MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION THESIS FOOD TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES OF POWDERS AND FILMS FROM KARAYA GUM MODIFIED BY BICARBONATE HYDROLYSIS AND ESTERIFICATION ADVISOR: NGUYEN VINH TIEN STUDENT: TO QUE PHUNG NGUYEN TRUC HUYNH SKL 0 9 Ho Chi Minh City, August, 2022 i HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT Thesis code: 2022-18116018 PROPERTIES OF POWDERS AND FILMS FROM KARAYA GUM MODIFIED BY BICARBONATE HYDROLYSIS AND ESTERIFICATION NGUYEN TRUC HUYNH Student ID: 18116018 TO QUE PHUNG Student ID: 18116028 Major: FOOD TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: NGUYEN VINH TIEN, Assoc Prof Dr Ho Chi Minh City, August 2022 i HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT Thesis code: 2022-18116018 PROPERTIES OF POWDERS AND FILMS FROM KARAYA GUM MODIFIED BY BICARBONATE HYDROLYSIS AND ESTERIFICATION NGUYEN TRUC HUYNH Student ID: 18116018 TO QUE PHUNG Student ID: 18116028 Major: FOOD TECHNOLOGY Supervisor: NGUYEN VINH TIEN, Assoc Prof Dr Ho Chi Minh City, August 2022 i THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, August 8th, 2022 GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT Student name: Nguyen Truc Huynh Student ID: 18116018 Student name: To Que Phung Student ID: 18116028 Major: Food Technology Class: 181160CLA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Vinh Tien Email: tiennv@hcmute.edu.vn Date of assignment: 14/02/2022 Date of submission: 08/08/2022 Project title: Properties of powders and films from karaya gum modified by bicarbonate hydrolysis and esterification Initial materials provided by the advisor: karaya gum Content of the project: Treatment of karaya gum by bicarbonate hydrolysis and esterification Investigating the properties of karaya gum before and after modification such as FTIR spectrum, solubility, swelling moisture uptake, emulsion stabilization, relative viscosity and degree of esterification Creating films of karaya gum samples and studying their properties such as mechanical properties, moisture content, water vapor permeanbility, UV-vis absorption spectrum and transmittance and antibacterial ability towards E.coli Besides, tthe modified films are applied as a coating film on the surface Final product: modified karaya gum powders and their films The content and requirements of the graduation thesis have been approved by the Chair of the Food Technology program CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM ADVISOR (Sign with full name) (Sign with full name) iii i DECLARATION We declare that all information and materials provided and related to this thesis are our own, with the exception of instances where there is direct recognition and reference to scholarly papers by other writers Additionally, we attest that all references included in the thesis have been properly, accurately, and thoroughly referenced Ho Chi Minh City, August 8, 2022 Authors Nguyen Truc Huynh To Que Phung iv i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to extend our profound gratitude to the instructors at the Department of Chemical and Food Technology at the Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education for providing us with the facilities, tools, and circumstances for research We would like to express our profound gratitude to the instructors of the Department of Chemical and Food Technology of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education for providing us with the conditions and environment for research, facilities, and equipment to complete the graduation thesis We faced obstacles and problems while we conducted our studies and learned, but we also gained information, skills, and experiences that were beneficial Besides, we also receive the help and encouragement of teachers and friends This assisted us in overcoming obstacles encountered during the implementation of this thesis We also want to express our gratitude to Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Vinh Tien, who has been our devoted mentor and shared all of his knowledge and teaching expertise with us so that we could successfully finish our graduation thesis Sincere appreciation to Ms Ho Thi Thu Trang, Department of Food Technology, who made it possible for us to utilize the measurement tools and equipment that were already in the lab of the Faculty of Food Technology and Chemistry Finally, we would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our classmates for helping to organize and support the thesis experiments We sincerely thank! v i i i OnlinePhotoScanner.com i i 25% 0.1028 0.0824 2.0461 0.0672 19.84 2944.79 18.45 0.1082 0.0874 2.0770 0.0686 19.22 2927.70 21.51 0.1015 0.0806 2.0449 0.0641 20.59 3090.17 20.47 0.1085 0.0846 2.1553 0.0669 22.03 3121.67 20.92 0.1081 0.0834 2.2619 0.0671 22.85 3270.94 19.54 Appendix 20: Moisture content, water uptake, solubility of H40 films Sample Gly rep W0 W1 W2 W3 MC (%) WU (%) WS (%) H40 10% 0.104 0.0895 0.9266 0.078 13.94 1087.95 12.85 0.1011 0.0871 1.0571 0.0754 13.85 1301.99 13.43 0.1015 0.0878 1.0961 0.0761 13.50 1340.34 13.33 0.1053 0.089 1.3032 0.0745 15.48 1649.26 16.29 0.1058 0.0895 1.2633 0.0759 15.41 1564.43 15.20 0.1041 0.0869 1.3294 0.0734 16.52 1711.17 15.54 0.1042 0.0821 1.3673 0.0668 21.21 1946.86 18.64 0.1022 0.0803 1.2273 0.0651 21.43 1785.25 18.93 0.1034 0.0811 1.3872 0.0659 21.57 2005.01 18.74 0.1002 0.0752 1.8705 0.0602 24.95 3007.14 19.95 0.1022 0.0768 1.8635 0.0608 24.85 2964.97 20.83 0.1037 0.0784 1.8812 0.0619 24.40 2939.10 21.05 15% 20% 25% Appendix 21: Moisture content, water uptake, solubility of H40 films Sample Gly rep W0 W1 W2 W3 MC (%) WU (%) WS (%) H80 10% 0.1002 0.0862 0.9256 0.0735 13.97 1159.32 14.73 95 i 15% 20% 25% 0.1011 0.086 0.9949 0.0738 14.94 1248.10 14.19 0.1016 0.0885 0.9688 0.0743 12.89 1203.90 16.05 0.1000 0.0809 1.0782 0.0667 19.10 1516.49 17.55 0.1032 0.0835 1.0701 0.0682 19.09 1469.06 18.32 0.1042 0.0848 1.0884 0.0695 18.62 1466.04 18.04 0.1019 0.0799 1.2806 0.0625 21.59 1948.96 21.78 0.1063 0.0847 1.2999 0.0669 20.32 1843.05 21.02 0.1025 0.0807 1.2824 0.0638 21.27 1910.03 20.94 0.1025 0.0791 1.2596 0.0609 22.83 1968.31 23.01 0.1020 0.0798 1.3582 0.0612 21.76 2119.28 23.31 0.1036 0.0804 1.3228 0.0620 22.39 2033.55 22.89 Appendix 22: Moisture content, water uptake, solubility of H80 films Sample Gly rep W0 W1 W2 W3 MC (%) WU (%) WS (%) H80 10% 0.1002 0.0862 0.9256 0.0735 13.97 1159.32 14.73 0.1011 0.086 0.9949 0.0738 14.94 1248.10 14.19 0.1016 0.0885 0.9688 0.0743 12.89 1203.90 16.05 0.1000 0.0809 1.0782 0.0667 19.10 1516.49 17.55 0.1032 0.0835 1.0701 0.0682 19.09 1469.06 18.32 0.1042 0.0848 1.0884 0.0695 18.62 1466.04 18.04 0.1019 0.0799 1.2806 0.0625 21.59 1948.96 21.78 0.1063 0.0847 1.2999 0.0669 20.32 1843.05 21.02 0.1025 0.0807 1.2824 0.0638 21.27 1910.03 20.94 15% 20% 96 i 25% 0.1025 0.0791 1.2596 0.0609 22.83 1968.31 23.01 0.1020 0.0798 1.3582 0.0612 21.76 2119.28 23.31 0.1036 0.0804 1.3228 0.0620 22.39 2033.55 22.89 Appendix 23: Moisture content, water uptake, solubility of STPP+BA films Sample Gly rep W0 W1 W2 W3 MC (%) STPP+BA 10% 0.101 0.094 0.9534 0.0774 0.1013 0.0959 0.9214 0.102 15% 20% 25% WU (%) WS (%) 6.93 1131.78 17.66 0.0786 5.33 1072.26 18.04 0.0935 0.9240 0.0767 8.33 1104.69 17.97 0.1028 0.0897 0.9760 0.0679 12.74 1337.41 24.30 0.1035 0.0882 0.9781 0.0684 14.78 1329.97 22.45 0.1008 0.0901 0.9789 0.0687 10.62 1324.89 23.75 0.1046 0.0902 0.9156 0.0633 13.77 1346.45 29.82 0.1071 0.087 0.9134 0.0642 18.77 1322.74 26.21 0.1045 0.0895 0.9162 0.0629 14.35 1356.60 29.72 0.1008 0.0855 0.9066 0.0596 15.18 1421.14 30.29 0.1042 0.083 0.9429 0.0589 20.35 1500.85 29.04 0.1013 0.085 0.9617 0.0586 16.09 1541.13 31.06 Appendix 24: Moisture content, water uptake, solubility of STPP+TPSA films Sample Gly rep W0 STPP+TPSA 10% 0.1016 0.1000 W1 W2 W3 MC (%) 0.0869 0.7650 0.0735 0.0848 0.8233 0.0714 97 i WU (%) WS (%) 14.47 940.82 15.42 15.20 1053.08 15.80 15% 20% 25% 0.1002 0.0858 0.7706 0.0727 14.37 959.97 15.27 0.1008 0.084 0.8483 0.0696 16.67 1118.82 17.14 0.1008 0.0831 0.8167 0.0679 17.56 1102.80 18.29 0.1009 0.0832 0.8097 0.0698 17.54 1060.03 16.11 0.1076 0.0863 0.8298 0.0648 19.80 1180.56 24.91 0.1031 0.0839 0.8668 0.0636 18.62 1262.89 24.20 0.1048 0.0842 0.8234 0.0639 19.66 1188.58 24.11 0.1060 0.0832 1.0131 0.0609 21.51 1563.58 26.80 0.1078 0.0844 1.0127 0.0616 21.71 1543.99 27.01 0.1045 0.0815 1.0011 0.0592 22.01 1591.05 27.36 Appendix 25: water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of films 38.8 35.2 y = 0.0044x + 34.495 R² = 0.9975 35.1 y = 0.0046x + 37.976 R² = 0.9952 38.6 Weight (g) Weight (g) 35 38.7 34.9 34.8 34.7 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.1 34.6 38 34.5 37.9 34.4 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 20 40 60 80 Time (Hour) OKG 10%gly film y = 0.0054x + 38.309 R² = 0.9928 39 Weight (g) Weight (g) 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.1 38 37.9 37.8 37.7 37.6 20 40 60 80 100 140 160 180 y = 0.0051x + 37.704 R² = 0.9848 38.2 120 OKG 15%gly film 39.2 39.1 100 Time(hour) 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Time (hour) Time (hour) OKG 20%gly film OKG 25%gly film 98 i 160 180 39 38.9 38.8 38.7 Weight (g) Weight (g) 39.2 39.1 39 38.9 38.8 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.2 y = 0.0045x + 38.174 R² = 0.997 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 y = 0.005x + 38.314 R² = 0.9961 180 20 40 60 H10 10%gly film 140 160 180 38.7 38.6 Weight (g) 38.3 160 180 160 180 y = 0.0053x + 37.952 R² = 0.9916 38.8 y = 0.0051x + 37.758 R² = 0.9901 38.4 Weight (g) 120 38.9 38.5 38.2 38.1 38 37.9 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.1 37.8 38 37.7 37.9 37.6 37.8 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.2 Weight(g) 38.5 38.4 38.1 y = 0.0049x + 37.634 R² = 0.995 37.9 37.8 100 120 140 H10 25%gly film 38.5 38 80 Time (hour) H10 20%gly film Weight(g) 100 H10 15%gly film 38.6 y = 0.0051x + 37.592 R² = 0.9943 38.1 38 37.9 37.8 37.7 37.7 37.6 37.6 37.5 37.5 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 80 100 120 140 Time (hour) H20 10%gly film H20 15%gly film 38.7 38.3 38.6 38.2 y = 0.0052x + 37.85 R² = 0.9887 38.5 38.4 y = 0.0054x + 37.391 R² = 0.9873 38.1 Weight (g) Weight (g) 80 Time (hour) Time (hour) 38.3 38.2 38.1 38 38 37.9 37.8 37.7 37.6 37.9 37.5 37.8 37.4 37.7 37.3 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Time (hour) Time (hour) H20 20%gly film H20 25%gly film 99 i 160 180 39.1 37.8 39 y = 0.0052x + 38.234 R² = 0.9913 38.8 37.7 37.6 Weight (g) Weight (g) 38.9 38.7 38.6 38.5 38.4 37.5 37.4 37.3 y = 0.0045x + 37.062 R² = 0.9881 37.2 37.1 38.3 38.2 37 38.1 36.9 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 39 39 38.8 38.8 38.6 38.6 38.4 y = 0.0057x + 37.99 R² = 0.9853 38 120 140 160 180 160 180 y = 0.0057x + 37.918 R² = 0.9857 38.4 38.2 38 37.8 37.8 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 38.8 38.9 38.7 38.8 38.7 y = 0.0049x + 38.289 R² = 0.9951 38.4 Weight (g) 38.9 39 38.5 38.4 38.3 y = 0.0052x + 38.027 R² = 0.9956 38.2 38 38.2 37.9 40 60 80 100 140 38.5 38.3 20 120 38.6 38.1 100 H40 25%gly film 39.1 38.6 80 Time (hour) H40 20%gly film Weight (g) 100 H40 15%gly film Weight (g) Weight (g) H40 10%gly film 38.2 80 Time (hour) 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 80 100 120 140 160 180 Time (hour) H80 10%gly film H80 15%gly film 37.2 38.9 38.8 37 38.7 36.6 y = 0.0058x + 36.124 R² = 0.9936 36.4 36.2 Weight (g) Weight (g) 38.6 36.8 38.5 38.4 38.3 y = 0.0053x + 37.974 R² = 0.9867 38.2 38.1 38 37.9 36 37.8 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Time (hour) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Time (hour) H80 20%gly film H80 25%gly film 100 i 160 180 35.3 38.4 35.2 38.3 35.1 35 38.2 Weight (g) Weight (g) 38.5 38.1 38 37.9 y = 0.0051x + 37.627 R² = 0.9907 37.8 37.7 34.9 34.8 34.7 34.6 34.5 y = 0.0056x + 34.297 R² = 0.9853 34.4 37.6 34.3 37.5 34.2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 38.6 39 38.5 38.9 38.4 38.8 38.3 38.7 38.2 38.1 y = 0.0054x + 37.732 R² = 0.9882 37.9 37.8 100 120 140 160 180 STPP+TPSA 15%gly film Weight (g) Weight (g) STPP+TPSA 10%gly film 38 80 Time (hour) 38.6 38.5 38.4 y = 0.0052x + 38.107 R² = 0.9909 38.3 38.2 37.7 38.1 37.6 38 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 80 100 120 140 160 180 Time (hour) STPP+TPSA 20%gly film STPP+TPSA 25%gly film 37.5 39.1 39 37.4 38.9 Weight (g) Weight (g) 37.3 37.2 37.1 y = 0.0037x + 36.899 R² = 0.9988 37 36.9 38.8 38.7 38.6 y = 0.0049x + 38.294 R² = 0.9944 38.5 38.4 38.3 36.8 38.2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 Time (hour) 39.8 39.2 39.7 39.1 39.6 39 39.5 38.9 39.4 y = 0.0052x + 38.938 R² = 0.9946 39.2 39.1 100 120 140 160 180 STPP+BA 15%gly film Weight (g) Weight (g) STPP+BA 10%gly film 39.3 80 Time (hour) 38.8 38.7 38.6 38.4 38.9 38.3 38.8 y = 0.0055x + 38.303 R² = 0.9891 38.5 39 38.2 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Time (hour) 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (jour) STPP+BA 20%gly film STPP+BA 25%gly film 101 i 140 160 180 Appendix 26: Colonies counting Films Petri No film 16 10 H80 15 12 24 BAB 20 BAM 17 18 11 STPP+TPSA 10 14 Appendix 27: Fruit observed after days of film coating Films No film OKG 10%G OKG 15%G 102 i OKG 20%G OKG 25%G H10 10%G H10 15%G H10 20%G H10 25%G 103 i H20 10%G H20 15%G H20 20%G H20 25%G H40 10%G H40 15%G 104 i H40 20%G H40 25%G H80 10%G H80 15%G H80 20%G H80 25%G 105 i STPP+ BA 10%G STPP+ BA 15%G STPP+ BA 20%G STPP+ BA 25%G TPSA 10%G TPSA 15%G 106 i TPSA 20%G TPSA 25%G 107 i 108 i S i K L 0