VERB TENSES I/ THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI ÑÔN Caâu xaùc ñònh I / You / We / They + V0 She / He / It + V ( s / e s) * Ñoäng töø taän cuøng coù S , SH , CH , X , O , Z thì ta theâm es Caâu[.]
VERB TENSES I/ THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN Câu xác định I / You / We / They + V0 She / He / It + V ( - s / - e s) * Động từ tận có : S , SH , CH , X , O , Z ta thêm -es S + don’t / doesn’t + V0 Câu phủ định Caâu nghi Do / Does + S + V0… ? vấn * Động từ “ To be”: I + am You / We / They + are She / He / It + is * Cách dùng: - Diễn tả hành động lập lập lại Ví dụ: They go to church every Sundays - Nói thật Ví dụ: Thanksgiving comes on the fourth Thursday of November * Từ nhận biết: Always (Luôn luôn), Usually (Thường thường), Often ( Thường xuyên), Sometimes (Thỉnh thoảng), Never ( Không bao giờ), Seldom, rarely (Ít khi), Every … ( Moãi……), EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the simple present tense They ( go ) to church every Sundays She often ( watch ) TV in the evening What (you / ) every morning? I always ( get ) up at o’clock in the morning After classes he often ( listen ) to music She ( not play ) volleyball every afternon Nam (often be ) late for school Lan and I ( be ) in class 6A II THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN Câu xác định S + am / is / are + V-ing Câu phủ định S + am / is / are + not + V-ing Câu nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ? * Caùch dùng: - Thì tiếp diến diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói Ví dụ: Please don’t make so much noise I am working - Hành động xảy không thiết vào tời điểm nói Ví dụ: Mary wants to work in France, so she is learning French * Chú ý cách thêm –ing vào động từ: - Động từ tận –e, ta bỏ –e, thêm – ing ( write – writing ) - Động từ vần tận phụ âm, trước có nguyên âm ta gấp đôi phụ âm thêm – ing ( swim – swimming ) - Động từ vần có dấu nhấn vần hai, tận phụ âm, trước nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm thêm – ing ( begin – beginning ) * Từ nhận biết: Now, right now, at the moment, at present EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the present progressive tense Tom ( sleep ) and we ( play ) video games at present What you ( ) now? We ( not study ) now, we ( watch ) TV You ( listen ) to me, Mary? – Yes, I am Hurry up He ( wait ) outside III THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN Câu xác định S + will + V0 Câu phủ định S + will + not + V0 Câu nghi vấn Will + S + V0……? * Cách dùng: Thì tương lai đơn diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai * Từ nhận biết: Tomorrow, next… , in + năm tương lai, some day, sooner or later * NEAR FUTURE: TƯƠNG LAI GẦN S + is / am / are + going to + V0 Diễn tả dự định tương lai EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the simple future tense Goodbye ! We ( see ) you tomorrow The weather ( start ) a little colder tomorrow Stay home Lan ( call ) you tonight Look at those black clouds It is going ( rain ) You ( be ) free tomorrow? IV THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN Câu xác I / he / she / it + was S + V- ed / -2 định You / we / they + were Câu phủ S + didn’t + V0 S + was / were + not …… định Câu nghi Did + S + V0 Was / Were + S ……… ? vấn … ? * Cách dùng: - Thì khứ đơn diễn tả hành động xảy khứ - Diễn tả thói quen khứ * Từ nhận biết: Yesterday, ago, last……., in + năm khứ * Chú ý: Cách thêm –ed - Động từ tận –e, ta bỏ –e thêm –ed Ví dụ: arrive - arrived - Động từ tận –y, trước phụ âm ta đổi –y thành –i thêm ed Ví dụ: try – tried - Động từ tận phụ âm, trước nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm thêm -ed Ví dụ: fit – fitted EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the simple past tense I ( start ) school when I was six We ( meet ) his parents yesterday The school ( be ) in bad conditions three years ago Your aunt ( call ) you yesterday? He ( not visit ) Da Lat last summer V THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN Câu xác định S + was / were + V- ing Câu phủ định S + was / were + not + V- ing Câu nghi vấn Was / Were + S + V- ing ….? * Cách dùng: - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ví dụ: They were working at seven o’clock last night - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ có hành động khác xen vào S + was / were + V- ing when S + V- ed / -2 Ví dụ: I was sleeping when the phone rang S + V- ed / -2 while S + was / were + V- ing Ví dụ: The phone rang while I was sleeping EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the past progressive tense What you ( ) at six o’clock yesterday? Nam ( take ) a shower at eight o’clock last night I ( ) my homework at seven o’clock yesterday While they ( eat ), the phone rang It ( rain ) when the plane got to Ha Noi VI THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH Câu xác định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + have / has + V- ed / -3 S + have / has + not + V- ed / -3 Have / Has + S + V- ed / -3 ….? * Cách dùng:Thì hoàn thành diễn tả: - Hành động vừa xảy khứ Ví dụ: I have just finished my homework - Hành động hay kiện thời điểm không chắn khứ Ví dụ: I have already seen that film - Hành động xảy khứ liên quan đến Ví dụ: She has studied French for three years * Từ nhận biết: Just, already, yet, ever, so far, recently, lately, before, up to now, since, for Since + a point of time ( điểm thời gian ) (Since 2011, Since January,…… ) For + a period of time ( khoảng thời gian) ( For years ) EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense We ( not come ) to your house for two years She ( live ) here since last year He ( see ) you since yesterday? Nam ( collect ) stamps since 1999 You ( finish ) your composition yet? – Yes, I have VII THE PAST PERFECT TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH Câu xác định S + had + V- ed / -3 Câu phủ ñònh S + had + not + V- ed / -3 Câu nghi vấn Had + S + V- ed / -3 ….? * Cách dùng:Thì khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động hay kiện xảy trước thời điểm hay kiện khác khứ Ví dụ: We had finished planting trees before lunchtime yesterday When I arrived at the party, Lucy had already gone home EXERCISES * Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense We stopped for a rest after we ( walk ) for two hours I ( finish ) my homework before I went to school We received her letter after she ( move ) to a new house I ( see ) him eating in the restaurant before going home yesterday We missed the beginning of the play, because it ( already start ) when we arrived EXERCISES I Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense: I ( get )…………………………………… up the day before yesterday What…………………………………….you (do) …………………………………… The day after tomorrow? She always (go) …………………………………….to sleep before her mother does She rarely (take) …………………………………….a bath after dinner …………………………………….you (take) …………………………………….a trip next summer? Alice and Mary (put) …………………………………….away the dinner dishes right now 7.The telephone rang while I (take) …………………………………….my shower this morning In what year…………………………………….World War II (break) …………………………………….out? We (learn) …………………………………….grammar right at the moment 10 John and Tom (write) …………………………………….letters at the moment 11 Listen! Someone (knock) …………………………………….at the door 12 It always (snow) …………………………………….in winter It (snow) …………………………………… Now 13 I (read) …………………………………….a book when the electricity was disconnected 14 Look! A boy (run) …………………………………….after a dog He (want) …………………………………….to catch it 15 I (spend) ………………………….this weekend in Dalat I (go) …………………………….there nearly everymonth 16.The bell rang while I (have) …………………………………….lunch 17 When the war (end) ……………………………………., we were living in the countryside 18 Marconi (invent) …………………………………… radio a long time ago 19 She (not, speak) …………………………………… To me for over a month 20 I (buy) …………………………………….a good dictionary yesterday morning 21 …………………………………….you (have) …………………………………….dinner yet? 22 So far, I (not, see) …………………………………….a camel 23 In France birbs (fly) …………………………………… to the South before winter comes 24 He (sit) …………………………………….on a chair at 9:00 last night 25 I (know) …………………………………… him for a very long time 26 My parents (come) …………………………………….to stay with me next month 27 The war began while he (live) …………………………………….in France 28 They (just leave) …………………………………….here 29 He (turn) …………………………………….on the fan now 30 There (be) …………………………………….no intelligent life on the moon 31 He thanked me for what I (do) …………………………………… 32 My bicycle isn’t here any more Somebody (take) …………………………………….it 33 I (not, see) …………………………………….her for three years I wonder where she is 34 The performance (begin) …………………………………….at o’clock and (last) …………………………………….for three hours We all (enjoy) …………………………………….it II Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997 Samuel has…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………… We started learning English five years ago We have… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… I began living in Ho Chi Minh city when I was I have…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… She has taught the children in this remote village for five months She started……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… He hasn’t written to me since April The last time…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… She hasn’t had a swim for five years She last ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… They last talked to each other two months ago They haven’t……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999 She hasn’t… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… She hasn’t written to me for years It’s years…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 10 Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years It’s ten years………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… 11 It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room They…………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 12 It’s over six months since John had his hair cut John…………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… 13 How long is it since you rode a bicycle? When……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? 14 How long is it since he wrote to me? When……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? 15 When did he last talk to you? How long………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? 16 When did you last telephone him? How long………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? 17 We have never eaten this kind of food before It’s the……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 This is the first time I have seen this film I have never……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 John began playing the piano ten years ago John has…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… 20 He has given up smoking for months He started……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ***************************************************************************************************** PASSIVE VOICE THE PASSIVE VOICE IS FORMED: be + past participle ( V/ V -3/-ed ) S S + + be + V + V( - / - e d) + O ( active : chủ động) by + O ( passive: bị động ) I/ THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN S + V / V -s/-es + O She opens S + am / is / are + V - / - e d + by + O her ) the door The door is II THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN S + V - / - ed + O She wrote me S + was / were + V - / - e d + by + O to me ( by her ) opened ( by some letters Some letters were to written III/ THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE : THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN S + am / is / are + V-ing + O Nam is reading a book in the room S + am / is / are + being + in the room by Nam V - / - e d + by + O A book is being read IV THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH S + has / have + V - / - ed + O We have just finished our homework S + has / have + been been finished (by us) V - / - e d + by + O Our homework has just V SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN S + will + V + O My father next month S + will + be V - / - e d + by + O my father next month A new car will buy will be VI MODAL VERB: ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT S + modal verb + V + O I can a new car bought by this work S + modal verb + be done (by me) V - / - e d + by + O This work can be * Ghi chuù: Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, ought to, have to, must, be going to, should, used to,… VII CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU PHỦ ĐỊNH, CÂU HỎI YES/NO VÀ CÂU HỎI CÓ TỪ ĐỂ HỎI: Câu phủ định: a Hiện đơn She does not open the door The door is not opened ( by her ) b Quá khứ đơn: She did not write some letters to me Some letters were not written to me ( by her ) c Hiện tiếp diễn: Nam is not reading a book in the room A book is not being read in the room by Nam d Hieän hoàn thành: We have not just finished our homework Our homework has not just been finished (by us) e Tương lai đơn: My father will not buy a new car next month A new car will not be month f Modal verb: I can not this work This work can not be done Câu hỏi YES / NO: a Hiện đơn Does she open the door ? Is the door bought (by me) opened ( by her ) ? by my father next b Quaù khứ đơn: Did She write some letters to you? Were some letters written to me ( by her )? c Hiện tiếp diễn: Is Nam reading a book in the room? Is a book being read in the room by Nam? d Hiện hoàn thành: Have you just finished your homework? Has your homework just been finished (by you)? e Tương lai đơn: Will my father buy a new car next month? Will a new car f Modal verb: Can you be bought by my father next month? this work? Can this work be done (by you)? Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: Where did your child find the key? Where was Which book the key found by your child ? people prefer ? Which book Who made is prefered ? the final decision? By whom was the final decision made? VIII SPECIAL CASES: MOÄT SỐ TRƯỜNG HP ĐẶC BIỆT Động từ có hai tân ngữ: a Loại câu passive thêm “TO” Những động từ “ give, send, show, pay, teach, tell, lend, promise, hand, throw, wish, deny, offer, own …” có túc từ Trường hợp có hình thức câu bị động * Chúng ta sử dụng “TO” “DO” trở thành chủ từ câu bị động 10