IEC 62282-6-100:2010+A1:2012(E) ® Edition 1.1 2012-10 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD colour inside Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-100: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC 62282-6-100 All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published Useful links: IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available on-line and also once a month by email If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland ® Edition 1.1 2012-10 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD colour inside Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-100: Micro fuel cell power systems – Safety INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 27.070 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-0423-8 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission CV Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC 62282-6-100 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD Scope 12 1.1 General 12 1.2 Fuels and technologies covered 12 1.3 Equivalent level of safety 14 Normative references 14 Terms and definitions 15 Materials and construction of micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel cartridges 19 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 General 19 FMEA / hazard analysis 19 General materials 19 Selection of materials 19 General construction 20 Fuel valves 20 Materials and construction – system 21 Ignition sources 21 Enclosures and acceptance strategies 22 4.9.1 Parts requiring a fire enclosure 22 4.9.2 Parts not requiring a fire enclosure 22 4.9.3 Materials for components and other parts outside fire enclosures 23 4.9.4 Materials for components and other parts inside fire enclosures 24 4.9.5 Mechanical enclosures 25 4.10 Protection against fire, explosion, corrosivity and toxicity hazard 25 4.11 Protection against electrical hazards 26 4.12 Fuel supply construction 26 4.12.1 Fuel cartridge construction 26 4.12.2 Fuel cartridge fill requirement 27 4.13 Protection against mechanical hazards 27 4.13.1 Piping and tubing other than fuel lines 27 4.13.2 Exterior surface and component temperature limits 27 4.13.3 Motors 28 4.14 Construction of electric device components 29 4.14.1 Limited power sources 29 4.14.2 Devices that use electronic controllers 30 4.14.3 Electrical conductors/wiring 30 4.14.4 Output terminal area 31 4.14.5 Electric components and attachments 31 4.14.6 Protection 31 Abnormal operating and fault conditions testing and requirements 32 5.1 5.2 5.3 General 32 Compliance testing 32 Passing criteria 33 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –2– –3– 5.4 5.5 5.6 Simulated faults and abnormal conditions for limited power and SELV circuits 33 Abnormal operation – electromechanical components 33 Abnormal operation of micro fuel cell power systems or units with integrated batteries 34 5.7 Abnormal operation – simulation of faults based on hazard analysis 34 Instructions and warnings for micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel cartridges 35 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 General 35 Minimum markings required on the fuel cartridge 35 Minimum markings required on the micro fuel cell power system 35 Additional information required either on the fuel cartridge or on accompanying written information or on the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit 36 6.5 Technical documentation 36 Type tests for micro fuel cell power systems, micro fuel cell power units and fuel cartridges 37 7.1 7.2 7.3 General 37 Leakage measurement of methanol and the measuring procedure 38 Type tests 45 7.3.1 Pressure differential tests 45 7.3.2 Vibration test 47 7.3.3 Temperature cycling test 48 7.3.4 High temperature exposure test 49 7.3.5 Drop test 49 7.3.6 Compressive loading test 50 7.3.7 External short-circuit test 51 7.3.8 Surface, component and exhaust gas temperature test 52 7.3.9 Long-term storage test 52 7.3.10 High-temperature connection test 57 7.3.11 Connection cycling tests 57 7.3.12 Emission test 60 Annex A (normative) Formic acid micro fuel cell power systems 65 Annex B (normative) Hydrogen stored in hydrogen absorbing metal alloy and micro fuel cell power systems 97 Annex C (normative) Reformed methanol micro fuel cell power systems 146 Annex D (normative) Methanol clathrate compound micro fuel cell power systems 160 Annex E (normative) Borohydride micro fuel cell power systems: Class (corrosive) compounds in indirect borohydride fuel cells 184 Annex F (normative) Borohydride micro fuel cell power systems: Class 4.3 (water reactive) compounds in indirect borohydride fuel cells 242 Annex G (normative) Borohydride micro fuel cell power systems: Class (corrosive) compounds in direct borohydride fuel cells 300 Annex H (normative) Butane solid oxide micro fuel cell power systems 347 Bibliography 386 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Figure – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram 13 Figure – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests 39 Figure – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test 40 Figure – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop and compressive loading tests 41 Figure – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test 42 Figure – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test 43 Figure – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test 44 Figure – Temperature cycling 49 Figure – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for long-term storage test 56 Figure 10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus 61 Figure 11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus 61 Figure A.1 – Formic acid micro fuel cell power system block diagram – Replaces Figure 65 Figure A.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 71 Figure A.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 72 Figure A.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling test, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 73 Figure A.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 74 Figure A.6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 75 Figure A.7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 76 Figure A.9 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for long-term storage test – Replaces Figure 83 Figure A.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 84 Figure A.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 11 85 Figure A.12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system 93 Figure B.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 108 Figure B.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 109 Figure B.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 110 Figure B.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 111 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –4– –5– Figure B.8 – Temperature cycling – Replaces Figure 121 Figure B.9 – Fuel cartridge hydrogen leakage and mass loss test flow chart for longterm storage test – Replaces Figure 132 Figure B.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 138 Figure B.12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system 142 Figure C.1 – General block diagram of a reformed methanol micro fuel cell power system – Replaces Figure 146 Figure C.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 150 Figure C.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 11 151 Figure C.12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system 156 Figure D.1 – Methanol clathrate compound micro fuel cell power system block diagram – Replaces Figure 160 Figure D.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 166 Figure D.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 167 Figure D.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 168 Figure D.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 169 Figure D.9 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for long-term storage test – Replaces Figure 180 Figure D.12 – Fuel cartridge of methanol clathrate compound 161 Figure D.13 – Usage of methanol clathrate compound with micro fuel cell power unit 161 Figure E.1 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for liquid Class (corrosive) borohydride compound fuel with onboard fuel processing – Replaces Figure 184 Figure E.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage and hydrogen leakage and test flow chart for vibration, drop, compressive loading – Replaces Figure 199 Figure E.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss hydrogen leakage test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 201 Figure E.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 203 Figure E.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 205 Figure E.6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 206 Figure E.7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 207 Figure E.8 – Temperature cycling – Replaces Figure 213 Figure E.9 – Fuel cartridge hydrogen leakage and mass loss test flowchart for longterm storage test – Replaces Figure 220 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Figure E.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 230 Figure E.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 11 231 Figure E.12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system – Replaces Figure 12 237 Figure E.13 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for liquid Class (corrosive) borohydride compound fuel with fuel cartridge fuel processing 185 Figure E.14 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for solid Class (corrosive) borohydride compound fuel with fuel cartridge fuel processing and cartridge fuel management 186 Figure E.15 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram for solid Class (corrosive) compound fuel with cartridge fuel processing and fuel management internal to the micro fuel cell power unit 187 Figure E.16 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for low external pressure test 239 Figure F.1 – Borohydride micro fuel cell power system block diagram for Class 4.3 (water reactive) compound fuel in indirect borohydride fuel cell system; fuel management in micro fuel cell power unit – Replaces Figure 243 Figure F.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage and hydrogen leakage test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 257 Figure F.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss hydrogen leakage test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 259 Figure F.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 261 Figure F.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 263 Figure F.6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 264 Figure F.7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass hydrogen gas loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 265 Figure F.8 – Temperature cycling – Replaces Figure 271 Figure F.9 – Fuel cartridge hydrogen leakage and mass loss test flow chart for long-term storage test – Replaces Figure 278 Figure F.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 288 Figure F.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 11 288 Figure F.12 – Borohydride micro fuel cell power system block diagram for Class 4.3 (water reactive) compound fuel in indirect borohydride fuel cell system; fuel management in fuel cartridge 244 Figure F.13 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system 295 Figure F.14 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for low external pressure test 297 Figure G.1 – Direct borohydride micro fuel cell power system block diagram – Replaces Figure 300 Figure G.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 311 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –6– –7– Figure G.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 312 Figure G.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop, and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 313 Figure G.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 314 Figure G.6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 315 Figure G.7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 316 Figure G.8 – Temperature cycling – Replaces Figure 322 Figure G.9 – Fuel cartridge hydrogen leakage and mass loss test flow chart for longterm storage test – Replaces Figure 327 Figure G.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 336 Figure G.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 11 337 Figure G.12 – Hydrogen emission test procedure for operating micro fuel cell power system 344 Figure G.13 – Fuel cartridge leakage test flow chart for low external pressure test 317 Figure H.1 – Butane solid oxide micro fuel cell power system block diagram – Replaces Figure 347 Figure H.2 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for vibration, drop and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 354 Figure H.3 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for temperature cycling test and high temperature exposure test – Replaces Figure 355 Figure H.4 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for pressure differential, vibration, temperature cycling, drop and compressive loading tests – Replaces Figure 356 Figure H.5 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for external short-circuit test – Replaces Figure 357 Figure H.6 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 68 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 358 Figure H.7 – Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit leakage and mass loss test flow chart for 11,6 kPa low external pressure test – Replaces Figure 359 Figure H.8 – Temperature cycling – Replaces Figure 365 Figure H.9 – Fuel cartridge leakage and mass loss test flow chart for long-term storage test – Replaces Figure 372 Figure H.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 377 Figure H.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus 378 Table – Summary of material flammability requirements 23 Table – Temperature limits 28 Table – Limits for inherently limited power sources 29 Table – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (Over-current protection required) 30 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Table – List of type tests 37 Table – Laboratory standard conditions 38 Table – Emission limits 64 Table A.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 69 Table A.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 70 Table A.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 94 Table A.8 – Occupational exposure limits 94 Table B.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 106 Table B.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 107 Table B.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 143 Table C.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 149 Table C.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 150 Table C.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 157 Table C.8 – Occupational exposure limits 157 Table D.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 164 Table D.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 165 Table E.5 – List of type tests – Replaces table 195 Table E.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 196 Table E.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 236 Table F.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 252 Table F.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 253 Table F.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 294 Table G.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 308 Table G.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 309 Table G.7 – Emission limits – Replaces Table 343 Table H.5 – List of type tests – Replaces Table 352 Table H.6 – Laboratory standard conditions – Replaces Table 353 Table H.7 – Emission Limits – Replaces Table 381 Table H.8 – Occupational exposure limits 382 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –8– 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 6) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 7) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge four more times for a total of seven connections and disconnections 8) Weigh the fuel cartridge and record the mass 9) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge three more times for a total of ten connections and disconnections 10) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 11) Connect fuel cartridge and operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 12) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 13) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and check for leakage by subjecting the cartridge to a water bath test d) Passing criteria: No leakage, no fire or flame, and no explosion Leakage shall be determined by the difference in mass before and after the connection cycle Mass loss shall be less than 0,9 g over three connection cycles Fire and flame shall be checked using cheesecloth, infrared camera, or other suitable methods Explosion shall be checked visually to verify that there is no disturbance to the cartridge, micro fuel cell power unit or test fixture Cartridge shall be subjected to a water bath test and shall be bubble-tight The temperature of the water bath and the duration of the test shall be such that the internal pressure in the cartridge reaches that which would be reached at 55 °C No leakage or permanent deformation may occur, except that a plastic cartridge may be deformed through softening provided that it does not leak H.7.3.11.1.2 Satellite cartridge a) Test sample: an unused satellite fuel cartridge and an unused micro fuel cell power unit or a suitable test fixture with a micro fuel cell power unit valve fuelled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions The test fixture shall have a configuration representative of the micro fuel cell power unit geometry and shall have the ability to simulate fuel flow b) Purpose: to simulate the effects of mating and un-mating of the fuel cartridge to the micro fuel cell power unit and ensure no leakage c) Test procedure: 1) Connect the fuel cartridge to the micro fuel cell power unit or micro fuel cell power unit valve 2) Operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 3) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 4) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and measure the mass of the cartridge 5) Connect and disconnect the cartridge for a total of three more connections and disconnections 6) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 7) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge four more times for a total of seven connections and disconnections 8) Weigh the fuel cartridge and record the mass 9) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge three more times for a total of ten connections and disconnections Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 374 – – 375 – 10) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 11) Connect fuel cartridge and operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 12) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 13) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and check for leakage by subjecting the cartridge to a water bath test 14) Repeat steps through 13 four more times for a total of 55 cycles, waiting h between each set of 11 cycles d) Passing criteria: No leakage, no fire or flame, and no explosion Leakage shall be determined by the difference in mass before and after the connection cycle Mass loss shall be less than 0,9 g over three connection cycles Fire and flame shall be checked using cheesecloth, infrared camera, or other suitable methods Explosion shall be checked visually to verify that there is no disturbance to the cartridge, micro fuel cell power unit or test fixture Cartridge shall be subjected to a water bath test and shall be bubble-tight The temperature of the water bath and the duration of the test shall be such that the internal pressure in the cartridge reaches that which would be reached at 55 °C No leakage or permanent deformation may occur, except that a plastic cartridge may be deformed through softening provided that it does not leak H.7.3.11.3 Micro fuel cell power unit a) Test sample: a minimum of two unused fuel cartridges and an additional 98 fuel cartridges or suitable test fixtures with fuel cartridge valves and a micro fuel cell power unit fuelled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions The test fixture shall have a configuration representative of the fuel cartridge valve geometry and material and shall have the ability to simulate fuel flow b) Purpose: to simulate the effects of mating and un-mating of the fuel cartridge to the fuel cell power unit and ensure no leakage both at initial use and after suitable ageing of the micro fuel cell power unit connection First fuel cartridge (#1) and final fuel cartridge (#100) are inspected; the other 980 cycles are only to age the micro fuel cell power unit In the case of a micro fuel cell power unit using satellite cartridge, it shall be tested according to the following procedure by simulating fuel flow between the satellite cartridge and the micro fuel cell power unit c) Test procedure: 1) Connect the first fuel cartridge to the micro fuel cell power unit or micro fuel cell power unit valve 2) Operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 3) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 4) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and measure the mass of the cartridge 5) Connect and disconnect the cartridge for a total of three more connections and disconnections 6) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 7) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge four more times for a total of seven connections and disconnections 8) Weigh the fuel cartridge and record the mass 9) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge three more times for a total of ten connections and disconnections Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 10) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 11) Connect fuel cartridge and operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 12) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 13) In order to age the micro fuel cell power unit fuel cartridge connection, perform the following steps i) Using either fuel cycle the micro 980 connections every 10 or more cartridges or a suitable test fixture with fuel cartridge valves, fuel cell power unit fuel cartridge connection for a total of and disconnections Cartridges or valves may be changed cycles ii) Simulate fuel flow after each set of 50 connection-disconnection cycles iii) Mass loss does not need to be checked during the aging process, but if obvious leakage is noted, the test fails iv) Following this ageing, a final unused fuel cartridge will be tested 14) Connect the final fuel cartridge to the micro fuel cell power unit or micro fuel cell power unit valve 15) Operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 16) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 17) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and measure the mass of the cartridge 18) Connect and disconnect the cartridge for a total of three more connections and disconnections 19) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 20) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge four more times for a total of seven connections and disconnections 21) Weigh the fuel cartridge and record the mass 22) Connect and disconnect the fuel cartridge three more times for a total of ten connections and disconnections 23) Weigh the fuel cartridge and calculate the mass loss during the three connectdisconnect cycles If the accumulated mass loss is equal to or greater than 0,9 g, the fuel cartridge fails the type test 24) Connect fuel cartridge and operate the micro fuel cell power unit or otherwise simulate fuel flow for at least 25) Turn off the micro fuel cell power unit or stop simulated fuel flow 26) Disconnect the fuel cartridge and check for leakage by subjecting the cartridge to a water bath test d) Passing criteria: No leakage, no fire or flame, and no explosion Leakage shall be determined by the difference in mass before and after the connection cycle Mass loss shall be less than 0,9 g over three connection cycles Fire and flame shall be checked using cheesecloth, infrared camera, or other suitable methods Explosion shall be checked visually to verify that there is no disturbance to the micro fuel cell power unit Cartridge shall be subjected to a water bath test and shall be bubble-tight The temperature of the water bath and the duration of the test shall be such that the internal pressure in the cartridge reaches that which would be reached at 55 °C No leakage or permanent deformation may occur, except that a plastic cartridge may be deformed through softening provided that it does not leak Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 376 – H.7.3.12 – 377 – Emission test a) Test sample: a micro fuel cell power unit fuelled in accordance with manufacturer's specifications or a micro fuel cell power system with unused fuel cartridge b) Purpose: Under operating conditions (or attempted operating conditions) of a micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit, emission of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO ) and organic compounds such as butane, formaldehyde, and other materials listed in Table H.7 shall be maintained at less than the specified values Maintaining these limits not only prevents inadvisable exposure but also ensures that an adequate supply of oxygen is maintained in the operating environment The “DEVICE-OFF” emission test is performed solely to assure there is no impermissible leakage of fuel Butane solid oxide micro fuel cell power units must be operating at temperature in order to generate reaction-based emissions, which are evaluated in the “DEVICE ON” emission test Sampling port A Figure H.10 – Operational emission rate testing apparatus – Replaces Figure 10 c) Test apparatus: An example of the emission rate testing apparatus is shown in Figure H.10 The configuration shown in Figure H.10 is for emission rate testing of all micro fuel cell power systems or units tested in accordance with this Annex H Emission rate testing in accordance with H.7.3.12 d) 1) is required for all types of micro fuel cell power systems and micro fuel cell power units tested in accordance with this Annex H For micro fuel cell power systems or units that are intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer’s mouth or nose (such as micro fuel cell power systems or units used to power cell phones, handheld games, etc.), additional testing in accordance with H.7.3.12 d) 2) is required to verify that emission concentrations in the vicinity of a user's mouth or nose are kept within appropriate limits This emission concentration testing shall be done in a large open room using a different emission concentration testing apparatus An example of the operational emission concentration testing apparatus is shown in Figure H.11 For emission concentration testing, the air sampling tube shall extend to a separation distance (SD) from the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit that is representative of the breathing zone of a consumer (the distance from the micro fuel cell power system or unit to a consumer’s mouth or nose when in use) for emission concentration limit testing Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Figure H.11 – Operational emission concentration testing apparatus Emission gases might be composed of toxic organic materials such as methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and methyl formate, which are potentially exhausted from a micro fuel cell power system or a micro fuel cell power unit To analyse these organic materials, a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) or with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, a visible absorption spectrophotometer (VAS), or an ultraviolet visible absorption spectrophotometer (UV-VAS) shall be used either by absorbing emission gas to a sorbent tube fixed to sampling port A of the test chamber or directly to an analyzer through sampling port A in Figure H.10 However, the use of other instruments is allowed, provided that the performance for this measurement is sufficient to accurately determine compliance with the emission limits The concentration of absorption analyzer ISO 16000-6 and ISO that the performance instruments using the CO and CO2 gas can be measured by a non-dispersive infrared These analytical instruments shall comply with ISO 16000-3, 16017-1 However, the use of other instruments is allowed, provided for this measurement is equivalent to that of the above-mentioned above mentioned standards d) Test procedure: 1) For all micro fuel cell power systems and units – both those intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer's mouth or nose and those not intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer's mouth or nose – the following emission rate sampling test shall be performed i) Place the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit inside the small test chamber shown in Figure H.10, with the unit on and operating at rated power If the micro fuel cell power system or unit is no longer operational due to a type test, the emission test shall be performed with the micro fuel cell power system or unit fully fuelled and the power switch in the “ON” position ("DEVICE – ON") ii) The small test chamber shall be supplied with clean air The supply of air into the test volume should be from a known purity source If bottled air is not used, the use of blanks to determine background concentration levels should be considered to avoid false non-compliant results iii) Gaseous emission from the micro fuel cell power system or unit shall be sampled at the outlet of the small test chamber, at air sampling port A shown in Figure H.10 iv) Allow the test chamber variable flow air pump air flow, circulation fan flow and sample flow rate to stabilise v) Sample and record the gaseous contents of the test chamber through air sampling port A shown in Figure H.10, while simultaneously measuring and recording the flow through the test chamber The flow through the test chamber can be computed from the sum of the variable flow air pump flow rate and the sample flow rate through air sampling port A or by measuring the inlet flow rate to the test chamber Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 378 – vi) – 379 – Record the concentrations of the chemical compounds of interest for the “unit on” emission criteria See Table H.7 vii) Turn the unit off, opening and closing the chamber as necessary Allow the micro fuel cell power unit to complete any shut down cycle and transition to its full OFF state viii) Allow the test chamber variable flow air pump air flow, circulation fan flow and sample flow rate to stabilise ix) Sample and record the gaseous contents of the test chamber through air sampling port A shown in Figure H.10, while simultaneously measuring and recording the flow through the test chamber The flow through the test chamber can be computed from the sum of the variable flow air pump flow rate and the sample flow rate through air sampling port A or by measuring the inlet flow rate to the test chamber x) Record the concentrations of the chemical compounds of interest for the “unit off” emission criteria See Table H.7 xi) Calculate the emission rate of chemical compounds of interest by multiplying the maximum stabilized concentration of each constituent by the simultaneous total air flow through the chamber The total air flow through the chamber is determined by adding the steady-state variable flow air pump flow rate through the chamber to the simultaneous sample flow rate or by measuring the inlet air flow rate NOTE The total air flow into the chamber is equal to the sum of the air flow rates out of the chamber Therefore, the air flow rate at the inlet of the chamber is equal to the air flow rate at the outlet of the chamber plus the sampling flow rate The two values both represent the total air flow rate through the chamber, and either may be used to calculate the emission rate See below: ER = (FP + FS ) × C or ER = (Fi ) × C where ER is the emission rate in grams per hour; FP is the variable flow air pump flow rate in standard litres per hour; FS is the sample flow rate in standard litres per hour; Fi is the air flow rate at the inlet of the chamber in standard litres per hour; C is the concentration in grams per standard litre xii) Compare the maximum measured emission rate to Table H.7 If the emission rate is not less than the emission rate limit in Table H.7, the micro fuel cell power system or unit fails the test and no further testing is required See passing criteria H.7.3.12 e) 1) i) and H.7.3.12 e) 2) i) xiii) Emission measurements shall be averaged over a certain time duration which is representative of the normal operation of the micro fuel cell power system or unit and the equipment that it powers (i.e one fuel cartridge worth of operation) The test does not need to be measured continuously, providing that the initial start-up, at least h of operation, and the end of the fuel cartridge are measured If the fuel cartridge does not last for h, the entire fuel cartridge duration shall be measured continuously Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 2) For micro fuel cell power systems and units that are intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer’s mouth or nose, the following additional emission concentration sampling test shall be performed This test only need be performed with the unit on, as leakage rate with the unit off is assessed under Subclause H.7.3.12 1) and the associated emission limit does not present a hazard to humans i) Emission rate testing of micro fuel cell power systems or units shall be done in a large open room It is the intent of this test to approximate and to measure the expected emission concentrations near a person's mouth or nose in still air A mannequin or other mock-up may be used to improve the accuracy of the test The air in the room shall be sampled prior to testing to ensure accuracy and to avoid false non-compliant results Be careful to ensure that materials in the room or in the sampling apparatus not contribute emissions (that is, contaminants) to the test Prior to testing, a check for contamination without the micro fuel cell power system or unit in place is recommended to avoid false non-compliant results Air changes in the room shall be kept to a minimum corresponding to normal residential or commercial designs (e.g less than one air change per hour) Take care not to disturb the sampling area with extraneous air flows ii) Gaseous emission concentrations from the micro fuel cell power system or unit shall be sampled using the operational emission concentration testing apparatus shown in Figure H.11 For emission concentration testing, the air sampling tube shall extend to a separation distance (SD) from the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit that is representative of the breathing zone of a consumer (the distance from the micro fuel cell system or unit to a consumer’s mouth or nose when in use) iii) The sampling rate for the close proximity emission concentration measurements shall be l per minute, which represents the breathing rate of an adult human being iv) Allow the sample flow rate to stabilize v) Sample and record the fuel cell power system or unit gaseous emissions that occur at a distance that is representative of the breathing zone of a consumer vi) Record the concentrations of the chemical compounds of interest See Table H.7 vii) Compare the maximum measured concentrations to Table H.7 If the emission concentrations are not less than the emission concentration limits in Table H.7, the micro fuel cell power system or unit fails the test and no further testing is required See passing criteria H.7.3.12 e) 2) ii) viii) Emission measurements shall be averaged over a certain time duration which is representative of the normal operation of the micro fuel cell power system or unit and the equipment that it powers (i.e one fuel cartridge worth of operation) The test does not need to be measured continuously, providing that the initial start-up, at least h of operation, and the end of the fuel cartridge are measured If the fuel cartridge does not last for h, the entire fuel cartridge duration shall be measured continuously e) Passing criteria: 1) For micro fuel cell power systems and micro fuel cell power units not intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer's mouth or nose: i) The maximum emission rate for each of the constituents of interest in Table H.7 shall be less than the emission rate limit value in Table H.7 when tested in accordance with H.7.3.12 d) 1) If the micro fuel cell power system or unit does not operate, or shuts down in a safe manner prior to exceeding a limit, the test is acceptable 2) For micro fuel cell power systems and micro fuel cell power units to be used in close proximity to a consumer’s mouth or nose: i) The maximum emission rate for each of the constituents of interest in Table H.7 shall be less than the emission rate limit value in Table H.7 when tested in accordance with H.7.3.12 d) 1) If the micro fuel cell power system or unit does not Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 380 – – 381 – operate, or shuts down in a safe manner prior to exceeding a limit, the test is acceptable ii) For micro fuel cell power systems and micro fuel cell power units intended to be used in close proximity to a consumer’s mouth or nose; in addition to meeting the emission rate limit above, the maximum emission concentration for each of the constituents of interest shall be less than the emission concentration limit in Table H.7 when tested in accordance with H.7.3.12 d) 2) If the micro fuel cell power system or unit does not operate, or shuts down in a safe manner prior to exceeding a limit, the test is acceptable Table H.7 – Emission Limits – Replaces Table Butane g CO "DEVICE – ON" "DEVICE – OFF" "DEVICE – ON" Concentration limit a Emission rate limit c Emission rate limit b 1,9 g/m 0,045 g/h 0,9 g/h N/A 0,290 g/h N/A 60 g/h d N/A 0,09 g/h N/A 0,000 g/h 0,029 g/m CO Formic acid Formaldehyde e Hydrogen f g/m 3 0,009 g/m 0,000 g/m N/A N/A 0,016 g/h Methyl formate 0,245 g/m N/A 2,45 g/h NO 0,031 g/m N/A 0,31 g/h NO 0,005 g/m N/A 0,57 g/h a The concentration limits in this table are in units of g/m and are the equivalent of the TWA exposure limits expressed in ppmv, as shown in Table H.8 Concentration limits are not tested with the device off, as the leakage rate with the unit off is assessed under Subclause H.7.3.12 1) and the associated emission limit does not present an inhalation hazard to humans b The "DEVICE – ON" emission rate limit is based on 10 m ACH, selected as the product of the reference volume times the air changes per hour (ACH), as this represents the reasonably foreseeable environments where micro fuel cell power systems or units will be used The interior space in a small car and the minimum volume per person on commercial aircraft is at m The minimum ACH used on passenger aircraft is 10 and the lowest ventilation setting in cars is 10 ACH Homes and offices may have ACH levels as low as 0,5 but the per person volume is over 20 m , so a product of 10 is conservative c The "DEVICE – OFF" emission test is performed solely to assure there is no impermissible leakage of fuel Butane solid oxide micro fuel cell power units must be operating at temperature in order to generate reaction-based emissions, which are evaluated in the “device – on” emission test d A seated human adult has a CO emission rate of 30 g/h The fuel cell plus human adult emission rates are limited such that the CO concentration does not reach the WHO eight-hour concentration limit of g/m In an environment with 10 m ACH, this limits the contribution from the fuel cell to 60 g/h e WHO guideline limit for formaldehyde is 0,000 g/m Background levels are 0,000 03 g/m The fuel cell emission cannot push the background level above the guideline limit f The operating hydrogen emission rate of 0,016 g/h equates to the highest leak rate that will not support a flame and is less than the 0,8 g/h leak rate necessary to achieve a 25 % LFL in a cubic meter chamber with air change per hour g The operating butane emission rate of 0,9 g/h equates to the highest leak rate that will not support a flame and is less than the 1,9 g/h leak rate necessary to achieve the TLV limit of 800 ppm in a cubic meter chamber with air change per hour The non-operating butane leakage criteria have been chosen based on a scenario of micro fuel cell power systems or units in an enclosed space with no ventilation The space chosen has a volume of 0,28 m , or approximately 10 cubic feet The criterion has been prescribed so that a butane concentration of greater than 25 % LFL is not permitted to develop over a twenty-four hour (24 h) period, if three micro fuel cell power systems are in the enclosed space Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Table H.8 – Occupational exposure limits TWA exposure limit (TWA – time weighted average over h of operation) Butane < 800 ppmv CO < 25 ppmv CO < 000 ppmv Formic acid Formaldehyde Hydrogen H.7.3.13 < ppmv < 0,08 ppmv N/A Methyl formate < 100 ppmv NO < 25 ppmv NO < ppmv High temperature shutdown test a) Test sample: a micro fuel cell power unit fuelled in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or a micro fuel cell power system with unused fuel cartridge b) Purpose: To verify that the micro fuel cell power unit initiates a shutdown sequence within a reasonable time period if the SOFC stack reaches an abnormal high temperature If the micro fuel cell power unit fails to operate normally after testing one of these components, a different unit may be used for testing the remaining components If any combination of components is integrated into an isothermal module, those components may be tested concurrently c) Test procedure: 1) While the micro fuel cell power unit is operating at its rated output, use the manufacturer‘s specified method to set the SOFC stack to a temperature 20 °C above the maximum operating temperature 2) Verify that the micro fuel cell power system shutdown sequence is initiated either prior to the test component reaching or within s of reaching the elevated temperature set point 3) If the micro fuel cell power unit does not contain a high temperature reformer, or if the reformer is in the same thermal module as the SOFC stack, proceed to step Otherwise, while the micro fuel cell power unit is operating at its rated output, use the manufacturer‘s specified method to set the reformer to a temperature 20 °C above the maximum operating temperature 4) Verify that the micro fuel cell power system shutdown sequence is initiated either prior to the test component reaching or within s of reaching the elevated temperature set point 5) If the micro fuel cell power unit does not contain a high temperature catalytic converter, or if the catalytic converter is in the same thermal module as the SOFC stack, the test is complete Otherwise, while the micro fuel cell power unit is operating at its rated output, use the manufacturer‘s specified method to set the catalytic converter to a temperature 20 °C above the maximum operating temperature 6) Verify that the micro fuel cell power system shutdown sequence is initiated either prior to the test component reaching or within s of reaching the elevated temperature set point d) Passing criteria: The micro fuel cell power unit shutdown sequence shall initiate before reaching, or no later than s after reaching, the elevated temperature set point Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 382 – H.7.3.14 – 383 – High temperature operation test a) Test sample: a micro fuel cell power unit fuelled in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications or a micro fuel cell power system with unused fuel cartridge b) Purpose: To verify that the micro fuel cell power unit operates safely if the SOFC stack is at a temperature of 30 °C above the maximum operating temperature If the micro fuel cell power unit contains a reformer, or catalytic converter, these components shall also be tested If the micro fuel cell power unit fails to operate normally after testing one of these components, a different unit may be used for testing the remaining components If any combination of components is integrated into an isothermal module, those components may be tested concurrently c) Test procedure: 1) Use manufacturer’s specified method to disable the automatic shutdown mechanism described in H.7.3.13 Set the SOFC stack temperature at 30 °C above the maximum specified operating temperature 2) Run the micro fuel cell power unit at full load as specified by the manufacturer for h at this elevated temperature The micro fuel cell power unit is not required to deliver the rated load or function normally, as a result of the elevated temperature 3) Perform emission testing in accordance with H.7.3.12 with the unit on and off 4) If the micro fuel cell power unit does not contain a high temperature reformer or if the reformer is in the same thermal module as the SOFC stack, proceed to step Otherwise, use the manufacturer’s specified method to disable the automatic shutdown mechanism described in H.7.3.13 Set the reformer temperature at 30 °C above the maximum specified operating temperature 5) Run the micro fuel cell power unit at full load as specified by the manufacturer for h at this elevated temperature The micro fuel cell power unit is not required to deliver the rated load or function normally, as a result of the elevated temperature 6) Perform emission testing in accordance with H.7.3.12 with the unit on and off 7) If the micro fuel cell power unit does not contain a high temperature catalytic converter, or if the catalytic converter is in the same thermal module as the SOFC stack, the test is complete Otherwise, use the manufacturer’s specified method to disable the automatic shutdown mechanism described in H.7.3.13 Set the catalytic converter temperature at 30 °C above the maximum specified operating temperature 8) Run the micro fuel cell power unit at full load as specified by the manufacturer for h at this elevated temperature The micro fuel cell power unit is not required to deliver the rated load or function normally, as a result of the elevated temperature 9) Perform emission testing in accordance with H.7.3.12 with the unit on and off d) Passing criteria: No fire or flame at any time, no explosion at any time Fire and flame shall be checked using cheesecloth, infrared camera, or other suitable methods Explosion shall be checked visually to verify that there is no disturbance to the micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit Micro fuel cell power system or micro fuel cell power unit shall be emission tested with the micro fuel cell power unit both on and off and shall meet the acceptance criteria in H.7.3.12 If the micro fuel cell power unit does not operate but the emission does not exceed the limits of H.7.3.12, the emission test is acceptable Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) H.7.3.15 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Fire test a) Test sample: an unused fuel cartridge b) Purpose: Fire testing shall be performed on all new fuel cartridge designs with a butane capacity of over 200 ml The test is to demonstrate that the fire protection system, such as pressure relief devices (PRD) and/or integral thermal insulation will prevent the uncontrolled venting of the fuel cartridge under the specified fire conditions Any significant change to the design, for example changes in: diameter, length, or PRD shall necessitate repeating the fire testing Exception: A manufacturer can use data and engineering calculations, based on previous fire testing results on existing designs, to show that a new design does not require fire testing Precautions shall be taken to insure safety of personnel and property during fire testing in the event that fuel cartridge rupture occurs c) Test procedure: 1) Fuel cartridges shall be filled to rated capacity with butane The fuel cartridges tested shall be representative of production cartridges 2) Temperature and pressure of the fuel cartridge shall be monitored remotely and recorded at intervals of every 15 s or less Where practical, a manual valve shall be installed to allow venting of the fuel cartridge in the event of a test equipment or micro fuel cell power system malfunction In addition to the pressure and temperature readings, the following information shall also be recorded for each test, as applicable: i) fuel cartridge manufacturer; ii) fuel cartridge part or model number; iii) unique fuel cartridge identifier; iv) PRD location and orientation; v) date of test; vi) fuel cartridge pressure in MPa; vii) fuel cartridge orientation (vertical, horizontal or inverted); viii) laboratory temperature; ix) estimated wind condition/direction; x) names of witnesses; xi) time of activation of pressure relief device; and xii) elapsed time to completion of the test Exception: For fuel cartridge designs that preclude monitoring pressure during the fire test, a statement of justification for not monitoring pressure during the fire test shall be given, a means for determining activation of the PRD shall be provided and additional safety precautions shall be taken to safely carry out the fire test 3) Fire tests shall be conducted on at least three fuel cartridges in each orientation of intended use and/or transportation For fuel cartridge designs for which the orientation of use and transportation are not specified, at least three fuel cartridges shall be fire tested in at least the vertical and horizontal orientation Fuel cartridges shall be subjected to a heat source over their entire width For fuel cartridges less than or equal to 0,30 m in length, a temperature-indicating device shall be installed within 0,05 m of, but not in contact with, the fuel cartridge surface near each end For fuel cartridges longer than 0,30 m, install a temperature indicating device at each end and one at the midpoint Temperature-indicating devices are permitted to be inserted into small metallic blocks (less than 0,025 m per side) Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 384 – – 385 – 4) The fuel cartridges shall be tested either by direct (bonfire) or indirect (chimney) flame impingement methods The fire source shall totally engulf the test apparatus described above Any fuel may be used for the fire source provided it supplies uniform heat sufficient to maintain the specified test temperatures for a minimum of 20 or until the fuel cartridge is vented The selection of a fuel should take into consideration air pollution concerns The arrangement of the fire shall be recorded in sufficient detail to ensure that the rate of heat input to the fuel cartridge is reproducible i) Direct flame impingement Sufficient fuel shall be supplied to ensure a burn time of at least 20 The fuel cartridge shall be placed in the test orientation with the fuel cartridge at least 0,100 m above the fuel or at a sufficiently greater height to ensure total flame engulfment Metallic shielding shall be used to prevent direct flame impingement on tank valves, fittings, and/or pressure relief devices The metallic shielding shall not be in direct contact with the specified fire protection system (pressure relief devices or tank valve) ii) Indirect flame impingement The fuel cartridge shall be placed in a test apparatus that is designed to contain the test subject and provide a controlled and reproducible rate of heat input without localized overheating The apparatus can be constructed of any suitable material capable of withstanding the test environment The fire source shall be installed to provide heat to the chimney and test specimen in a uniform manner Immediately following ignition, the fire shall produce a flame entirely engulfing the test apparatus The temperature of at least one temperature-indicating device shall indicate a temperature of at least 590 °C within of ignition One temperature-indicating device shall maintain an average temperature of at least 590 °C for the duration of the test d) Passing criteria: 1) The fuel cartridge design is deemed to have passed the test if, for all valid tests, either of the following criteria is met in the same manner i) The internal pressure vents to zero gauge pressure in a controlled manner as intended by the fuel cartridge design ii) The fuel cartridge withstands the fire for a minimum of 20 without venting 2) Any failure or inconsistency of the fire or heat source during a test shall invalidate the result, and a re-test shall be required Any venting through or failure of the shell, a valve, fitting or tubing during the test that is not part of the intended protection system shall invalidate the result and a re-test shall be required Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) 62282-6-100 IEC:2010+A1:2012(E) Bibliography IEC 62282-5-1, Fuel cell technologies – Part 5-1: Portable fuel cell power systems – Safety IEC 61025, Fault tree analysis (TA) IEC 60812, Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) ISO/TR 15916:2004, Basic considerations for the safety of hydrogen systems 15th edition of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials 11th Edition SWAIN, M.R and SWAIN, M.N Codes and Standards Analysis Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Program Review; NREL/CP-570-30535, 2001 _ Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe – 386 – Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION 3, rue de Varembé PO Box 131 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 919 02 11 Fax: + 41 22 919 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe INTERNATIONAL