VietJack com Facebook Học Cùng VietJack LÝ THUYẾT CÂU SO SÁNH A LÝ THUYẾT I PHÂN BIỆT TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TÍNH TỪ DÀI, TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ DÀI 1 Phân biệt tính từ ngắn & tính từ dài Tính từ ngắn (Shor[.]
VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack LÝ THUYẾT CÂU SO SÁNH A LÝ THUYẾT I- PHÂN BIỆT TÍNH TỪ NGẮN & TÍNH TỪ DÀI, TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN & TRẠNG TỪ DÀI Phân biệt tính từ ngắn & tính từ dài: Tính từ ngắn (Short adjectives) (Ký hiệu là: S-adj) Tính từ dài (Long adjectives) (Ký hiệu là: L-adj) - Là tính từ có âm tiết - Là tính từ có từ âm tiết trở lên Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - red, long, short, hard,… - beautiful, friendly, humorous, … Trạng từ ngắn & Trạng từ dài: Trạng từ ngắn (Short adverbs) (Ký hiệu là: S-adv) Trạng từ dài (Long adverbs) (Ký hiệu là: L-adv) - Là trạng từ có âm tiết - Là trạng từ có âm tiết trở lên Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - hard, fast, near, far, right, wrong, … - quickly, interestingly, tiredly, … II- SO SÁNH BẰNG VỚI TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ So sánh với tính từ trạng từ: Cấu trúc: S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + auxiliary V S1 + V + as + adj/ adv + as + O/ N/ pronoun Ví dụ: - She is as tall as I am = She is as tall as me (Cô cao tôi.) - He runs as quickly as I do = He runs as quickly as me (Anh chạy nhanh tôi.) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack - Your dress is as long as my dress = Your dress is as long as mine (Váy bạn dài váy tôi.) So sánh với tính từ trạng từ * So sánh với tính từ ngắn trạng từ ngắn: Cấu trúc: S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + S2 + Axiliary V S1 + S-adj + er/ S-adv- er + than + O/ N/ Pronoun Trong đó: S-adj-er: tính từ ngắn thêm “er” S-adv-er: trạng từ ngắn thêm đuôi “er” S1: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng so sánh) S2: Chủ ngữ (Đối tượng dùng để so sánh với đối tượng 1) Axiliary V: trợ động từ O (object): tân ngữ N (noun): danh từ Pronoun: đại từ Ví dụ: - This book is thicker than that one (Cuốn sách dày sách kia.) - They work harder than I = They work harder than me (Họ làm việc chăm tơi.) * So sánh với tính từ dài trạng từ dài: Cấu trúc: S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + S2 + Axiliary V S1 + more + L-adj/ L-adv + than + O/ N/ Pronoun Trong đó: L-adj: tính từ dài L-adv: trạng từ dài Ví dụ: - He is more intelligent than I am = He is more intelligent than me (Anh thông minh tôi.) - My friend did the test more carefully than I did = My friend did the test more carefully than me (Bạn làm kiểm tra cẩn thận tôi.) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack So sánh tính từ trạng từ + So sánh nhất tính từ ngắn trạng từ ngắn: Cấu trúc: S + V + the + S-adj-est/ S-adv-est Ví dụ: - It is the darkest time in my life (Đó khoảng thời gian tăm tối đời tôi.) - He runs the fastest in my class (Anh chạy nhanh lớp tôi.) + So sánh tính từ dài trạng từ dài: Cấu trúc: S + V + the + most + L-adj/ L-adv Ví dụ: - She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever met (Cô cô gái xinh mà gặp.) - He drives the most carelessly among us (Anh ấy lái xe ẩu số chúng tôi.) III- CHÚ Ý: + Một số tính từ có âm tiết có tận “y, le, ow, er” sử dụng so sánh hay so sánh áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh tính từ ngắn Tính từ So sánh hơn So sánh Happy -> happier -> the happiest Simple -> simpler -> the simplest Narrow -> narrower -> the narrowest Clever -> cleverer -> the cleverest Ví dụ: - Now they are happier than they were before (Bây họ hạnh phúc trước kia.) Ta thấy “happy” tính từ có âm tiết sử dụng so sánh hơn, ta sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh tính từ ngắn + Một số tính từ trạng từ biến đổi đặc biệt sử dụng so sánh so sánh Tính từ/Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Good/well -> better -> the best Bad/ badly -> worse -> the worst Much/ many -> more -> the most a little/ little -> less -> the least far -> farther/ further -> the farthest/ furthest B BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG THE EXERCISES ON COMPARISONS EXERCISE Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets: This chair is ………………… than that one (comfortable) Your flat is .……… than mine (large) The weather today is ……… than it was yesterday (hot) The Nile is the ……………………… river in the world (long) Chinese bicycles are … ……………… than Japanese ones (bad) Mathematics is ………………… … than English (difficult) Ho Chi Minh is the ……………… city in Viet Nam (big) He drives ……………than his friend (careful) She sings ……………………… in this school (beautiful) 10 I read ……………………… than my sister (slow) 11 Grace is ………………… girl in our class (old) 12 This exercise is …….………… than that one (easy) 13 He is twice …….………… as you (fat) 14 Nam is …….………… student of all (noisy) 15 My cold is …….………… today than it was yesterday (good) EXERCISE Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: The more she smiles , she becomes A more graceful B the most graceful C most graceful D the more graceful Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants A as rapidly as B so rapidly as C as rapid as D more rapid Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam A long B shortest Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com C longest D longer Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were those of Galileo and Newton A important than important as B more important C the most important D as Impalas cannot move as cheetahs but they are more efficient runners A faster than B fast as C fast D are fast as Both are informative articles, but this one is A best B the best C most D better She is the ………… girl in our town A more beautiful more beautifully B beauty C most beautiful D The harder you learn A The better is your English B The better will be your English C The better becomes your English D The better your English will be Jim is the in his class A clever B cleverest C cleverer D more clever 10 Of the two shirts, this one is A the prettiest prettier B the most pretty C prettier D the 11 Your house is mine A as bigger as many times big B many times as big as C much big as D not 12 Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year A This year it is as colder than last year B This year it is colder than last year C This year it isn’t as cold as last year D This year it isn’t colder than last year 13 She is older than me Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack A I’m more younger than her B I’m as younger as her C I’m more young than her D I’m younger than her 14 The test is not ………………… A as difficult as it was last month B so difficult as it was last month C more difficult as it was last month D Both A & B are correct 15 The Nile River is ………………… of all A longer longest B the longest C long D C Most/ most D 16 we read, we know A The most/ the most More/ more B The more/ the more 17 It gets Let’s go swimming A hot and hot B the more hot D hotter and hotter C more and more hot 18 Peter usually drives Mary A more fast B more fast than C more fast D faster C more serious as D more and 19 The problem seems to be A more serious more serious B more serious than 20 Peter can not earn his wife A as many money as D as much money than B as much money as C as many money than 21 Prices get A high and high higher and higher B highest and highest C more and more high D 22 The more manufacturers advise, they sell Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack A the most products D most products B the products more C the more products 23 a car is it is A The more expensive/ the comfortabler comfortable B The most expensive/ the most C The more expensive/ the more comfortable D The less expensive/ the more comfortable 24 Of the five students Mary is A more intelligent B the more intelligent intelligent C most intelligent D the most D more 25 Steel is than wood A more heavy heavier B as heavy C heavier 26 A super market is …………………… a shopping center A less convenient as C not so convenient than B less convenient than D the most convenient as 27 Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists A more and most attractive B the more attractive C much and more attractive D more and more attractive 28 This car is …………………… than mine A less expensive B as expensive C expensive D not so expensive 29 Tim’s grades are …………………… than John A worse B worst C as bad D so bad 30 The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back A early B earliest Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com C earlier D more early Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack EXERCISE Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as the sentence printed before it My kitchen is smaller than yours Your kitchen ……………………………………………………………………………………………… No one in the class is taller than Dave Dave is ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad Dad ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Lan is better cook than Hoa Hoa can’t ………………………………………………………………………………………… …… No restaurant in the city is better than that one That restaurant is ………………………………………………………………………………………… This watch is worse than that one That watch ………………………………………………………………………………………… …… My sister writes more carefully than she did My sister ……………………………………………………………………………………………… … This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack This is the ……………………………………………………………………………………………… … She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known I’ve never 10 Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom Tom ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official