THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY LÊ THỊ NGỌC THẢO a lu n n va tn to GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN “THE WIND IN THE p ie gh WILLOWS” BY KENNETH GRAHAME AND THEIR oa nl w EQUIVALENTS IN GOOGLE TRANSLATE’S VIETNAMESE TRANSLATIONS d a nv a lu FIELD: English Linguistics ll u nf CODE: 8.22.02.01 m tz n oi Supervisor: LÊ NHÂN THÀNH, Ph.D z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN LÊ THỊ NGỌC THẢO a lu n va n LIÊN KẾT NGỮ PHÁP TRONG “GIÓ QUA RẶNG LIỄU” p ie gh tn to CỦA KENNETH GRAHAME VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA GOOGLE d oa nl w TRANSLATE Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh a lu Mã số: 8.22.02.01 a nv ll u nf m n oi tz Người hướng dẫn: TS LÊ NHÂN THÀNH z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I confirm that the thesis “Grammatical cohesion in “The Wind in the Willow” by Kenneth Grahame and their equivalents in Google Translate’s Vietnamese Translations” is my work except where reference is made in the text of the thesis No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or a lu diploma n n va tn to p ie gh Binh Dinh, 2021 oa nl w d Lê Thị Ngọc Thảo a nv a lu ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was completed with the support of many people First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr Le Nhan Thanh, my supervisor, for his patience, guidance and professional advice during the process of completing this thesis Without his expertise and encouragement, I would not have been able to finish this study I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to all my lecturers who have a lu taken part in my MA course at Quy Nhon University and provided me with n n va useful and interesting knowledge and experience as well as their inspiration Last but not least, I feel deeply indebted to my family members for p ie gh tn to which helped me conduct my research their support and motivation whenever I needed to finish the thesis d oa nl w a nv a lu ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iii ABSTRACT The study aims to examine the quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of the grammatical cohesive devices in “The Wind in the Willow” by Kenneth Grahame in terms of translation errors To fulfil this aim, 10934 reference ties and 770 conjunction ties found in 2306 English sentences containing the references and conjunctions in “The Wind in the Willow” and their equivalents in GT’s Vietnamese translations were a lu examined to classify the translation errors in the Vietnamese translations in n n va terms of grammatical cohesion using Costa et al.’s (2015) model The tn to research employs both quantitative and qualitative content analysis in this p ie gh study to collect data and analyze it to answer the research questions The results of the study show that GT cannot achieve accuracy in translating the references with contextual meaning and GT shows better quality in translating oa nl w the conjunctions than the references d a nv a lu ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xi a lu CHAPTER INTRODUCTION n n va 1.1 Rationale 1.2.1 Aim p ie gh tn to 1.2 Aim and Objectives 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 Research Questions oa nl w 1.4 Scope of the Study d 1.5 Significance of the Study a lu a nv 1.6 Organization of the Study u nf CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW ll 2.1 The Theory of Cohesion m n oi 2.1.1 Definition of cohesion tz 2.1.2 Grammatical cohesion z 2.1.3 Previous studies 29 @ gm 2.2 Errors in translation 33 l 2.2.1 Definition of translation errors 33 m co 2.2.2 Classification of translation errors 33 an Lu 2.2.3 Conceptual Framework 36 2.3 Google Translate 42 n va ac th si v 2.3.1 Machine translation 43 2.3.2 Overview of Google Translate 44 2.3.3 Previous studies on Google Translate 47 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 51 3.1 Research Methods 51 3.2 Data Collection 56 3.3 Data Analysis 60 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 64 a lu 4.1 References and Conjunctions in “The Wind in the Willows” and n n va their Equivalents in GT’s Vietnamese Translations 64 4.1.2 Types of conjunctions 71 p ie gh tn to 4.1.1 Types of references 64 4.2 Types of Translation Errors 78 oa nl w 4.2.1 Semantic errors 79 4.2.2 Lexis errors 82 d 4.2.3 Orthographic errors 84 a lu 4.2.4 Grammar errors 85 a nv u nf 4.2.5 Discourse errors 85 ll 4.2.6 No translation errors 86 m n oi 4.3 The Quality of Google Translate’s Vietnamese translations of tz English Grammatical Cohesive Devices 87 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 90 z gm @ 5.1 Summary of the main Findings 90 l 5.2 Limitation of the Study 93 m co 5.3 Implication of the Study 93 Lu 5.3.1 Implication for teachers and students of translation 93 an 5.3.2 Implication for translators 94 n va ac th si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an vi 5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 94 REFERENCES 95 APPENDICES a lu n n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w a nv a lu ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an vii ABBREVIATIONS (a) Abbreviation Abbreviation Definition a lu n Conjunction: additive C.av Conjunction: adversative C.ca Conjunction: causal C.te Conjunction: temporal DE Discourse errors DER Discourse errors of references GE Grammar errors GEC Grammar errors of conjunctions GER Grammar errors of references GT Google Translate n va C.ad p ie gh tn to LEC Lexis errors of references Machine translation a nv Neural machine translation ll u nf NMT a lu MT Lexis errors of conjunctions d LER Lexis errors oa nl w LE Orthographic errors OEC Orthographic error of conjunctions OER Orthographic error of references R.co Reference: comparative R.de Reference: demonstrative R.pe Reference: personal SE Semantic errors SEC Semantic errors of conjunctions m OE tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an viii SER Semantic errors of references SMT Statistical machine translation (b) Conventions In the text: ITALICS are used for emphasis, examples or technical terms; BOLD words are used to mark the first use of technical terms In numbered examples: a lu BOLD and UNDERLINED words in examples are the features under n n va discussion p ie gh tn to d oa nl w a nv a lu ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 93 which made the target translations incomprehensible when GT translated the English sentences containing the references and conjunctions into Vietnamese Besides, the incompetence of GT in adjusting or conforming to appropriate target communicative situations showed its low quality in translating the English references into Vietnamese GT had better quality in translating the English conjunctions than it did the English references 5.2 Limitation of the Study Hard as the researcher has tried, there are still some limitations due to a lu time constraints and other unexpected factors Firstly, the study evaluated the n quality of GT by analyzing the translation errors in GT’s Vietnamese n va translations of two grammatical cohesive devices, including references and tn to conjunctions whereas the other two grammatical cohesive devices, which are p ie gh substitutions and ellipsis were not analyzed Therefore, the findings cannot be applied to all types of grammatical cohesion oa nl w 5.3 Implication of the Study On carrying out this research, I hope this research will offer some d a nv a lu benefits to teachers and students of translations as well as translators 5.3.1 Implication for teachers and students of translation u nf Firstly, the findings of this thesis give teachers and learners insights ll m into the translation errors committed by GT in translating the grammatical n oi tz cohesive devices from English to Vietnamese Taking these mentioned errors into consideration when teaching how to translate English grammatical z gm @ cohesive devices, teachers can ask their students to pay more attention to the context and the functional aspect of grammatical cohesive devices rather than l co just their basic meanings Moreover, teachers and learners are also provided m with insights into GT’s quality in translating two kinds of grammatical Lu an cohesion (references and conjunctions) Teachers and students are supposed n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 94 to be aware of potential errors to avoid such problems when translating grammatical cohesive devices and students should just take GT’s translations as a reference for consultation 5.3.2 Implication for translators First of all, the results of this thesis give translators clear evidence of GT’s translation errors as well as the overview of GT quality in grammatical cohesive device translations Specifically, GT helps translators boost their process of learning in terms of literal translations of texts with acceptable and a lu relatively accurate outcomes However, it is advisable that translation should n be wary of GT’s translation of figurative items or similar genres Because GT n va cannot achieve accuracy and fluency when translating conjunctions, tn to translators should just consult these unreliable translations as references and p ie gh make any changes to conform to the target context and cultural background without distorting the intended meanings oa nl w These results also give evidence for those who work in technology and linguistic fields to supplement larger-scale of references related to d a nv a lu grammatical cohesion to improve the overall quality of GT in translating the grammatical cohesive devices, especially in English-Vietnamese pair by u nf building a parallel corpora for statistical machine translation in the future ll m 5.4 Suggestions for Future Research n oi tz Other researchers who develop interest in a similar topic may find the following recommendations useful for their future works Firstly, this thesis z just focuses on evaluating GT’s translation errors in only two out of four gm @ grammatical cohesive types, which are references and conjunctions l co Therefore, further researches should be carried out with a larger scope m Secondly, the effect of GT’s translation errors in cohesion on Vietnamese an Lu readers should be taken into consideration n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 95 REFERENCES English sources Aiken, M (2019) An Updated Evaluation of Google Translate Accuracy Studies in Linguistics and Literature, 3(3), 253–260 Aiken, M., & 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Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage White, M D & Marsh, E E (2006) Content Analysis: A Flexible n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 100 Methodology In Research Methods (Eds Lynda M Baker) Library Trends, 55(1), 22–45 Yule, G (2010) The Study of Language (4th ed.) Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Vietnamese source Ban, D Q (1998) Văn liên kết Tiếng Việt (3rd ed.) HaNoi, VietNam: Education Publishing House Them, T N (1985) Hệ thống liên kết văn Tiếng Việt HaNoi, VietNam: a lu Education Publishing House n Data Sources n va Grahame, K (1908) The wind in the willow London, England: Methuen p ie gh tn to Publishing Ltd Dictionary Wehmeier, S., et al (Eds.) (2005) Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary (3rd oa nl w ed.) Oxford University Press Online Dictionary d a nv a lu https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ ll u nf m tz n oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.1 APPENDICES Sample Analysis English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions (1) Error types Nguyễn Tâm (2) (3) (4) Chuột chũi làm Chuột The (R.de) Mole had (5) Chũi NE a lu n been working very hard việc chăm làm việc chăm n va all the (R.de) morning, buổi sáng, dọn dẹp suốt buổi sáng (R.pe) little home nhỏ bé mình (R.pe) p ie gh tn to his nhà nhỏ để quét dọn tổ spring-cleaning mùa xuân oa nl w vào dịp (R.pe) Đầu tiên chổi, brooms, then with sau bụi; sau chổi, sau d First with Thoạt đầu dùng a lu thang khăn lau; tiếp đó, dusters; then on a nv ladders and steps and bước ghế, với trèo lên thang, u nf chairs, with a brush and bàn chải lên bậc cửa ll m a pail of whitewash; till thùng sơn trắng; cho ghế với SER n oi (C.te) he (R.pe) had đến (C.te) bàn chải tz dust in his (R.pe) throat (R.pe) có bụi cổ xô nước vôi mắt, cổ SER z and eyes, and splashes họng @ gm of whitewash all over vệt trắng mắt dính đầy aching and (R.pe), lơng đen m cánh tay đau nhức vấy đầy nước vôi, an Lu weary arms back co an l his (R.pe) black fur, and khắp lông đen bụi khắp n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.2 English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions Error types Nguyễn Tâm lưng đau nhừ mỏi mịn đơi tay rã rời Spring was moving in Mùa xuân Mùa xuân the (R.de) air above and chuyển động chuyển a lu in the (R.de) động earth không khí bên khoảng n n va below and around him trái đất bên không bên his mặt đất, LER (R.pe) dark and (R.pe), thâm khắp xung quanh, p ie gh tn to (R.pe), penetrating even xung quanh lowly little house with nhập ngơi chí thâm its (R.pe) spirit of divine nhà nhỏ bé tối tăm nhập vào SER oa nl w discontent and longing (R.pe) nhà nhỏ bé, tầm với tính khao khát thường tối om d khí nỗi bất a nv a lu thiêng liêng ll u nf bình khát khao m thần thánh It was small wonder, Sau đó, (C.te) có Rồi, chẳng SEC then (C.te), that tz n oi he thắc mắc nho nhỏ ngạc nhiên z (R.pe) suddenly flung (R.pe) đột ném bàn chải SER @ down his (R.pe) brush nhiên vứt bàn chải xuống sàn nhà mà gm l on the (R.de) floor, said xuống sàn nhà, nói nói “Bực thật!” co ‘Bother!’ and ‘O blow!’ ‘Làm phiền!’ Và ‘Ôi “Điên ruột!” m and also ‘Hang spring thổi!’ Và ‘Hãy cịn nói “Cái trò Lu an cleaning!’ and bolted out lau chùi mùa xuân!’ dọn dẹp vào dịp n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.3 English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions of the (R.de) Error types Nguyễn Tâm house Và lao khỏi nhà mùa xuân chết without even waiting to mà không cần chờ tiệt!” lao vọt put on his (R.pe) coat đợi để mặc vào áo khỏi nhà mà LER khoác anh chí khơng kịp mặc a lu áo khốc (R.pe) n n va Something up above was Một Một điều (R.pe) him gọi imperiously, and (C.ad) (R.pe) he (R.pe) made for the bướng ta phía SER anh p ie gh tn to calling cách khẩn thiết mời gọi nó, bước SER bỉnh, (R.de) steep little tunnel (C.ad) (R.pe) tới đường oa nl w which answered in his làm cho đường hầm vừa nhỏ vừa (R.pe) case to the (R.de) hầm nhỏ dốc đứng trả dốc dẫn tới lối d by residences are với xe ngựa chở với mặt trời u nf whose animals (R.pe) vật cư trú gần a nv owned a lu gravelled carriage-drive lời trường hợp trải sỏi LER ll nearer to the (R.de) sun hàng thuộc sở hữu khơng khí m tz n oi động vật có nơi and air gần mặt trời khơng khí z So (C.ca) he @ (R.pe) Vì (C.ca), Thế hì hục SEC gm scrabbled (R.pe) lại cào xé cào xé an he then (C.te) (R.pe) đào bới, vừa hối LER Lu (C.te) and m scrooged and vẩy vẩy sau lại nạo vét SEC co and l scraped and scratched cào xé cào xé đào bới nạo vét SER n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.4 English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions scrooged again Error types Nguyễn Tâm and cào xé, làm việc bàn chân nhỏ bé scrabbled and scratched bận rộn với bàn chân vừa lẩm and scraped, working nhỏ (R.pe) bẩm mình, busily with his (R.pe) lẩm bẩm với “Chúng a lu little paws and muttering mình, n n va to himself, ‘Up "Chúng ta lên ta nào! Chúng ta lên we (C.pe) thôi! Cuối nào!” nghe đánh SER go!’ till at last, pop! his đi! Mõm anh “bốp” cái! p ie gh tn to (R.pe) go! Up we (R.pe) (R.pe) (R.pe) snout came out (R.pe) bước ánh Mũi thị bên SER into the (R.de) sunlight, sáng mặt trời, anh ngồi đầy nắng thấy lăn thấy oa nl w and he (R.pe) found (R.pe) himself (R.pe) rolling in (R.pe) lăn lộn tròn thảm cỏ d a lu the (R.de) warm grass bãi cỏ ấm áp ấm áp đồng cỏ lớn đồng cỏ rộng lớn ‘This (R.de) is fine!’ he Điều (R.de) “Thảm tốt! Anh (R.pe) mịn ll n oi nói với is better Điều (R.de) tốt “Cịn mịn LER lớp vơi trắng!” @ The (R.de) so với quét vôi! z than whitewashing!’ SER thầm nhủ tz ‘This (R.de) SER thật!” m (R.pe) said to himself cỏ u nf a nv of a great meadow sunshine Ánh nắng gay gắt Ánh nắng chiếu gm l struck hot on his (R.pe) lông anh vào làm nóng SER co fur, soft breezes caressed (R.pe), lơng nó, m his (R.pe) heated brow, gió nhẹ vuốt ve vầng gió nhẹ mơn Lu vầng trán SER an and (C.ad) after the trán nóng bỏng man n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.5 English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions types Nguyễn Tâm (R.de) seclusion of the anh (R.de) Error (R.pe), hầm hập nó, cellarage he (C.ad) sau ẩn dật sau thời gian (R.pe) had lived in so hầm, anh lâu sống tách SER long (R.co) the (R.de) (R.pe) sống lâu biệt a lu carol of happy birds fell (R.co), tiếng hót hầm mình, n n va on his (R.pe) dulled chim hạnh tiếng chim hót ríu giác mờ mịt anh giác ù shout p ie gh tn to hearing almost like a phúc rơi vào thính rít đập vào thính SER (R.pe) gần giống gần off oa nl w 10 Jumping tiếng hét all tiếng quát his Nhảy khỏi bốn chân Nhảy vọt (R.pe) four legs at once, (R.pe) d chân, LER joy of lúc, niềm niềm vui a lu in the (R.de) bốn a nv living and the (R.de) vui sống niềm vui sống vui ll u nf delight of spring without mùa xuân mà nguồn m its (R.pe) cleaning, he không cần dọn dẹp, mùa xuân không SER pursued his anh (R.pe) theo đuổi cần quét dọn, n oi (R.pe) (R.de) tz (R.pe) way across the đường tiếp tục hành trình meadow till he (R.pe) qua đồng cỏ qua đồng cỏ cho z the (R.de) hedge on the (R.pe) đến hàng bờ giậu phía the thỏ già khoảng bác thỏ già từ an at an “Cố lên!” Một “Dừng lại!” NE Lu elderly rabbit said bên m up!’ rào phía bên co (R.de) further side l gm @ reached 11 ‘Hold anh đến tới LER (R.pe) n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an AP.6 English sentences containing the No references and Vietnamese Vietnamese sentences translated sentences by GT translated by conjunctions Error types Nguyễn Tâm (R.de) gap trống nói lỗ hỏng bờ giậu thị đầu quát 12 ‘Sixpence for the (R.de) Sixpence cho đặc “Nộp sáu penny NE a lu privilege of passing by quyền qua đường phép n n va the (R.de) đường riêng private riêng! tn to road!’ này!” 13 He (R.pe) was bowled Anh ta (R.pe) bị Bác ta sun SER p ie gh over in an instant by the quấy rối ngay vòi lại (R.de) impatient and Mole thấy anh chàng Mole, thiếu kiên nhẫn Chuột Chuỗi dáng oa nl w contemptuous who trotted along the khinh side of the chạy dọc theo bên khinh khỉnh túc a lu hedge chaffing cạnh hàng rào tắc dọc bờ a nv (R.de) người vẻ bực bội d (R.de) miệt, rabbits as they thỏ khác (R.co) giễu cợt m (R.co) ll u nf the (R.de) (R.de) other chọc ngoáy giậu, vừa vừa tz n oi (R.pe) peeped hurriedly chúng (R.pe) thỏ khác vội from their (R.pe) holes lút nhìn từ lỗ ghé mắt dòm qua LER z to see what the (R.de) chúng (R.pe) để xem cửa hang xem có hàng nói chuyện mà om he (R.pe) Onion-sauce!” Anh Thật láo xược!” SER m sauce!’ Onion- ‘Nước sốt hành tây! “Thật láo xược! co 14 ‘Onion-sauce! sòm l gm @ row was about Lu an remarked jeeringly, and (R.pe) giễu cợt nhận Chuột Chũi bình n va ac th Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn si C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn
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