A guide for drawing the acanthus

GUIDE for foaming THE ACANTHUS, AND EVEKY DESCRIPTION OF OENAMENTAL FOLIAGE; BY I PAGE, Ornamental Draftsman and Designer ILLUSTRATED WITH UPWARDS OF TWO HUNDRED WOOD-CUTS AND FIFTY-THREE ETCHINGS ON COPPER, DESCRIPTIVE OF THE VARIOUS CHARACTERS ALLUDED TO OF THE ITKIVERSITT Xtoitara : GLOSSARY OF TERMS USEFUL TO DRAFTSMEN Abacus, the upper member of the capital of a column Acroter, a pedestal on the summit of a column for supporting a statue Acroteria, small pedestals placed on the apex and other extremities of a pediment, originally intended to support statues Antce, pilasters attached to a wall Ashlar work, rough stone laid in irregular courses Bevelled, slopped off Buttress, the projecting portion of a building, used generally to strengthen a wall as well as give effect, in Gothic architecture, and when separated from the building by an arched piece, it termed a flying buttress or Sell, that part of the Campa, Corinthian cap, on which the foliage is placed, and on which is the abacus rests Congee, a species of moulding Corbel heads, the extremities of corbel stones, often carved Corbelled, one stone projecting over another to support a super- incumbent stone Corona, the crowning member of the entablature Corrugated, wavy or fluted Croivsteps, the coping stones of a gable rising one above another Crypt, a vault Cumuda, a kind of Hindu circular moulding Curbed, contracted towards the ceiling by being carried up into the roof Cuspa, points formed in the upper corners of the window by uniting the two curves Cyclopian walls, walls built with land stones heaped on each other without mortar and irregular Cap of a Chimney, the upper and Dado, the flat side of a pedestal between the plinth and the cor- moulding, with an ornament resembling a pigeon's head at its between the skirting and the chairs' back moulding in rooms Dormar windows, windows in a projecting part of the snaft Capotum, a kind of Hindu torus termination Cello,, the part enclosed by walls of a Grecian temple Check-plate, the piece of wood in the lintel of a doorway, against which the door shuts Chevron moulding, an indented moulding in the Anglo Norman nice ; applied also to the space roof Dressings to windo^vs, mouldings, lines or rather architectural and forms surrounding so as to prevent them windows, from being "mere holes in a wall." Chimney shafts,ihe part of a chimney which rises above the roof a species of moulding 'ngaged columns, columns attached to a wall, and projecting Cincture, a ring or fillet serving to divide the shaft of a column it half or three-quarters of their diameters .us, style from its capital and base Clere-story,the centre of a church, from Entablature, a horizontal mass placed on Grecian columns it : GLOSSARY OF TERMS Fascia, the face or principal member of the architrave, generally divided into three parts, to the Ionic, Composite and Corinthian Finial, a pointed ornament terminating a gable, in Gothic architecture Frets and guillochis Frets are ornaments composed of a series and small straight fillets of curved of a series guillochis fillets, intermixed with straight of ; lines Frieze, the plain surface between the corona and cornice, on which the triglyphs are placed in the Doric, and ornaments in the three remaining orders Frustum of a pyramid, the lower part, the upper having been cut off horizontally Greek cross, a rectangular cross, the limbs of which are all equal Haunches of an arch, the part behind the springing of the arch Inter columniation, the distance between the columns of any building Label moulding, an outer moulding, crowning a door or window head, always returned at the ends Lancet windows, windows formed with lancet heads, in the pointed style Lintels, the side pieces of a window-frame or doorway Lotus ornaments, the water-lily used by the Egyptians Minutes, division of 60, for working the orders of architecture, the foundation being the width of the base of any column Modules, equal parts into which a diameter is divided, for the purpose of facilitating its measurement or delineation, and then into minutes Mullions, upright pieces, dividing a window into three or more parts Mutules, the modillions in the Doric order are called inutules Neck of a chimney, the part immediately under the cap Newel the turning-post of a staircase Octostyle, a building with eight columns in front Pagoda caps, caps for ventilation Palm-leaf ornaments, leaves of the palm, in general used by the Romans Patera, an earthen cup, or vessel, used by the Romans Patera, an ornament something like a rose, used to conceal small openings Pilaster, a rectangular pillar at- tached to a wall Pinnacle, a pointed ornament terminating a pediment, or buttress Rustic-work, stones made rough, on the outer surface, by tools There are several kinds of rustic-work; the most common of which are the lined, in which the hollow marks are in straight and the yermiculated, or wormed, in which they are in curved ; or tortuous lines Soffits, the ceiling or under side of any member, or mouldings in a cornice Spandrels, the space between the springing of an arch and the flat surface it is intended to support Splayed, bevelled off String-courses, marked a.nd projecting lines of separation on the face of a building Tazza, a cup certain distinctive Triglyphs, marks in the frieze of the Doric order, and formed by three glyphs, or grooves Vestibule, an ante-hall, or inner porch Volutes, scrolls of the Ionic, Composite, and Corinthian caps CONTENTS PAGE HISTORY AND RULES FOR DRAWING THE ACANTHUS MOLLIS, PERPENDICULARLY RULES AND PRACTICE FOR DRAWING CURVILINEAR FOLIAGE, AS ADAPTED CHAPITERS TO RUNNING ON STARTING POINTS SCROLLS AND CORINTHIAN ON GRECIAN AND ROMAN ORNAMENT ON THE DESIGNING OF TROPHIES ON SWORDS AND OTHER ARMS 21 80 89 112 117 ON EGYPTIAN TEMPLES, HIEROGLYPHICS, SACRED ANIMALS AND COLUMNS, SUITABLE FOR EGYPTIAN DECORATIONS ON FRENCH ORNAMENT, WITH 120 A VARIETY OF RULES FOR COMPOSING THE SAME 134 ON FRETS AND GUILLOCHIS 156 ON ARABESQUE 160 ON ELIZABETHAN ON GOTHIC 167 DETAILS, AS REGARDS CURVILINEAR PORTIONS AND PERIODS ON GEOMETRY 210 221 ^> (UNIVERSITT) ^ PBEFACE " IT has often appeared to the Author of the TO ORNAMENTAL DRAWING," many GUIDE notwithstanding the that, valuable works that have been, and are at present on publishing and ancient ornament, from edifices, various foreign works, some other was required that to prepare the pupil and student, not as copyists, but for a much higher class in the art, to accomplish this has not many years' study, as their viz., own designers; been a very easy task a self-taught draftsman, After difficulties continually arose on the principle I followed, as a basis for improvement, and then accordingly of my memory all retentive in to paper, that ; never I saw, until referred to and thus I copying, my which, ; when mind a acquired, over the arts, patched, and meagre line, which it and corrected origin, always holds a predominancy in the many transmitted I proceeded, keeping in boldness and freedom of hand, pery, but holding is frip- aimed at by and, like all injurious habits, easily acquired, but until I accom- PREFACE xiv belonging to the use, and seeing the or characters many difficulties that in styles general appeared to others in copying from different works, for the want of perseverance to take the right method taught (merely to to draw the bough of a forest, tree, without and on receive instruction at schools are ideas, now first spoiled, knowing how many who whose innate properly trained, might have filled the if The object work occurred of this years ago, and after trying many paper) spoil this plan existing in our British schools of art tures five and their parents to please commence drawing a Pupils are generally vacuum and manufacto me about geometrical grams, those contained in this work occurred as dia- being the most simple and efficacious, but yet had not sufficient confidence to bring first them throwing them open to them, which has been principles laid down appreciated, both I revised who thought by no without means proper to follow few; and the work have since been duly in this by connoisseurs and amateurs, and no instance have they friends, all public, Subsequently I commenced their value knowing the to forth them failed By well, with the request of in many a determination to throw them open to the public at large, with feelings of arduous enthusiasm, which was really wanted to aid and improve the art of design the spirit of my Being dubious in entrusting wishes to another, I commenced this XV PREFACE want of classical literary attainments, it will on the part of my numerous being to give that instruction explanation art, ; my subscribers, when the engravings not so much therefore, that this self-instructor, labour work only wish under confined heads of as specimens of first but give that outline and form which sight of be pardoned is is bestowed usually lost It is hoped, will afford that assistance as a and be a valuable auxiliary and remem- brancer to the universal draftsman, it will then repay the labours of yours, obediently, I PAGE RULES FOR DRAWING THE N introducing to the attention of the student, artist, mechanic, and the public whom a solely this first general, to work may concern, of History of its being in the Acanthus, brought into notice, as regards the adaptation in architectural details, would be of little n many, and y t quainted with original service, to the it, it although known to youth and others unac- may be interesting, if not A virgin died at Corinth, and being buried under or near a pyramidical tomb, her nurse or companion, after her interment, placed her jewels, &c., for which she shewed a parti- C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 237 OENAMENTAL DEAWING find will you altitude; the ifc way only of describing an hyperbolic curve with facility The of difficulty obtaining a quantity of division in a small space, as I before mentioned, now draw your with the compasses, I will at- To prevent your perforating the tention to paper like a sieve, divide, for instance, one inch in length into you would, no twenty parts; doubt, go a great many times over that line before you would get the right division, but, on reference to the erring principle to plate, you will find an un- Let a be the work upon base, at a right angle, with that carry pendicular line, a dom run up your if you go to 6, of any height, divisions, work accurately draw parallel side to side, until number ; d Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn and at ran- after this is done, lines, you have of divisions, as up a per- no matter how many, carry a converging line from c to your base c e; b, and from touching from sufficient for your from each that, at intersecting on the angle, carry parallel lines C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an GUIDE TO 238 these lines to the base, the are obtained This is number of divisions exceedingly valuable in ardividing modules into minutes, in drawing chitecture; in fact, in every small divisions are required Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn instance when C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an on Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn m C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 239 ORNAMENTAL DRAWING ON MOULDINGS MANY me to of my readers attribute may the above-mentioned por- for inserting tions of architecture, and perhaps say, that No: has nothing to with ornament will allow There certainly moulding in a running boundary of it, scroll, is and that according As the moulding surrounding it be in accordance with it, it that I no occasion for but there racter or style, of course to blame is in the to the cha- a matter of fact, should and ought but it is not always the case; and to prove to you the necessity of such information, is the reason I trespass thus Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn far This portion of decoration is an indispen- C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an GUIDE TO 240 of the mouldings, your being acquainted with of utility how would an ornamented appear, without the upper mouldings a cornice, and protection to and ornamental gin, risings, tect, strengthen, buildings the bas-relief all and which, in their ori- are eight, and first 1, by the Greeks, to pro- and unite the whole of their ? The number fig formed were of a rude and massive form, brought into a subordinate one The frieze of mouldings generally used each and every one of and most simple form which is is utility the fillet, smallest in proportion to the the whole of the others, and its chief use is to divide the superior mouldings, and prevent the heavy inharmonious effect that would be pro- duced by two or more geometrical mouldings being placed together Fig may is the astragal, or round be, if required, ornamented as fillet, fig which Its Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn chief use is to divide the capital from the shaft and be either of column or C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LI OF THE UNIVERSITT Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 241 ORNAMENTAL DRAWING Fig much bolder same character, but of a of the is form, and chiefly used in the base moulding of a column, and termed exterior jects end is no further than the the plinth, as Fig now got from the point it, proved upon which is is is Roman so massive an appear- that, at the present day, the in- of genius is vertical line in face of fig mouldings; but there what and pro- a, used in an admixture of chiefly ventive The the ovolo, or quarter round, and is ance with alorus it architects has greatly im- and adhered more strictly to termed the Grecian ovolo, as fig much in ap- lighter Fig pearance is and more graceful 7, the quarter of a circle, and gained from the point, a; but the Grecian got from any acute angle You may the projection and depth of your is allow for moulding, from any angle you please, keeping the circular Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn end in proportion, as Fig is fig termed the cavetto, or hollow C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an GUIDE TO 242 before described; is it employed in chiefly co- vering the other members; and, being strong at the obtained from the point, Fig is the projection moulding, draw the angular which divisions will you strike when joined, Fig 10 manner a line, form the bases lateral triangles, as a e d, e, When of h, your which divide into two equal parts, as at c; will point is a the cyma-recta, or cymatium you have ascertained you This extreme points, supports others is is c b, and and from d, two equi- From c b e, the a c; which the cymatreum of the moulding the ogee, and drawn in the same It is a as fig 9, but reversed ing well adapted to from the strength of very rich for effect is support its other mould- members, extreme points produced in this A moulding by turning the top end, and leaving a small is termed a opening, as fig 11 shews, and of quirked moulding, by having the appearance Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn a black line, by the indentation of the hollow C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an OF THE UNIVERSITY Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 248 ORNAMENTAL DRAWING as the above, in an inverted position for base and used mouldings only 13 Fig is a very peculiar moulding, and used to give power to the surrounding members, and to effect a profile : it is termed a After you have determined the mouth scotia good projection of your top and bottom extremity, as a is the perpendicular line, a b, into three equal parts, c, and from the point, describe the quarter circle, a e; e g, d, then divide the horizontal line, e f, into five equal parts the point, f, draw divided From and by striking an arc from the point, /, from the two inner divisions, will give c h, you the point to intersect your angle, and from that angle you dicular, b raise your perpen- the extremity of which you divide li y into three equal parts ; then strike the arc, g k ; from that you strike the remainder of the to complete the mouldings, from from k to study, This moulding and Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn I would advise is h, arc, which is an excellent you not to be C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 244 GUIDE TO There is another more simple way of obtain- ing this moulding, by merely dividing the height into three parts, two which for will form the width, by intersecting six parts, as diagram point, a, will give you the arc from b the point, d, will form the other arc, c, The and from c e I think I have treated on every thing necessary for your instruction, ac- my cording to and as my promise; last advice (al- though it has been repeated before) assiduously daunted at that which until study well and good, and feel not trifling obstacles that rest assured, after rest, is is, may occur surmounting one, you you have surmounted overtopped the apex of difficulties ; will others, ; then for, not and all must run smooth, and your labours be repaid : and whilst you are performing these energetic Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn feats of perseverance to reach perfection in the C.vT.Bg.Jy.Lj.Tai lieu Luan vT.Bg.Jy.Lj van Luan an.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd.vT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.LjvT.Bg.Jy.Lj.dtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn