Nguyễn Lưu Bảo Đoan for his guidance during the process of researching and writing this thesis w n He was supportive of helping me to successfully complete this thesis It would not lo ad have been possibly written without his help I am very fortunate to have him as my ju y th master’s thesis supervisor yi pl I would also like to express my profound thanks to Dr.Pham Khanh Nam for his n ua al help in collecting Vietnam data va n Special thanks to Dr.Nguyen Huu Dung, Deputy Dean at the University of ll fu Economics HoChiMinh City oi m at nh I would like to thanks my family and my good friends for always encouraging me to think and supporting me spiritually throughout my life z z vb jm ht Finally, I would like to dedicate this work to my lost relatives and I hope that this work makes them proud k om l.c gm an Lu HoChiMinh City, December 15, 2013 n va i ey t re SOUK SOPHAL Abstract t to ng Urbanization is a major change taking place globally, especially in Southeast Asia hi ep which is one of the world’s fast growing regions in terms of population and urban growth The total population in Southeast Asia accounts for 14.64 per cents of w Asia’s population Meanwhile, urbanization is also increasingly taking place in n lo ad many cities in Southeast Asia Phnom Penh is the capital of Cambodia with an y th estimated population of 2.3 million by 2013, with the area of 678.46 square ju kilometers Recently, the development in the economy has impacts on the growth of yi pl Phnom Penh Capital The demand for more living spaces has increased so it lead to ua al unplanned urbanization and industrialization in the outer periphery of Phnom Penh n Capital, which, has created pressure on the change in land use pattern Therefore, it va n is important to study impacts of different factors on urban expansion However, the fu ll absence of data for Phnom Penh does not make a regression analysis possible Thus, m oi the study employs available data of cities and provinces in Vietnam, a country at nh which has a similar economic structure and level of development In this paper, the overall goals are to examine the change in population, GDP, agricultural investment z z and other that lead to the urban spatial growth and, the expansion of urbanized vb jm ht areas Based on the Monocentric model and panel analysis, the result shows that population, agricultural investment, industrialization and GDP are major pushing k l.c gm factors in the processing of urban expansion The analysis demonstrates the overwhelming importance of economic growth in the determination of urban land om use This study examines the effect of economic growth on urbanization in an Lu Vietnam Based on this information, a case study analysis of Cambodia and Phnom Penh is also conducted n va economic growth, monocentric model, urban expansion, land use ey t re Keywords: ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii t to ng LIST OF ABBREVIATION hi LIST OF TABLES ep LIST OF FIGURES w n lo ad Chapter : Introduction…………………………………………………………… y th Research problem……………………………………………………… 1.2 Research Objective………………………………………………………2 1.3 Research Question……………………………………………………….3 1.4 Scope and Methodology of Research……………………………………3 1.5 Research Structure ………………………………………………………3 ju 1.1 yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m Chapter 2: Urbanization in Vietnam……………………………………………… The overview of the study area………………………………………… 2.2 Urbanization in Vietnam………………………………………………….7 at nh 2.1 z z vb Chapter 3: Literature Review…………………………………………………… 12 ht Theoretical Literature Review of Monocentric…………………………12 3.2 The Monocentric model……………………………………………… 13 3.3 Empirical Study… …………………………………………………….16 3.4 Analytic Framework……………………………………………………19 k jm 3.1 om l.c gm an Lu Chapter 4: Data and Methodology……………………………………………… 21 4.3 Research Method ……………………………………………… 23 4.4 Analysis Method…………….………………………………………… 24 Chapter 5: Result and Discussion…………………………………………………26 ey Data Description……………………………………………………… 22 t re 4.2 n Data Source…………………………………………………………… 21 va 4.1 5.1 Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………………26 5.2 Empirical Result….…………………………………………………… 33 Chapter 6: A Case Study about Cambodia and Phnom Penh …………………… 37 t to ng 6.1 Overview of urbanization in Cambodia……………………………… 37 6.2 Overview of urbanization in Phnom Penh………………………………40 hi ep Chapter 7: Discussion w Explaination of differences between theory and my analysis… 46 n 7.1 lo Limitations of this analysis…………………………………… 46 ad 7.2 y th ju Chapter 8: Conclusion……………………………… 48 yi pl n ua APPENDIX al REFERENCES n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re LIST OF ABBREVIATION t to ng CBD Central Business District FEM Fixed Effect Model GDP Gross Domestic Product hi General Statistics Office ep GSO IND w lo Random Effect Model ad REM Service Sector n SVS Industrialization ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re LIST OF TABLES t to ng Table 3.3.1 The proxies and list studies of independent variables………………….17 Table 5.1.1 Descriptive Statistics………………………………………………… 25 Table 5.1.2 Correlation test…………………………………………………………26 hi ep Table 5.1.3 Table 5.1.4 w n Table 5.2.1 Multicolinearity test……………………………………………………27 Normality test………………………………………………………….27 Estimation result……………………………………………………….31 lo ad Table 5.2.1.1 Heteroskedasticity test…………………………………………………33 ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re LIST OF FIGURES t to ng Figure 2.1.1 Expansion of city boundaries between 1999 and 2009 … Figure 2.1.2 Urbanization rate 1960-2010…………………………………………8 Figure 3.1 PLUREL concept of peri-urban areas and rural- region…………… 12 hi Dimension of regional urban form …………………………………13 ep Figure 3.2 Graph of changes in urbanized land across the country………… ….28 w Figure 5.1.5 Graph of explanation for changes of province &cities …………… 30 n Figure 5.1.6 lo Phnom Penh map by districts………………………………………… 39 ad Figure 6.1 ju y th Figures 6.2 Planning of city development………………….……………………….41 yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION t to 1.1 Research problem ng One of the most remarkable changes over the centuries is urbanization, or the shift hi ep from rural areas to large cities Urbanization has had important consequences in many aspects of social, political, and economic life (Kleniewski & Thomas, 2011) w n Kleniewski, N., & Thomas, A R (2011) The world remained largely rural until the lo ad industrialization of the nineteenth century Urbanization is a major change taking place y th globally, especially in Southeast Asia Between the 1870s and World War II, a few ju dominant Southeast Asian urban centers such as Yangoon (Myanmar), Malaya yi pl (Singapore), Bangkok (Thailand), Saigon (Vietnam) and Manila (Philippines) were al ua ports of Western and the gateways that connected the frontier southeast Asia to the n global economy (Gregg Huff, 2012) The study of urbanization is very necessary for va n developing countries because these countries are in the process of facing with rapid fu ll urbanization Urbanization is the process which leads to a higher proportion of total m oi population of an area living in cities and towns and generally occurs with at nh modernization and industrialization Moreover, modernization and industrialization z pull people to cities at the same time that they push people from rural home And when z vb more and more people leave villages and farms to live in cities, it is the results of jm ht urban growth According to experiences of most part of the world, urbanization is part k of the development process Rapid urbanization is closely linked to economic gm development that is contributed with the rising demand of land in manufacturing and l.c service sector in urban and the decline of agricultural land in rural Urbanization om occurs as countries shift from rural agricultural activities into urban industrial an Lu activities Successful urbanization requires the expansion of the industrial and service sector (Parker, 1996) Similarly, urban expansion mainly depends upon the urban http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/a-primer-on-social-problems/s17-01-a-brief-history-ofurbanizatio.html ey t re dynamic driving forces of cities in developing countries are economic and social n a very important role in economic development in developing countries The major va requirement, facilities available and industrialization The development of cities plays