CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Necessity and research overview 1.1.1.Rationale (Necessity of the research) Vietnam is a country with a diversity of climates and soils, which can be widely distributed throughout the country Distribution influenced climate factors and characteristics of growth and development of medicinal plants Most focus remains where the terrain is mountainous and home to many populations of forest (northern mountainous area; the Red River Delta provinces, the western provinces of Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, ; The Kon Tum province, Lam Dong province, An Giang province ) According to statistics survey results in 2016 Vietnam has recorded over 5,000 species of plants and mushrooms used as medicine which about 70 species have the potential to exploit and develop planting medicinal materials created to serve the needs of domestic use and towards exports with reserves estimated at 18 372 tonnes per year Although great potential for developing herbal medicine, But as the size of medicinal plant cultivation and production is still small fragmentation, spontaneity, lack of cohesion and unstable pharmaceutical market so the cultivation of medicinal plants encountered many difficulties Strictly control the quality of medicinal herbs in circulation, medicinal herbs of unclear provenance, origin and smuggled medicinal herbs, it is a direct solution for the development cultivation and exploitation of medicinal herbs, dominate the domestic markets Over the years, the State has many measures to develop medicinal plants as However, despite great potential of medicinal resources, there is a paradox that Vietnam now only satisfies 25% of its demand, with the remaining 75% depending on imported products from Chinese and Indians and some others countries… The years although the State had the right policies as promulgated the 2005 Pharmacy Law and in Decree No 79/2006 / ND-CP of the Government dated 08/09/2006 regulations detailing the implementation of some articles of the Pharmaceutical Law, which concludes: "Developing and turning the pharmaceutical industry into key economic sector, to prioritize the development of the pharmaceutical industry " Particularly with the development of medicinal plant also has a lot of decisions of the Party and State, from Decree to Circulars, the decisions of the Government and Ministries concerned was issued and created a policy framework to develop medicinal herbs However, these policies are still inadequate in practice, from the system of policies, to organize the management and inspection of the development of medicinal herbs The most obvious is the hierarchical assignment status and coordination in the management of medicinal herbs are still overlapped; inspection work, price, the implementation of planning at many places, many localities is loose Facing this situation, research topics: "The role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs in some Northern provinces of Vietnam" that have practical significanceon on both theory and practice 1.1.2 Overview of the research on the role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs 1.1.2.1 Research on the development of medicinal herbs The dissertation has reviewed the research related to this subject in two respects I) To develop medicinal herbs, such as the contents of development of medicinal herbs, conditions for development of medicinal herbs; the significance of developing medicinal herbs in socio-economic development; II) To Research related to the role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs such as the role of the State and factors influencing the State's role in the development of medicinal herbs, The thesis argues that, in general, the research have been conducted on or stopped at the analysis of the development of the pharmaceutical industry, or on planning for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in general, but have not yet depth analysis which is the role does the State plays in the development of the pharmaceutical industry, how does State management affect the development of medicinal herbs? What is the achievement of reality and role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs in our country in the past years? What are the limitations? What are the causes of that limitation? How to improve the role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs in our country in the coming years? These are the issues that this thesis will address in order to clarify 1.2 Objectives, tasks, subject, scope and methodology 1.2.1 Objectives and tasks of the research The objective of the thesis is based on the current role of the state in the development of medicinal herbs, suggestions viewpoint, direction and the solution to improve the role of the state for the development of medicinal herbs in our country in the coming years Tasks: (I) To clarify the basis of theoretical and practical role in the development of medicinal plants of State (II) To analyze the realitiy of State's role for developing medicinal herbs in some northern province in Vietnam, pointing out the achievements, limitations and restrictions cause (III) To recommend perspective, direction and solutions to strengthen the role of the State to develop medicinal herbs in some northern provinces in Vietnam the next years 1.2.2 Subjects and scope The Subjects of the study is the role of the State in the development of medicinal herbs There are many different approaches to the role of State From a political economy perspective, the thesis approaches the role of the State in building the legal system and policies; develop and organize the implementation of the plan and inspecte and supervise the implementation of plan, plans to develop medicinal plants Inaddition, the State including Central government and Local government (province, city, district, town and ward) In this thesis, the author approaches the role of local government However the implementation of the role of local government can not be separated the management of the Central Ministries and Branches, so in this thesis attention to the role of the Ministry in coordination with the Local government to develop medicinal plants Scope of research About Content: The dissertation focuses on the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants However, the development of medicinal plants includes many contents In this thesis, only research on the role of the state in the cultivation of medicinal plants without research on the collection and processing of medicinal herbs About Space: Research in some Northern provinces of Vietnam, taking the actual data through investigation, survey in three provinces of North Vietnam as Bac Giang, Hung Yen and Ha Giang and represent Medicinal plants areas of the Red River Delta, the climate in the high mountains is quite tropical and the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region These are also localities representing the Medicinal plants regions is planned according to National project on planning medicinal herbs About time: Collect and analyze the document information about the realily situation in the years from 2011 to 2016 and recommendations to 2025 1.2.3 Research Methodology 1.2.3.1 Develop analytical framework of thesis In this study, the author aims to solve the research problem the role of the State with the development of medicinal plants as an analytical framework in Diagram 1: Factors influencing the role of the State - The policy and perspective to develop medicinal plants - Management apparatus, executive capacity and the State management at levels - Coordination in implementation - Capacity and sense of Growers Contents of the role of the State 1) The legal system and policies of the State on the development of medicinal plants; 2) The organization and management of policy implementation: planning, implementation and direct the implementation 3) Inspection, supervision the implementation of developing medicinal plants Impacts on development conditions - Exploiting the natural conditions, socio-economic of the locality; - Building infrastructure for development of medicinal plants - Development needs Medicinal plants industry - Raising the capacity of organizations and Growers Development of medicinal plants Scale Development Structure Development Effectiveness Development Solutions to enhance the role of the state Diagram Analytical framework of the thesis 1.2.3.2 Data Collection Methods Secondary Data Collection Methods, Secondary data was collected from the scientific works have been published from the publisher, specialized journals at domestic and abroad related to the theoretical and practical on the role of the State in the development of medicinal plants Simultaneously authors also conducted to collect reports on the development of medicinal plants of the Ministries, Branches and Localities concerned Moreover, the author will also use information from relevant Web sites to update the research topic Primary Data Collection Methods, to collect primary data the author has developed a survey questionnaire and has interviewed units (Households, enterprises) which grow medicinal herbs, managers at all levels on management and development of medicinal herbs; The dissertation conducted survey and interviewed 238 units, the household’s plant medicinal herbs and 100 management staffs in three provinces of the North: Bac Giang, Hung Yen and Ha Giang to collect data information according to the form Data processing, the author uses Exel to process the survey and interview materials to make comments, evaluate about reality role of the State and the desire to strengthen the role of the State in developing medicinal plants in some Northern provinces of Vietnam for the coming years; simultaneously compare the cases, identify the similarities and differences, synthesizes and compares the practical results 1.2.3.3 Data analysis methods Use Comparative method to consider the situation of growing medicinal plants between units (company, cooperative with households) and between the provinces as Hung Yen, Ha Giang, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Bac Can, are the localities in recent years having many policies to develop medicinal herbs to assess the role of the State for the production model planting medicinal herbs in provinces since then have specific recommendations for each type of production model and each locality Using Descriptive statistics method through the tables, diagrams, drawings to clarify the development of medicinal plants and the role of the State in Policy mechanisms plans, organization and management plan, how does monitoring affect the development of medicinal plants? As well as the influence of the factors affecting the performance of the role of the State in the development of medicinal plants CHAPTER 2: THE PROBLEM OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE ON THE ROLE OF THE STATE FOR DEVELOP MEDICINAL HERBS 2.1 Development of medicinal herbs and its implications for socio-economic development 2.1.1 Development of medicinal herbs: Concept and classification 2.1.1.1 Concept of medicinal plants On the basis of presenting some concepts of medicinal (herbs) plants, the thesis is that: Medicinal plants are plants used to make medicines or to replenish the body when people use it 2.1.1.2 Classification of medicinal plants Authors classify plants based on time, to classify medicinal plants and propose management measures Accordingly medicinal plants are classified into Short-term crops (harvesting time ranges from one to three years), and Perennial crops (harvesting time more than three years) 2.1.2 The content of growing medicinal plants 2.1.2.1 Develop the scale of medicinal plants The scale of development of medicinal plants reflects the size of households and enterprises planting medicinal herbs Indicators reflecting the medicinal plant scale are measured by value and artifacts In terms of value it is expressed in the annual production value of VND thousand dong; in term of artifacts it is represented by the output, area, number of employees, capital size of each crop 2.1.2.2 To develop the structure of medicinal plants Structure of medicinal plants is the proportion of medicinal plants In this thesis, the author based on the time of planting and harvesting medicinal plants to study medicinal plants structure are short-term crops and perennial crops 2.1.2.3 Quality and efficiency of medicinal plants Quality of medicinal plants is ability to satisfy demand the user of medicinal herbs on the production, processing materials, serving for healing activities The thesis points out that, although satisfying demand of the user about quality characteristics must also satisfy demand with reasonable prices The author’s conception: The effective of developing medicinal herbs is an general targets of the results of production and business, income, life and work of the people who plant medicinal herbs 2.1.3 The conditions developed medicinal plants 2.1.3.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions of the locality Thesis asserted Natural conditions are the basic premise for organically grown medicinal plants The influence of natural conditions on the development of medicinal herbs expression of the direct impact of fluctuations in the weather, the climate, the volatility of natural resources, etc Socio-economic conditions affecting the sustainable development of the medicinal herbs industry are considered by several factors: soils, labor resources, infrastructure development, policies, etc 2.1.3.2 Infrastructure for growing medicinal plants In the thesis, the system of infrastructure for development of medicinal plants includes the transportation system, electric power supply system, water, drainage, post and telecommunications, research facilities and application of science and technology about medicinal herbs, etc The thesis affirmed that in the process of industrialization, modernization of agriculture and rural areas, these infrastructures create favorable conditions for the application of scientific and technological progress, reduce environmental pollution, and contribute to sustainable development on Socio-Economic 2.1.3.3 The development of the medicinal plants industry The thesis that, development of medicinal plants industry is an important factor affect the development of growing medicinal herbs; this is the most important basis for the development of medicinal plants both scale and product tructure, the type of medicinal plants as well as the growth rate, are the foundation to make decisions of the manager; it provides for households, enterprises growing medicinal herbs market information, signals about reasonable prices, create conditions to support the activities of medicinal plant sector is more efficient 2.1.3.4 Capacity of organizations and individuals raising medicinal herbs The dissertation affirmed that: organization, individuals cultivating medicinal herbs which the direct is a decisive factor to the scale, the quality of the medicinal herbs as well as the ability to conserve rare medicinal herbs of nature Management capacity, farming experience and awareness of the organization and individual higher farming yields and quality output of products from medicinal plants will increase more In the thesis, the author refers to households and organizations such as the companies, cooperatives growing medicinal plants 2.1.4 The meaning of growing medicinal plants in development socio-economic According to the author, the development of medicinal plants will: i) To supply raw materials for the development of the medicinal plants industry ii) To create jobs and increase income for the units and individuals which growing medicinal herbs; iii) To contribute to increase the state budget, to promote the development of economic and social 2.2 The role of the state in the development of medicinal plants: Content and influence factors 2.2.1 The essentially role of the State in the development of medicinal plants 2.2.1.1 The concept of State's role in the development of medicinal plants The role of the state in the development of medicinal plants the government's use of policy tools to manage the development of medicinal plants by businesses, production and business organizations and households in accordance with the approved plan for development of medicinal plants 2.2.1.2 Decentralize the role of the State in the development of medicinal plants To clarify the nature and role of government at all levels in the development of medicinal plants, thesis asserts that: Whatever the levels, in conditions of market economy the role of State are focus on the key points: i) Creation of a legal framework for the operation of businesses and households to grow medicinal herbs; ii) Organization the construction and implementation planning, plans to develop production and business, develop and implement policies to create opportunities for all types of businesses, households cultivated medicinal herbs have access to development resources; iii) Organize inspection, monitory, review and assess, adjust, improving the system of legal documents and implementation planning, planning and develop policy about growing medicinal herbs However, each level of government in the implementation of the content on this role of State differs on the scope and legal position In terms of scope, the role of the Central state is broader than the whole country, while the role of the state at the local level is the limit for each locality (province, or district) In terms of legal status, the role of at the Central state level is largely determined by legal regulations that are strictly enforced on the basis of coercion by the State through the systems as Laws, ordinances, decrees, circulars, decisions affecting the whole country; and the role of the State at the local level is mainly implemented through Legal documents of the State in the form of decisions and guidelines of measures of local government 2.2.2 The role of the state in the development of medicinal plants 2.2.2.1 The state develops a policy system for the development of medicinal plants Based on an overview of the importance of socio-economic development policies, including the development of medicinal plants, the thesis analyze the role of the state in formulating key policies such as land policy, capital policy; policy of tax; Applied science and technology policy; human resources development policy; infrastructure development policy and product market policy 2.2.2.2 The State organizes the management of the implementation of the policy on the development of medicinal plants The thesis analyzes the meaning, importance and contents of planning, planning and organization of work implementation, planning and development of medicinal plants 2.2.2.3 The State inspects, supervises, adjusts, supplements and addresses issues arising in the course of implementing the planning and plans for development of medicinal plants In this regard, the thesis clearly indicates the range Significantly, the requirements and contents of the inspection, supervision, adjustment, supplementation and handling of problems arising in the course of implementing the planning and plans on development of medicinal plants 2.2.3 Factors affecting the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants 2.2.3.1 Awareness, viewpoints and guidelines for the development of medicinal plants On the basis of clarifying the meaning and importance of the views and guidelines of the State, In the development of medicinal plants, localities should: i) Firmly grasp the orientations for economic development of medicinal plants across the country; ii) Understand the demand for medicinal plants development both domestically and internationally in the context of international change; iii) Particularly, it is necessary to grasp the local strengths of the potential and adaptation to the development of medicinal plants in different regions 2.2.3.2 Management apparatus, executive capacity in state management at all levels On the basis of clarifying the meaning, importance of management organization, according to the dissertation, in order to well perform the management role for socioeconomic development in general and the development of medicinal plants in particular, it is necessary to strengthen the management apparatus and improve the quality of human resources Management strategies to improve management capacity in state management at all levels 2.2.3.3 Collaborative in implementing organization Identify the importance of coordination in implementation; the thesis also addresses the key issues in collaborative implementation of tree development Planting medicinal herbs are: i) Coordination between state management agencies, including a clear assignment between the lead agency and the coordinating agencies; ii) Closely coordinated between the four elements: the state, enterprises, scientists and the people 2.2.3.4 Capacity and level of understanding of households and enterprises growing medicinal herbs The thesis focuses on two related issues: i) Capacity in soils, capital, labor , access to science and technology of enterprises / households; ii) The sense of observance of the regulations of state management agencies in implementing the planning and plans for development of medicinal plants; To well observe the regulations on development of medicinal plants, the quality and scale of development of medicinal plants 2.3 Practical experience the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants and lessons learned for the northern provinces of Vietnam On the basis of presenting experiences in some countries in the world as Mexico, Nigeria, Chiness and some other localities in Vietnam, the thesis draws three additional lessons for the subject of the topic: Firstly, Developing medicinal plants that are successful must have state management; Secondly, it is necessary to define the right strategy for pharmaceutical industry development as a spearhead economic development give directions for the development, planning and effective use of medicinal plants, incorporating appropriate policies and management mechanisms; Third, management work is required the clear, clear division between ministries, branches, branches and central and local co-ordinates CHAPTER 3: THE REALITY ROLLING OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPMENT MEDICINAL PLANT IN NORTH VIETNAM 3.1 Overview of the development of medicinal plants through surveys and surveys in some northern provinces of Vietnam The thesis on the development of medicinal plants in Ha Giang, Bacgiang and Hung Yen, the area, land, crop structure, labor force, and medicinal plant growers in the three provinces are shown in Table below Table 1: Area, soil, crop structure, the plantation of medicinal plants in three provinces as Ha Giang, Bac Giang and Hung Yen 1.Area of agricultural soil 1.1 Area of medicinal herbs 1.2.% Area of medicinal herbs / area of agricultural soil Structure of area to grow medicinal herbs Short-term crops Perennials ĐVT 2011 2012 thousands 179093.00 192972.10 Ha 2770.95 3069.08 % 0,015 0,016 % 100,00 % % Thousands Agricultural labor people 3.1 Number of labors Thousands planting medicinal herbs people 3.2 % Number of laborers growing medicinal plants % /the number of agricultural laborer Total number of enterprises enterprises in the locality 4.1 Number of enterprises enterprises planting medicinal herbs 4.2 Percentage of enterprises growing % medicinal herbs / total enterprises 2013 2014 2015 198092.12 200682.46 214137.76 3465.33 3812.94 4316.08 0,017 0,019 0,02 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 49,50 40,50 43,36 46,64 39,73 60,27 37,49 62,51 32,94 67,06 331790 318786 291820 291928 283299 55203 63643 72815 72846 94222 16,64 19,96 24,95 24,95 33,26 1325 2415 2808 3772 4472 25 35 39 46 52 0,53 0,69 0,72 0,82 0,86 (Source: Compiled from survey results of the author) 3.2 Analysis situation of the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants through surveys 3.2.1 Status of the state role in developing the policy system for the development of medicinal plants The thesis has analyzed the role of state in developing and implementing the policy system on soil, capital, tax, on the application of scientific and technological advances, on human resource development, on infrastructure development, market of raw materials supply and consumption of plant development products medicinal plants 3.2.2 Current status of planning and implementation of master plan for the development of medicinal plants The thesis clarifies the current status of construction and implementation of master plan and development plan for medicinal plants 3.2.3 The situation of inspection, supervision, adjustment, supplementation and handling of problems arising in the course of implementing the planning and plans for development of medicinal plants To review the situation of inspection, supervision, adjustment, supplementation and handling of problems arising in the course of implementing the planning and plans on development of medicinal herbs 3.3 Assessing the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in some northern provinces of Vietnam 3.3.1 The achievements and limitations in the system of policy development of medicinal plants of the whole country On the basis of the general assessment of the achievements and limitations of the role of the state in the formulation and implementation of the system of policies on development of medicinal plants, the thesis has analyzed in detail with each policy 3.3.1.1 Achievements and limitations on land policy The dissertation clarifies the achievements of land policy and the level of impact assessment of land policy is 3.82 / score which is quite good However, this policy still reveals certain limitations such as: Firstly, the level of management of the management agencies and the implementation of land policy is still limited, Moreover, soil conditions difficult terrain, has made land policy not to promote the effective end as expected Secondly, the allocation of land and forests is causing difficulties for the protection of forests, especially in the national forest Thirdly, there are still many local procedures have been implemented slowly, administrative work is complicated and land clearance is still slow, making it difficult for businesses to invest in the area Fourthly, the study of the characteristics of the soil with conformity and adaptation of the type of medicinal plants has yet to be properly focused rewarding for lack of scientific basis in a number of planning and guiding people to develop type medicinal plants 3.3.1.2 Achievement and constraints on capital policy The capital policy also has a good impact, the level of assessment of people and managers is 3.81 / score However, households still have difficulties in borrowing capital for the development of medicinal herbs, they must still mortgage their properties such as houses; There is a general condition of waiting for capital from the state budget, as well as looking for interest rate incentives from the bank Localities have not yet had the policy option to actively contribute to solve the problem Lack of capital for development of medicinal herbs, especially for poor farmers 3.3.1.3 Achievements and Constraints on Tax Policy Tax policies have incentives for producers of pharmaceuticals through tax exemption or reduction for businesses and households to plant medicinal plants at an early stage, land tax reduction, So it is rated as quite good with an average of / score 10 However, this policy still has the most constraints: Contribute other taxes and fees such as irrigation fees, costs incurred directly from inputs and outputs of the production process 3.3.1.4 Achievements and restrictions on applied science and technology policies Many policies applied science and technology advances in the area and its impact is also assessed fairly with the average score is 3.84 / score However, the specific limitations are: First, the research and application of science and technology in the development of medicinal plants have not been paid attention and investment is strong enough The application of advanced science and technology in the collection, preliminary processing, preservation and post-harvest processing of medicinal herbs, traditional medicines and medicines from medicinal plants have not been paid much attention Secondly, people are facing difficulties with science and technology, mainly using machinery and techniques trained by the staff of enterprises such as Ha Giang Thirdly, people cultivate medicinal plants mainly according to their habits and requirements directly, so the application of science and technology is not as much as in Bac Giang 3.3.1.5 Achievements and limitations in human resource development policy The training and retraining of human resources for the development of medicinal plants has been taken care of So the policy was also rated at an average of 3.84 / score However, firstly, the production level of some households is limited Secondly, human resource training courses are still formal; not really come from the actual needs of the people; 3.3.1.6 Achievements and limitations in infrastructure development policy The infrastructure development policy has taken a number of steps, meeting a number of infrastructure requirements, Localities have also adopted a number of policies, such as land acquisition, BOT, BTO, BT, which have met the basic infrastructure needs, contributing significantly to development medicinal plants in particular As a result, this policy was rated at a good (3.74/5 score) However, there are many inadequacies in infrastructure development Firstly, the policy of investing in material facilities for research and development of medicinal herbs has not been fully paid attention Secondly, the irrigation system is almost deserted because of hilly terrain; people living scattered almost have no plan to build the in-field canal system Thirdly, the light system as well as the green house, glass house for the development of medicinal herbs is not really developed in the localities Fourthly, with the development of pharmaceutical enterprises, the attraction of labor is demanding that the infrastructure is accompanied, but housing and conditions for workers are in short supply 3.3.1.7 Achievements and limitations on Market Policies for the Supply of raw Materials and Consumer Markets Products Localities in the region have expressed interest in supplying raw materials and consumables This policy was also rated at 3.82 / score and 4.19 / score However, both the input and output markets for medicinal plants still have many problems to deal with First, the supply of cultivars, fertilizers, insecticides, and the plant protection is not strictly controlled, not only affect the productivity of plants but also bad impact on the environment and ecology Secondly, the pace of product market development is not commensurate with the potential and expectations of producers; thirdly, a lot of businesses trading in pharmaceuticals are self-employed households that are spontaneous and are experiencing difficulties in terms of business conditions Fourthly, Growing in Vietnam is still heavily influenced by foreign markets, especially China The processing facilities have not yet developed strongly to ensure that the output of medicinal plants 3.3.2 Achievements and limitations in state management organizations 3.3.2.1 General achievements and constraints on state management organization The results show that the assessment of state management in general as well as the local state is only medium i) Due to poor management, the medicine herbs are cultivated in small scale ii) The state of production of medicinal herbs is not planned, not directed to the customer, rampant, poorly planted; iii) Lack of forest protection, degradation habitat of local, endemic plant species; iv) lack of mechanisms and solutions to ensure the outlets for medicinal products originating in the country as well as the rights 3.3.2.2 Achievements and limitations in the planning and development of medicinal plants Despite the attention paid to the planning of medicinal plants in the area, The shortcomings of this work are: Firstly, the planning and plans have not ensured the development of medicinal plants in the area in a sustainable way The reality of growing medicinal herbs still spontaneous and small are quite popular; Planning for planting is not linked to the planning of processing and consumption Secondly, the situation of hunger planning still exists in some localities 3.3.2.2 Achievements and limitations in organizing the implementation of planning and development of medicinal herbs Although localities have taken the initiative in the implementation of their work plans planning and development of medicinal plants, the results have not met the requirements Key constraints are: i) lack of interest from local authorities in seeking out, causing unplanned investment and planning; ii) Cultivating in groups and breaking down due to lack of output, insecure price, inadequate effect; iii) Where government has no interest in farmers' product markets 3.3.3 Achievements and limitations in checking, monitoring, adjusting, supplementing and dealing with problems arising in the process of planning and development of medicinal plants The local authorities have closely monitored and updated the local situation and resolved difficulties and problems faced by the growers However, this work still has many inadequacies: Firstly, the questions and petitions of enterprises and households planting medicinal plants have not been considered and resolved as well additional adjustments in a timely manner Secondly, the handling of violations of the planning and plans for the development of medicinal plants has not been resolutely resolved 3.3.4 Impact of the role of the state on the development of medicinal plants The following chart assesses the impact of state management on the development of medicinal plants 11 12 Điểm bình qn chung 9.Góp phần 8.Góp phần Góp phần 6.Góp phần 5.Góp phần Mức độ tạo Mức độ tạo Mức độ tạo Đánh giá người sản xuất Mức độ tạo Điểm 4 3 2 1 Đánh giá quan quản lý nhà nước Chart 1: Assess the impact of state management on the development of medicinal plants through surveys (In particular: Levels of conditions for exploitation of natural and economic conditions Socio-economic development of localities to develop medicinal plants: Levels of creating conditions for the construction of infrastructures for development of medicinal plants; Levels of creating conditions to encourage the development of the pharmaceutical industry; Level of creating conditions for raising the capacity of organizations and individuals planting medicinal plants; Contributing to promoting the development of medicinal plants; Promoting the restructuring of Medicinal plants Improve the efficiency of medicinal plants Contribute to the state budget increase Improve the competitiveness Impact on crop size and growth rate 3.3.4.1 Impact scale and growth rate output of medicinal herbs The scale of production and size of medicinal plants of households and enterprises tends to increase over the years in the surveyed provinces The growth rate the annual growth rate of production value of enterprises is down from 4.2% to 22.5% 2013, but back in 2015 3.3.4.2 Impact on the change of crops structure The proportion of perennial medicinal plant production value tended to increase during the study period, the short-term medicinal plants tended to decrease, including households and enterprises 3.3.4.4 The effect of growing medicinal herbs Households producing medicinal plants are more productive than those of other farmers Specifically: i) net income of agricultural producers ranged from over 82 million to about VND 100 million, while net income of the farmers increased from 129,555 million VND in 2011 to 168,79 million VND in 2015 ii) Average income of labors in the agricultural sector is about 5.27 million VND / month in 2015, the labor of medicinal plantation is about 9.78 million per month, or higher than about million 3.4 Limited causal analysis of the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in some northern provinces 3.4.1 Causes related to the guidelines, policies, views of developing medicinal plants 13 The grasp of the national orientation, market demand and potentials of the local in the development of crops Medicinal plants have not been specified, so the policy and close monitoring and ensuring the investment resources for the development of medicinal plants is not adequate 3.4.2 Causes related to the managerial and executive capacity of the state management apparatus at all levels i) The managerial and executive organization of the local organizational apparatus remains cumbersome and responsibility clearly; ii) The managerial staffs have not enough capacity and ethics to meet the demand for development of medicinal plants 3.4.3 Causes related to coordination in implementing organizations Firstly, the management overlaps, is unclear between the ministries, the lack of coordination between central and local The mechanism "chaired and coordinated" in the planning of growing medicinal plants are facing many difficulties, problems, no clue to coordinated Secondly, the combination of "four elements" is not tight and the role is not clear 3.4.4 Causes related to the capacity of households and enterprises to grow medicinal plants i) Capacity of land, capital, labor, access to science and technology of enterprises / households is limited; ii) The sense of observance of the regulations of state management agencies in implementing the planning and plans for development of medicinal plants; Observe the regulations on development of medicinal plants, complying with the quality standards and development scale of medicinal plants is not high CHAPTER 4: OPINION, DIRECTION AND COMPLETE SOLUTION THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPMENT MEDICINAL PLANTS IN SOME NORTHERN PROVINCES OF VIETNAM 4.1 The development and forecast of demand for medicinal plants in Vietnam in the coming years 4.1.1 The context of socio-economic development of Vietnam in the coming years Analysis of domestic and foreign contexts, the dissertation points out the advantages and disadvantages in the development of medicinal plants in the North of Vietnam to have views, directions and solutions to promote and overcome Difficulties in perfecting the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in the coming years 4.1.2 Forecasting demand and development potential of medicinal plants in Vietnam in the coming years The thesis also predicts domestic and international demand for medicinal plants in the coming years to propose targets development of medicinal plants 4.1.3 Targets for development of medicinal plants to 2020 with a view to 2030 Based on the development of medicinal plants of the provinces surveyed, based on a number of hypotheses proposed thesis Area, plantation area structure and percentage of 14 laborers planting medicinal plants in the northern provinces as shown in the following table 2: Table Forecasts for some indicators of development of medicinal plants Criteria Unit 2015 2020 2030 Area of medicinal herbs Ha 4316,08 6722,81 16310,67 Number of laborers planted medicinal Thousand people herbs 265,824 498,479 1752,881 Rate of area of medicinal herbs / % agricultural land area 2,0 2,1 2,6 % 0,01 0,02 0,05 Perennials % 67,06 67,06 67,06 Short-term crops % 32,94 32,94 32,94 The Ratio of labor growing medicinal % herbs/ agricultural labor 18,57 33,57 53,57 3,1 3,0 2,0 Growth rate per year area Structure of medicinal herbs Rate of increase labor Average annual % Source: Based on the results of the investigation and the author's calculations 4.2 Viewpoints and orientations to improve the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in the northern provinces in the coming years 4.2.1 Viewpoints to improve the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in the northern provinces in the coming years First, the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in Vietnam in general, In the North, in particular, it is a matter of basic and long-term to solve the problem of employment, increase income for farmers and carry out the restructuring of rural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization Secondly, the state needs to take active measures in implementing policies on development of pharmaceutical materials, including medicinal plants, into an economic sector Thirdly, state management ensures the development of medicinal plants in a sustainable manner, demonstrating that medicinal plants have increased in size, development speed and quality of raw materials inputs for the pharmaceutical industry; At the same time, there are policies to encourage the use of medicinal plants in health care facilities Fourth, the state encourages all economic sectors to invest in developing medicinal plants, promote Exporting medicinal herbs and medicinal products To develop state-owned medicinal plants, it is necessary to improve mechanisms and policies to encourage and support, with particular emphasis on supporting capital and support To invest in science and technology to raise the 15 productivity and quality of medicinal products from the fields of cultivation, gathering and processing of products 4.2.2.2 Direction for completing the management of the implementation of the policy on development of medicinal plants Firstly, on planning and development of medicinal plants, i) sustainable development of medicinal plants; ii) Overcoming the current state of planning Secondly, on the implementation of planning and development of medicinal plants: i) Local government It is necessary to take initiative in promoting the attraction of individual enterprises to invest in the development of medicinal plants, especially the purchase and deep processing of medicinal herbs to ensure the market for medicinal plants; ii) Having plans to organize training sessions, conveying information on planning of medicinal herbs and plans for development of medicinal plants to units and individuals directly involved in the plantation of pharmaceutical materials; iii) Promote dissemination so that people can understand the planning and development of medicinal plants because they are directly involved in the cultivation of medicinal plants , if they not participate, planning, the plan can not be successful 4.2.2.3 Strengthening the inspection, supervision, adjustment, supplement and handle problems arising in the process of planning and development of medicinal plants Firstly, to supervise the implementation of the plan and plan for the development of medicinal plants of the localities in a timely manner and resolutely suspend the suspension of a number of projects, negatively affecting the results of implementation by local administrations Secondly, there should be specific solutions when the planning and problem arises to have mechanisms to adjust to the specific conditions of the locality Avoid land registration for growing medicinal plants and then change the purpose of use, adversely affecting the overall planning of the locality Third, questions and recommendations of enterprises and households medicinal plants production should be considered resolved as well as adjusted in a timely manner Fourthly, the violations of the planning and plans for the development of medicinal plants need to be resolutely handled to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of state management in the development of medicinal plants 4.3 Solutions to improve the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants in Vietnam 4.3.1 Ensure consistency, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainable development in the guidelines, policies and views of development of medicinal plants First, focus on reviewing, promulgating legal documents, standards and national technical regulations, step by step reaching the system of unified and coordinated management of pharmaceutical materials The list of medicinal plants should focus on encouraging the establishment and development of concentrated medicinal plantations with a large scale in accordance with the principles of Good Manufacturing Practices and the collection of medicinal plants by the World Health Organization (GACP-WHO) for medicinal herbs in the master plan, in association with the policy to support consumption of products to protect the interests of medicinal herbs Thirdly, formulation of priority policies in production, processing, registration and circulation of products for materia medica and products made from materia medica to meet practical and current regulations , creating a favorable environment for enterprises to 16 invest in production, processing and trading, promoting the market of traditional medicine and medicines from Vietnam Fourth, To work out mechanisms and policies to encourage scientific and technological organizations, enterprises and individuals to invest in the research, transfer, receipt, ownership and application of technologies for production of raw materials, materials for medicine; To perform effectively in researching and applying mechanization of soil preparation, fertilizing, harvesting , modernization of the collection and preliminary processing to ensure the quality of raw materials, investment in testing equipment Quality of raw materials in accordance with international standards Fifth, formulate policies and incentives for marketing, trade promotion, construction and branding of Vietnamese medicinal herbs to develop product markets 4.3.2 Improving the capacity of the management apparatus, the capacity of the state administration at all levels in the development of medicinal plants Firstly, focus on developing standards for quality assurance of medicinal plants: standardization of raw materials to international standards Secondly, strengthening inspection and supervision to effectively prevent the smuggling of unqualified pharmaceuticals into our country; towards the elimination of poor quality medicinal products from the border, uncontrolled imports Third, organize short-term and long-term training courses in health organizations, the management and administration capacity of the state management staff helps the state management staff, who directly carry out the supervision, management, development and implementation of the orientation of the plan , Fourth, organize training for full time staff in dealing with situations arising during the state management of the development of medicinal plants 4.3.3 Strengthen the coordination in state management to develop medicinal herbs Specify the responsibilities of ministries and agencies, and establish specialized agencies to direct the coordination of sectors and fields; To assign the Ministry of Health to assume the prime responsibility for perfecting mechanisms and policies on development of production, processing and marketing of medicinal plants throughout the country in general and in localities in particular, on the basis of coordination with the Ministry of Health and other departments, branchs 4.3.4 Strengthen coordination in the development of medicinal herbs The thesis proposes clearly defining the role of the state, scientists, entrepreneurs and farmers in the combination of four elements and Entrepreneurs play a central role in coordinating "four elements" for the development of medicinal plants 4.3.5 Improving the capacity and sense of responsibility of households and facilities for growing medicinal plants To improve the capacity of families and medical plants, development of medicinal plants as described in section 4.2.2.1 Improving the access to resources of producers and processors of medicinal plants In addition, to propagate, educate and raise the awareness of households and enterprises in the planting and processing of medicinal plants, attaching responsibilities and interests of people to the development of medicinal plants CONCLUSION The thesis has systematized the theories related to the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants, including the issues of content, to the role of the state in the development of medicinal plants In addition, the author has also analyzed the state role of some countries and some localities of Vietnam from which to draw lessons learned in the role of the state with the development of medicinal plants to applied to in some provinces of the North in Vietnam Based on the overview of the development of medicinal herbs in some northern provinces of Vietnam such as Ha Giang, Hung Yen and Bac Giang, the thesis analyzes the role of state management in development medicinal herbs With the information and documents collected, the dissertation shows the past years, the state has promoted its role in the development of medicinal plants through the development of policy system, organization of management and control Monitoring of the development of medicinal plants has resulted in increased scale, structural change, improved income and job creation for agricultural workers However, the role of the state in this area remains limited: policies on the development of medicinal plants such as land policy, capital policy, tax policy, policy on science and technology development, policies human resources development, policy development infrastructure market policy is still inadequate Development management and monitoring and supervision have not met the requirements Therefore, its impact on the development of medicinal plants is not high The causes of these limitations are related to the lack of uniformity and consistency in the guidelines and policies; The irrationality and capacity of the apparatus not meet the requirements; The coordination between the state management agencies as well as the coordination of "four elements" is not tight and clear; At the same time, the capacity and awareness of enterprises / households to plant medicinal plants is not high Based on the analysis of the current situation, as well as on the guiding principles of the local government, the thesis presented the main perspectives, directions and solutions to enhance the role, the role of the state in the development of medicinal herbs in the Northern provinces of Vietnam in the coming years The project said that in order to increase the proportion of medicinal herbt area compared with the area of agricultural land from 0.02% and billions the proportion of agricultural labors in comparison with the rate of agricultural workers from the current 33.26% to 0.12% and 48.26% in 2020, to 0.65% and 68.26% in 2030, the Northern mountainous provincesshould have a clear perception of the role of the state in the development of medicinal herbs, considering this as a fundamental and long-term problem to solve Create jobs, increase income for farmers, carry out restructuring rural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization; To adopt practical measures to develop pharmaceutical materials into an economic branch; Sustainable development of medicinal plants on the basis of linkage between the development of medicinal plants to consumption markets and processing industry, diversification of product structure and assurance of safety and quality, meeting the target the World Health Organization (GACP - WHO); It is necessary to encourage all economic sectors to invest in developing medicinal herbs, promote the export of medicinal herbs and products 17 18 To that, the Government should focus improving the system policy, planning, implementation and supervision of planting medicinal herbs aimed at sustainable development of medicinal plants; at the same time need to improve management capacity, strengthen the coordination between the sectors, delivered to the Ministry of Health is the lead in improving the policy and development planning of production, processing and marketing materials on the basis of coordination with relevant ministries; Strengthening the combination of four elements, enterprise-centered and capacity-building, awareness of enterprises, households planting medicinal plants Processing and consuming medicinal herbs on the basis of coordination with relevant ministries; Take element "enterprises" as a central element and capacity building, awareness of enterprises, households growing medicinal herbs Despite many efforts, this research still has some limitations: In terms of methodology, although the use of questionnaires for primary data collection, Comparative statistics and descriptive statistics for qualitative analysis If we use deeper quantitative methods to test and clean data, as well as exploratory factorization tools to measure the impact of state roles on the development of medicinal herbs, the quality of the thesis will be bester (higher) In terms of scope, there are 63 provinces and cities in the whole country, of which 31 are in the North, but informations and documents of the dissertation only be collected and investigated in provinces Informations, datas collected during 2011-2015 Therefore, the results are only valid for the region and the study provinces as well as for the research period 2011-2015 The author hopes that the limitations outlined above will be improved after this research work 19