The effect of online extensive reading on student attitude towards reading at vus m a

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS & LITERATURE THE EFFECT OF ONLINE EXTENSIVE READING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS READING AT VUS A thesis submitted to the Faculty of English Linguistics & Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master‟s degree in TESOL By NGO MAI LAN HUONG Supervised by Le Thi Thanh, Ph.D HO CHI MINH CITY, OCTOBER 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my most sincere thanks to all the people who have supported and contributed to my thesis First and foremost, I am really grateful to my supervisor – Dr Le Thi Thanh for her invaluable guidance, support, and comments throughout my thesis completion She has been the most patient and understanding person, helping me get through my toughest challenges with her knowledge and compassion Without her guidance, I would not be able to complete this study I would also like to give my special thanks to Vietnam US Society English language center for offering a place and opportunity to conduct this research Thanks to their support and cooperation, I was able to conduct this research successfully I owe many thanks to my students who have enthusiastically participated in research and readily shared their opinions and suggestions for my study Their contribution was truly priceless to my thesis Last but not least, I am greatly thankful to my parents who have given me love, strength, and encouragement during my years of studying and completing this paper They were the force that propelled me forwards in my moments of weakness i STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certified my authorship of the Master‟s thesis submitted entitled THE EFFECT OF ONLINE EXTENSIVE READING ON STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS READING AT VUS In terms of the Requirements for Theses in Master program issued by the Higher Degree Committee The thesis has not previously been submitted for any degree or diploma at any Universities or Institutions Ho Chi Minh, March 8th, 2022 Ngô Mai Lan Hương ii RETENTION AND USE OF THESIS I hereby state that I, Ngo Mai Lan Huong, being a candidate for the M.A in TESOL Degree, accept the requirement of the University relating to the retention and use of Master‟s Theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the library for the care, loan or reproduction of theses Ho Chi Minh, March 8th, 2022 Ngo Mai Lan Huong iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ii RETENTION AND USE OF THESIS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATION vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Scope of the study 1.7 Organization of thesis chapters CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Reading 2.2 Intensive reading 2.3 Extensive reading 2.4 Extensive reading principles 2.5 Online extensive reading 12 2.6 Attitude towards reading 13 2.7 Previous studies 14 2.8 Theoretical framework 19 2.9 Conceptual framework 20 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Research design 23 3.2 Research site 23 3.3 Sample and sampling procedures 24 iv 3.4 Research instruments 24 3.4.1 Questionnaires 24 3.4.2 Semi-structured interview 25 3.5 Research participants 25 3.6 Application of OERP 27 3.7 Data collection procedures 28 3.7.1 Questionnaires 29 3.7.2 Semi-structured interview 31 3.8 Data analysis procedures 32 3.9 Summary 32 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 34 4.1 Comparing control and experimental groups‟ attitude towards reading English pre- OERP 34 4.1.1 Comfort level 34 4.1.2 Anxiety level 36 4.1.3 Practical value 37 4.1.4 Intellectual value 38 4.1.5 Linguistic value 40 4.1.6 Intention for action 41 4.2 Comparing control and experimental groups‟ attitude towards reading English post- OERP 42 4.2.1 Comfort level 42 4.2.2 Anxiety level 44 4.2.3 Practical value 45 4.2.4 Intellectual value 46 4.2.5 Linguistic value 48 4.2.6 Intention for action 49 4.2.7 Students reading behavior post-OERP 54 4.3 Experimental group‟s Students‟ attitude towards OERP 55 4.3.1 Students opinion about OERP 56 4.3.2 Students‟ expectations and suggestions for future programs 57 v 4.4 Discussion of the findings 58 4.4.1 OERP effect on students attitude towards reading English 58 4.4.2 Students reading habits after OERP 59 4.4.3 Students reflection on OERP 60 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 63 5.1 Conclusion 63 5.2 Implications 64 5.2.1 English teachers 64 5.2.2 Education administrator 65 5.3 Limitations of the study 65 5.4 Recommendations for future studies 66 REFERENCES 67 APPENDICES 72 Appendix A1: Instruction for Online Extensive Reading (English version) 72 A e dix A H gd c ch c g i e 73 Appendix B1: ENTRY QUESTIONAIRE (English version) 74 Appendix B2: ENTRY QUESTIONAIRE (Vietnamese version) 77 Appendix C1: EXIT QUESTIONNAIRE (English version) 80 Appendix C2: EXIT QUESTIONNAIRE (Vietnamese version) 83 Appendix D1: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL (English version) 87 Appendix D2: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL (English version) 88 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION IR Intensive Reading IRS Intensive Reading strategies ER Extensive Reading ERS Extensive reading strategies OER Online Extensive Reading OERP Online Extensive Reading Program VUS Vietnam US Society English International JSC vii LIST OF TABLES Tables page Table 3.1 Comparison of participants of both groups 26 Table 3.2 The brief summary of pilot questionnaire items 30 Table 3.3 Reliability of the pilot questionnaire 30 Table 3.4 Reliability of the official questionnaire 31 Table 4.5 Statistical analysis of Linguistic value of Control and Experimental groups pre-OERP 40 Table 4.6 Statistical analysis of Intention for action of Control and Experimental groups pre-OERP 41 Table 4.7 Statistical analysis of Comfort level of the Control group‟s pre-and postprogram 42 Table 4.8 Statistical analysis of Comfort level of the Experimental group pre-and post-program 43 Table 4.9 Statistical analysis of Anxiety level of the Control group pre- and postprogram 44 Table 4.10 Statistical analysis of Anxiety level of the Experimental group pre- and post-program 44 Table 4.11 Statistical analysis of Practical value of the Control group pre- and postprogram 45 Table 4.12 Statistical analysis of Practical value of the Experimental group pre- and post-program 46 Table 4.13 Statistical analysis of Intellectual value of the Control group pre- and post-program 46 Table 4.14 Statistical analysis of Intellectual value of the Experimental group preand post-program 47 Table 4.15 Statistical analysis of Linguistic value of the Control group pre- and post-program 48 viii Table 4.16 Statistical analysis of Linguistic value of the Experimental group preand post-program 48 Table 4.17 Statistical analysis of Intention for action of the Control group pre- and post-program 49 Table 4.18 Statistical analysis of Intention for action of the Experimental group preand post-program 50 Table 4.19 Students‟ opinion about OERP 56 Table 4.20 Students‟ suggestions for OERP 57 ix Appendix B1: ENTRY QUESTIONAIRE (English version) My dear students, I am currently an MA student at University of Social Sciences and Humanities I am researching on the effect of Online Extensive reading on students‟ attitude towards reading English This questionnaire will take no longer than 15 minute There is no right or wrong answers and it does not account for your grade in class All collected data will be kept strictly confidential and only be used for research purpose Please tick the box provided to show your consent to be part of the research  Thank you so much for your help Sincerely, Part A: PERSONAL INFORMATION Gender:  male  female Age :  under 20  21-30  Over 30 How long have you been learning English?  less than years  2-5 years  more than years Do you have any problem reading English in your daily life?  Yes  No If yes, what problems you have? Are you willing to participate in the interview if being invited? yes no 74 Part B: QUESTIONNAIRE CONTENT Attitude towards Reading English Please rate how much you agree with these following statements by ticking () (1) Strongly disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly agree Reading English includes reading comics, newspapers, magazines, comments on social media/ social network, lyrics, movies subtitle, Tik Tok subtitle, games etc 1 I can get various kinds of information when I read English Reading English is troublesome I regularly look for information on the internet in English Reading English is useful for my future career I feel anxious when I see new vocabulary items in the reading texts I can learn new English words if I read more English texts I look for news in English on my own Reading English more can help me get higher score in class I feel relaxed when read English 10 I feel anxious that I may not understand anything when I read English 11 Reading English is boring 75 12 I regularly read English for fun 13 I can get new ideas when I read English 14 I feel tired when I read English 15 I can improve my English skills if I read English more 16 I feel anxious when I'm not sure what the texts is about 17 Reading English is enjoyable 18 English can help me get a job easier 19 I feel refreshed and rested when I read English 20 I can learn new things about other countries when I read English 21 I regularly read English outside of classroom, even when my teacher does not ask me to so 22 Reading English is stressful 23 I usually look for English reading texts to read 76 Appendix B2: ENTRY QUESTIONAIRE (Vietnamese version) PHI U H OS T C c b n th n m n, Cô hi n ang l h c vi n cao h c ng nh L lu n v Phương ph p gi ng d y ti ng Anh t i trư ng Khoa h c X h i v Nh n v n Cô ang thực hi n nghi n c u v T c d ng c a phương ph p c mở r ng l n quan i m c a h c sinh v vi c Ti ng Anh Kh o s t n y ch m t kho ng 15 ph t Không c p n ng hay Sai, c ng không t nh v o i m tr n l p h c T t c m i thông tin c a c c b n s c gi k n v ch d nh N uc cb n ng ph c v cho m c tham gia kh o s t, h y ch nghi n c u nh d u tick () v o ô n y  C m ơn sự h p t c c a c c b n Ph A TH NG TIN C NH N Gi i t nh:  Nam Tu i:  dư i 20  21-30 B n N  Trên 30 h c Ti ng Anh c bao l u?  t n m B n c v n C N uc ,v n g 2 – n m tr n n m c Ti ng Anh cu c s ng thư ng ng y không?  Không m b n g p ph i l g ? B n c s n s ng tham gia ph ng v n n u c m i không?  C Không 77 c  Ph N I DUNG B nh y c ch H OS T nh gi m c c ab n i v i nh ng ph t bi u sau (4) ng (2) Không ng Vi c g A h ba g gx h i g Ti ng (5) Ho n to n c Ti t c vi c i h c h t a h b h t c i Ti T gA h T i th Ti gt g ti t vi c c t i c i th g ti t gb g gA h c Ti c hi u th gA h c Ti gA hc ch ch s ghi c at it g t g T i th y c t g th gb i g hi c t v c Ti t t v g i hi t i c g bi t v c ti t c b g Ti g A h hi u s gi gA h t i t c i c Ti gA h ca g T i c 10 T i t i h gA h T i t t g c T i c th h c th Ti ch b h u ga es vv gA h T i c th thu Ti ki n ng c t uy hi (3) Không c Ti y b ng nh d u tick () v o c c ô tương ng (1) Ho n to n không b ng th y th i gt is h i hi g hi u g hi c gA h 78 v c Ti 11 gA h t h ch 12 T i th g c Ti gA h gi i t 13 T i th g y a t i hi 14 T i th y t t g i hi 15 T i c th c i thi b g c ch 16 Tôi c v c Ti 17 18 Ti gA hc a h g A h hi u hơ th y a g gA h c Ti g A h g Ti c Ti c Ti g hi t i h iv v g hi u g gA h t th v g A h s gi t i i cc g vi c d d g hơ 19 hi c Ti g A h t i c th y t t h v th gi 20 T i c th h c h c hi t i 21 T i th h 22 g c Ti 23 T i th A h g c hi u i u c Ti gA h c Ti gA h gay c ih it i h i t hi gi vi h th g A h g y ch t i c g xuy i v c c u c gia i gi c c c c v c 79 g th g Ti g Appendix C1: EXIT QUESTIONNAIRE (English version) Part A: Attitude towards Reading English Please rate how much you agree with these following statements by ticking () (1) Strongly disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly agree Reading English includes reading comics, newspapers, magazines, comments on social media/ social network, lyrics, movies subtitle, Tik Tok subtitle, games etc 1 I can get various kinds of information when I read English Reading English is troublesome I regularly look for information on the internet in English Reading English is useful for my future career I feel anxious when I see new vocabulary items in the reading texts I can learn new English words if I read more English texts I look for news in English on my own Reading English more can help me get higher score in class I feel relaxed when read English 10 I feel anxious that I may not understand anything when I read English 11 Reading English is boring 80 12 I regularly read English for fun 13 I can get new ideas when I read English 14 I feel tired when I read English 15 I can improve my English skills if I read English more 16 I feel anxious when I'm not sure what the texts is about 17 Reading English is enjoyable 18 English can help me get a job easier 19 I feel refreshed and rested when I read English 20 I can learn new things about other countries when I read English 21 I regularly read English outside of classroom, even when my teacher does not ask me to so 22 Reading English is stressful 23 I usually look for English reading texts to read 81 Part B: Attitude towards OERP Please rate how much you agree with these following statements by ticking () (1) Strongly disagree (2) Disagree (3) Neutral (4) Agree (5) Strongly agree I enjoyed the OER sessions The OER program was useful After the OER session, I feel motivated to choose my own English materials to read I prefer reading printed texts to online texts After the OER program, I started to read more for fun in English Do you have any other comments about the OER sessions? What did you like/ dislike? Did you experience any benefits? (please specify) 82 Appendix C2: EXIT QUESTIONNAIRE (Vietnamese version) PHI U Ph A H O S T V VI C B nh y c ch ng C TI NG ANH c ab n i v i nh ng ph t bi u sau y b ng nh d u tick () v o c c ô tương ng Ho n to n không (1) (4) ng (2) Không ng Vi c ng (5) Ho n to n c Ti t b nh gi m c H OS T g A h ba g gx h i g Ti i h c c vi c h c t uy hi (3) Không c ng t a h b h t c i Ti T Ti c hi u th g ti t vi c c gA h c Ti gA h T i th gt t i c i th g ti t gb g gA h c Ti gA hc ch ch s ghi c at it g t g Tôi th y c t g th gb i c Ti t T i c g t i h g bi t t v g i hi t i c v gA h T i t t g hi c t v c T i c th h c th Ti vv gA h T i c th thu Ti ch b h u ga es ki n c ti t c b g Ti g A h hi u s gi gA h t i t c i c Ti gA h g th y th i i hi 83 ca 10 T i gt is Ti h g hi u g hi c v gA h c Ti 11 gA h t h ch 12 T i th g c Ti gA h gi i t 13 T i th g y a t i hi 14 T i th y t t g i hi 15 T i c th c i thi b g c ch 16 Tôi c v c Ti 17 18 Ti gA hc a h g A h hi u hơ th y a g gA h c Ti g A h g Ti c Ti c Ti g hi t i h iv v g hi u g gA h t th v g A h s gi t i i cc g vi c d d g hơ 19 hi c Ti g A h t i c th y t t h v th gi 20 T i c th h c h c hi t i 21 T i th h 22 g c Ti 23 T i th A h g c hi u i u c Ti gA h c Ti gA h gay c ih it i h i t hi gi vi h th g A h g y ch t i c g xuy i v c c u c gia i gi c c c c v c 84 g th g Ti g Ph C B nh y c ch NH N V CH nh gi m c ng c ab n C R NG ONLINE i v i nh ng ph t bi u sau y b ng nh d u tick () v o c c ô tương ng (1) Ho n to n không (4) NG TR NH ng (2) Không ng ng (5) Ho n to n (3) Không c ng 1 T i t th ch ch g t Ch g t h c h c g g i e ki n i e t h u ch cho Sau hi tha g t ic th h gia v ch g t th y c g gt i i u h cb T i th ch h c ct i g ti gia ch g t i e t ib t u c ti c gA h c t i i u i hơ t i i u Sau hi tha v h i e c gA h g gi i t hi u hơ ch g ch g t h c g i ec c i thi h gg th ch h g th ch i u g hi t i ghi ch g t h 85 c h c u t g c g h u ch t ch g t c v gi i th ch h h g gb c th d 86 Appendix D1: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL (English version) Introduction: Thank you for agreeing to take part in this interview It will last for 10 minutes I will ask some questions about reading English online You can choose to answer or not and stop at any time you want The interview is not for any academic assessment With your permission, the interview will be recorded All of your personal information will be kept strictly confidential Interview questions How often did you read English online? Why? (Once a week, twice a week, everyday, etc) When reading English, how much did you read? The whole text some parts of the text a few lines then stop reading Why did you choose these text? Did you get distracted during the reading session? What were the reasons? (The content was not interesting enough, the text was too difficult, outside factors such as noises, etc) 87 Appendix D2: INTERVIEW PROTOCOL (English version) B NG PHỎNG VẤN L im u: C m ơn c c b n ng ý tham gia cu c ph ng v n Cu c ph ng s kéo dài vịng 10 phút Cơ s h i m t s câu h i li n quan n vi c c ti ng Anh online B n có th ch n tr l i câu h i ho c không b n có th d ng cu c ph ng v n b t c lúc b n mu n Cu c ph ng v n không nh m m c N u b n c a b n s ch c ghi âm l i T t c thông tin cá nhân ng ý cu c ph ng v n s c gi bí m t t nh gi k t qu h c t p c a b n i Câu h i ph ng v n: B n c thư ng xuy n c ti ng Anh online không? (1 lần tuần, lần tuần, ngày, vv.) T i sao? Khi toàn b c ti ng Anh, b n o nv n T i b n ch n c c bao nhiêu? v i dòng sau c vài phần, c nh ng n i dung ng ng hẳn ? Khi c b n có b phân tâm khơng? Vì gì? (N i dung h p dẫn, c khó, y u t bên ngoài, v.v) 88