Luận án tiến sĩ kỹ thuật điện tử mật mã dữ liệu ảnh ứng dụng kỹ thuật hỗn loạn

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ HÀ NỘI - 2019 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN Ngành: Kỹ thuật điện tử Mã số: 9520203 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS HOÀNG MẠNH THẮNG HÀ NỘI - 2019 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan kết trình bày Luận án cơng trình nghiên cứu tơi hướng dẫn PGS.TS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng Các số liệu, kết trình bày luận án hồn tồn trung thực chưa công bố cơng trình trước Các kết sử dụng tham khảo trích dẫn đầy đủ theo quy định Hà nội, ngày 06 tháng 11 năm 2019 Tác giả Hoàng Xuân Thành LỜI CÁM ƠN Để hồn thành Luận án này, tơi xin gửi lời biết ơn sâu sắc đến Thày cô Bộ mơn Điện tử Kỹ thuật máy tính, Viện Điện tử–Viễn thông hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ động viên tơi suốt q trình làm luận án tiến sĩ Trường Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội Tôi gửi lời cám ơn đến người hướng dẫn, PGS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng, người bảo định hướng cho trình nghiên cứu Xin cám ơn nhiều! Hà nội, ngày 06 tháng 11 năm 2019 Mục lục Trang DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT iv DANH SÁCH HÌNH VẼ vii DANH SÁCH BẢNG x MỞ ĐẦU Chương 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ HÀM HỖN LOẠN VÀ ẢNH SỐ 1.1 Giới thiệu 1.2 Mật mã đại phân loại .7 1.2.1 Định nghĩa 1.2.2 Phân loại mật mã 1.3 Hệ thống hỗn loạn 11 1.3.1 Hệ hỗn loạn liên tục theo thời gian 11 1.3.2 Hệ hỗn loạn rời rạc theo thời gian 12 1.3.2.1 Hàm Logistic 13 1.3.2.2 Hàm Henon 13 1.3.2.3 Hàm Cat 14 1.3.2.4 Hàm hỗn loạn Cat-Hadamard 14 1.3.2.5 Hàm Standard .15 1.3.2.6 Hàm Skew tent 15 1.3.2.7 Hàm Chebyshev 16 1.3.2.8 Hàm hỗn loạn không gian-thời gian 16 1.4 Các thuộc tính hàm hỗn loạn phù hợp cho ứng dụng mật mã 16 1.4.1 Các thuộc tính 16 1.4.2 Các tham số tính chất hàm hỗn loạn dùng mật mã 18 1.5 Tạo chuỗi ngẫu nhiên dùng hàm hỗn loạn 20 1.5.1 Tạo chuỗi bit ngẫu nhiên 21 1.5.2 Tạo chuỗi số giả ngẫu nhiên 22 1.6 Ảnh số đặc điểm 23 1.6.1 Biểu diễn ảnh số 23 1.6.2 Các đặc trưng liệu ảnh 24 1.7 Kết luận 26 i Chương 2: MẬT Mà ẢNH Ở MỨC BIT ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN 27 2.1 Giới thiệu 27 2.2 Mơ hình mật mã cấu trúc SPN 28 2.2.1 Hoán vị điểm ảnh sử dụng hỗn loạn 30 2.2.1.1 Các chế hoán vị liệu cho ảnh .31 2.2.1.2 Luật hoán vị dựa vào biến trạng thái 31 2.2.1.3 Luật hốn vị dựa vào đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn rời rạc 35 2.2.1.4 Đánh giá hiệu phép hoán vị 37 2.2.2 Phép thay sử dụng hỗn loạn 40 2.2.2.1 Phép thay không tạo lan truyền 40 2.2.2.2 Thay có lan truyền 42 2.3 Đề xuất hệ mật mã hỗn loạn làm việc mức bit .43 2.3.1 Đề xuất 1: Hệ mật mã dựa tác động lên đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn 44 2.3.1.1 Bộ mật mã .45 2.3.1.2 Bộ giải mật mã 48 2.3.1.3 Kết mô 48 2.3.1.4 Phân tích khả bảo mật 49 2.3.1.5 Kết thiết kế mạch cứng 53 2.3.2 Đề xuất 2: Hệ mật mã hỗn loạn cho ảnh mức bit 60 2.3.2.1 Giải thuật mật mã dùng hàm hỗn loạn Cat-Hadamard 60 2.3.2.2 Giải thuật giải mật 62 2.3.2.3 Chi phí tính toán 62 2.3.2.4 Giải thuật phân phối khóa 63 2.3.2.5 Phân tích khả bảo mật 64 2.4 Kết luận 67 Chương 3: PHÂN TÍCH MẬT Mà HỖN LOẠN CÓ CẤU TRÚC SPN 69 3.1 Giới thiệu 69 3.2 Một số qui ước phân tích mã 71 3.3 Mô tả hệ mật mã hỗn loạn đề xuất W Zhang 71 3.4 Đề xuất 3: Phân tích hệ mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với vịng lặp mã75 3.4.1 Tấn cơng lựa chọn rõ 76 3.4.1.1 Tấn cơng vào q trình hốn vị 76 3.4.1.2 Tấn công vào khuếch tán 79 ii 3.4.2 Tấn công lựa chọn mã 83 3.4.2.1 Tấn cơng q trình hốn vị ngược 83 3.4.2.2 Tấn công khuếch tán ngược 87 3.4.3 Ước lượng thời gian công 90 3.4.3.1 Thời gian cơng hốn vị 90 3.4.3.2 Thời gian công khuếch tán .91 3.4.4 Một số bàn luận công vòng lặp mã 92 3.5 Đề xuất 4: Phân tích mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với nhiều vịng lặp mã 93 3.5.1 Giải thuật mật mã giải mật nhiều vòng lặp mã 93 3.5.2 Phân tích mã 95 3.5.2.1 Nhận diện điểm yếu hệ mật mã 96 3.5.2.2 Khôi phục luật hoán vị 101 3.5.3 Đề xuất phương pháp nâng cao bảo mật cho hệ mật mã .110 3.5.4 Kết luận .120 KẾT LUẬN VÀ HƯỚNG PHÁT TRIỂN 121 DANH MỤC CƠNG TRÌNH CÔNG BỐ CỦA LUẬN ÁN 123 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 124 iii Danh sách từ viết tắt VIẾT TẮT TIẾNG ANH TIẾNG VIỆT 1D One-dimention Một chiều tự 2D Two-dimention Hai chiều tự AES Advanced Encryption System Hệ mật mã tiên tiến BIC Bit Independence Criteria Tiêu chí độc lập bit đầu CCA Chosen-Ciphertext Attack Tấn công lựa chọn mã CML Coupled Map Lattice Ghép hàm hỗn loạn COA Ciphertext-Only Attack Tấn công có mã CPA Chosen-Plaintext Attack Tấn cơng lựa chọn rõ Cdr Ciphertext difference rate Tỷ lệ sai khác mã Cdr Tỷ lệ sai khác hai mã thu (Cdr) DBAP Distance Between Adjacent Pixels Khoảng cách điểm ảnh lân cận FIPS 199 Federal Information Processing Bản công cố tiêu chuẩn xử lý Standard Publication 199 thông tin liên bang 199 HSV Hue, Saturation, and Value ID Initial for Diffusion Giá trị khởi đầu cho khuếch tán IP Initial Vector/Value Giá trị/vectơ khởi đầu KPA Known-Plaintext Attack Tấn công biết rõ LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register Thanh ghi dịch hồi tiếp tuyến tính NIST National Institute of Standards Viện quốc gia chuẩn công NPCR and Technology nghệ Number of Pixels Change Rate Tỷ lệ số điểm ảnh thay đổi giá trị PRESENT PWLCM Mã hạng nhẹ PRESENT Piece-wise Linear Chaotic Map Hàm hỗn loạn gồm đoạn tuyến tính PAPC Percentage of adjacent pixels Phần trăm điểm ảnh lân cận count PKI Public Key Infrastructure Nền tảng khóa cơng khai iv PV Primary vertex Điểm sơ cấp RGB Red, Green, and Blue UACI Unified Average Changing Inten- Cường độ thay đổi trung bình sity thống SAC Strict Avalanche Criterion Tiêu chí thác chặt SAFER Secure And Fast Encryption Rou- Hàm mật mã hóa nhanh an tồn tine SPN SV Substitution-Permutation Net- Mạng hốn vị-thay thế; cấu trúc work SPN Secondary vertex Điểm thứ cấp Attractor Vùng hút Asymmetric Bất đối xứng Avanlanche Hiệu ứng thác lũ, hiệu ứng tuyết lở Back neighbor Lân cận sau Bifurcation Phân nhánh Bitmap Ảnh biểu diễn dạng ma trận điểm ảnh Back neighbor Lân cận sau Confusion Tính chất lộn xộn Ciphertext Văn mã hóa, mã Ciphertext word Từ mã Cryptanalysis Thám mã; phân tích mã; phá mã Cryptology Mật mã học Deciphering algorithm Thuật tốn giải mã Diffusion Tính chất khuếch tán Enciphering algorithm Thuật tốn mã hóa Enciphering key Khóa mã hóa Front neighbor Lân cận trước Histogram Biểu đồ phân bố Inverse permutation Giải hốn vị; Khơi phục hốn vị; Hốn vị ngược Inverse diffusion Giải khuếch tán; Khôi phục khuếch tán; Khuếch tán ngược Main track Đường chính; nhánh v Plaintext Văn trơn, rõ Plaintext Văn trơn, rõ Plaintext word Từ rõ Private key Khóa mật Public key Khóa cơng khai Raster Ảnh biểu diễn dạng ma trận điểm ảnh Side track Đường phụ; nhánh phụ Steganography Phương pháp giấu tin ảnh Symmetric Đối xứng Symmetric-key algorithms Thuật tốn khóa đối xứng Topologically transitive hay Topo- Cấu trúc đồ hình liên kết logical mixing Watermarking Thủy vân số vi q trình hốn vị điểm ảnh; giá trị điểm ảnh dùng để tác động vào đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn trình khuếch tán Việc tác động xảy bit biểu diễn giá trị biến trạng thái hàm hỗn loạn bit biểu diễn vị trí giá trị điểm ảnh Hàm hỗn loạn Logistic dùng ví dụ minh họa Phần cứng cho hệ mật thiết kế dùng ngôn ngữ VHDL để thực FPGA với kết đạt mong muôn Hệ mật mã thứ hai đề xuất có cấu trúc SPN thực mật mã cho ảnh mức bit Quá trình xáo trộn liệu dựa hàm hỗn loạn Cat trình khuếch tán dùng hàm Cat-Hadamard nhiều chiều (2) Đề xuất phương pháp phân tích mã cho hệ mật mã có cấu trúc SPN với vòng lặp mã nhiều vòng lặp mã Các phương pháp nêu lỗ hổng bảo mật hệ mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN đề xuất W Zhang đồng nghiệp Từ điểm yếu này, hệ mật mã phân tích thành cơng luật hốn vị liệu ảnh khôi phục với chế công lựa chọn rõ lựa chọn mã trường hợp vòng lặp mã Cơ chế công lựa chọn mã áp dụng thành cơng để khơi phục luật hốn vị bên giải mã trường hợp hệ mật mã có nhiều vòng lặp mã Lỗ hổng bảo mật hệ mật mã hỗn loạn W Zhang đồng nghiệp khắc phục qua đề xuất phương pháp nâng cao nâng cao khả bảo mật Trong trường hợp, trình khuếch tán tăng cường cách thêm ràng buộc từ mật Tất đóng góp chứng minh có hiệu thông qua lập luận, đại lượng đánh giá ví dụ minh họa Hướng phát triển Nội dung Luận án nghiên 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