Study on the navigation marks of hai phong channel. Mẫu đồ án : Nghiên cứu về Phao tiêu hàng hải trong luồng lạch Hải Phòng. đồ án tốt nghiệp của sinh viên đại học hàng hải đồ án tốt nghiệp của sinh viên đại học hàng hải đồ án tốt nghiệp của sinh viên đại học hàng hải đồ án tốt nghiệp của sinh viên đại học hàng hải
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY LE VAN DAT – 73783 – DKT58CH GRADUATION THESIS STUDY ON THE NAVIGATION MARKS OF HAI PHONG CHANNEL DEPARTMENT: MARINE MANAGEMENT CODE: 7840106CH101 MAJOR: NAVIGATION Supervisor: Dr NGUYEN THAI DUONG HAI PHONG – 2021 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, our team would like to thank all the lecturers at Vietnam Maritime University for helping us to research successfully We thank for helping us to gain knowledge that allows us to challenge ourselves through this scientific research Our next thanks, we would like to express our special thanks to Dr NGUYEN THAI DUONG, who supervised us and trusted the research topic for our team to carry out During this whole process of scientific research, he taught and taught us, and helped me expand my existing knowledge He always tries his best to update the latest material and is for us, which is a great motivation for him to try to succeed in this scientific research Once again our team thanked the teacher for everything Finally, we are very grateful to our family and friends that are invariably with us, support, encourage, give us useful advice Help us relieve numerous subject, make us feel commodious, all-inclusive conditions for us to carry out this scientific research successfully We want to say “thank for everything” helping us with this consequence! ASSURANCE We pledge that this is the result of a coalescence of our conjecture background The investigation process is closely monitored under the guidance of Dr NGUYEN THAI DUONG that the new update information, photograph and brief-quick of results in this scientific research project are honest and objective and are not published by any person In addition, scientific analyses to utilize several statistics and info from a lot of sources If there is any deceit when the report is completed, we will be subjected to liability for this PERFORMING STUDENTS GROUP PHAM CONG VU SON (Sign and write full name) TRAN XUAN MANH DAO CONG LIST OF FIGURES Number Name of figure Page 2.1 Buoyage Region A and B 13 2.2 Port Hand ( Lateral mark Region A) 14 2.3 Starboard Hand (Lateral marks Region A) 14 2.4 Light (Lateral marks Region A) 14 2.5 Port ( Preferred channel Region A) 15 2.6 Starboard ( Preferred channel Region A) 15 2.7 Light ( Preferred channel Region A) 15 2.8 Port Hand ( Lateral marks Region B) 16 2.9 Starboard ( Lateral marks Region B) 16 2.10 Light ( Lateral marks Region B) 17 2.11 Starboard ( Preferred channel Region B) 17 2.12 Port ( Preferred channel Region B) 17 2.13 Light (Preferred channel Region B) 18 2.14 Shape of Cardinal marks 20 2.15 Shape of Isolated danger marks 23 2.16 Topmarks of Safe water marks 25 2.17 Shape of Safe water marks 25 2.18 Topmarks of Special marks 27 2.19 Shape of Special marks 27 3.1 Picture of number buoy 31 3.2 Number buoy on Nautical Chart 35 3.3 Lateral marks HP66 and HP91 36 3.4 Special marks symbols 37 3.5 Preferred NT16 channel of symbol 37 3.6 Preferred HP75 and hp73 38 3.7 Anchor or lighterage area of symbol 38 3.8 Cardinal marks of symbol 39 3.9 Cardinal marks HP53 and HP57 of symbol 39 3.10 Special marks in Pha Rung cannal 40 3.11 Preferred channel marks in Pha Rung channel 40 3.12 Safe water marks of symbols 40 3.13 Buoy HP16 41 3.14 Buoy HP21 41 3.15 Leading line 42 3.16 HA NAM Canal 43 LIST OF TABLE Number Name of Table Page 2.1 Lateral mark region A 14 2.2 Preferred channel 15 2.3 Lateral mark region B 16 2.4 Preferred channel region B 17 2.5 Color of Cardinal mark 20 2.6 Light of Cardinal mark 21 2.7 Flash light of time Cardinal mark 21 2.8 Retroreflectors of Cardinal mark 22 3.1 Position of turning area at Chua Ve Port 41 3.2 Position of turning area at Song Cam 45 3.3 Position of turning area at Hai Phong Port 45 3.4 Position of Hai Phong International Container Port 47 INTRODUCE As we all know, research topics on navigation marks aboard a ship are many These topics give definitions, information, implementation procedures, and precautions Understanding more about the nature and importance of ensuring ship member’s safety while on board raises the sense of work Synthesized research topics on its , interpretation situations and prevention methods analysis of The project uses references on navigation signs through articles, dissertations and researches of analysts, thereby synthesizing important and useful knowledge about the safety of the crew After completing the topic, we can better understand the purpose of safety on board, the importance of its practicality in the operation of a ship Topics will help us to have a clear concept and a more accurate vision The urgency of the thesis A sea mark, also seamark and navigation mark, is a form of aid to navigation and pilotage that identifies the approximate position of a maritime channel, hazard, or administrative area to allow boats, ships, and seaplanes to navigate safely There are three types of sea mark: beacons (fixed to the seabed or on shore), buoys (consisting of a floating object that is usually anchored to a specific location on the bottom of the sea or to a submerged object) and a type of cairn built on a submerged rock/object, especially in calmer waters Sea marks are used to indicate channels, dangerous rocks or shoals, mooring positions, areas of speed limits, traffic separation schemes, submerged shipwrecks, and for a variety of other navigational purposes Some are only intended to be visible in daylight (daymarks), others have some combination of lights, reflectors, bells, horns, whistles and radar reflectors to make them usable at night and in conditions of reduced visibility Marks are shown on nautical charts, using symbols that indicate their colour, shape and light characteristic, and are usually identified by name or number In a wider sense the phrase "sea mark" is often understood to include all types of landmarks, structures and devices that can be used to provide warning and guiding signs to mariners Thus a sea mark can be and often is located on dry land 2.The importance of the article Navigation marks help you safely navigate a waterway Use these marks in combination with your maps and charts to navigate safely Navigation marks show you how to travel through a channel or enter a port, and how to avoid hazards Each type of mark has a unique combination of colour, shape, topmark and light You must be able to identify these marks and pass them safely on the correct side Use these marks along with your maps and charts to navigate safely Research’s purpose The project provides additional information for crew members about navigation marks A navigational aid (NAVAID), also known as aid to navigation is any sort of signal, markers or guidance equipment which aids the traveler in navigation, usually nautical or aviation travel Common types of such aids include lighthouses, buoys, fog signals, and day beacons Subject and scope of the study The topics are focused on research: • Lateral marks • Cardinal marks • Isolated danger marks • Special marks • Safe water marks We only force on the navigation marks of Hai Phong channel based on IALA Buoyage System for Mariners another is about deep in Hai Phong canal Research method The project builds on research using a variety of integrated methods: consulting online resources, comparing, evaluating, analyzing knowledge in the school's training system, and the important thing is thanks to instructions, suggestions, materials from specialized trainers guide CHAPTER I: INTRODUCE AND DESCRIPTION BUOYAGE SYSTEM 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 General Information The effectiveness test of a buoyage system happens when the Seafarer is confronted unknow at night or in low visibility by the lights marking an unexplored danger, for example: a recent wreck, instantly he should instinctively, positively and accurately decide what he must In the Dover Strait in 1971 the Brandenburg struck the wreckage of the Texaco Caribbean and sank, even though it was properly marked A few weeks later the wreckage, even though before it was marked by many buoys and a wreckmarking vessel, however was struck by the Niki, which also sank Total people lost is 51 It was this disaster which growth to the development and application of the IALA Maritime Buoyage System 1.1.2 Development The beginning of the buoy system appeared in 1889, when several countries agreed to mark the port hand side of channels with black can buoys and the starboard hand with red conical buoys Unfortunately, when lights system was introduced in Europe, they marked red light in the the black port hand buoys to appropriate with the red lights marking the port hand side of harbour entrances while in North America, they marked red lights were placed on the red starboard hand buoys After that many conferences happened to unify the buoy system but were not successful until 1936, when a system is established by League of Nations at Geneva, it established a Cardinal system, and a Lateral system, with the principle that red buoys should be used on the port hand and black buoys on the starboard hand however, some countries did not sign it and they decided to develop their own original system After World War II (1939-45) buoyage systems were re-established in North-west Europe based on the system devised by the 1936 Geneva Convention, but large difference in explantion of system resulted in nine diferent systems used in those waters In 1973, recognizing the urgent need, a follow-up attempt to find a single world-wide system of buoyage was made by the Technical Committee of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) IALA is non-govermental body which brings together representatives from the aids to navigation services in order to dicusion information and suggest solution to navigational aids based on the latest technology IALA decided that no immediate agreement could be reached, so divided the world into two regions It put forward a system allowing the use of both Cardinal and Lateral systems in each Region but, in Region A used red light of Lateral system in order to marked the port hand side of channels and used colour green the starboard hand side when proceeding in the conventional direction of buoyage, in Region B color is opposite 1.1.3 Implementation In 1980 a conference was held with the assistance of the InterGovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), the lighthouse authorities from fifty countries and the representatives of nine international organizations concerned with aids to navigation agree to pass adopt the rules of the new combined system and come to a decision on the buoyage Regions IALA are used all over the world In some parts, however, the convert to the new system has not been completed An implementation diagram showing the latest position is included in the Supplement to The Mariner's Handbook In some areas, such as North America and the inland waterways of Western Europe, the IALA System used with alteration which described in Admiralty Sailing Directions 1.1.4 Alteration to chart In the past, when replacing of an existing buoyage system by the IALA System complicated large changes, careful preparations and notification were made for the charts affected, corrected up-to-date for both old and new systems, could be available during the period of change However, after changing, some parts of the buoyages ystem are still not suitable Some ports will change their buoyage system and only when other buoyage convert make it convenient, others have no notified plans to conform to the IALA System As a result, the timeline for completing a change to the IALA System, is likely to be gradual and announcement of the change, if introduced, may be brief However, when the float system is changed, corrections that keep the charts up to date will be issued, as before, by the most appropriate means, by notification to the Mariners or by issuing a new version new versions of the charts are affected