IEC TR 62726 Edition 1 0 2014 08 TECHNICAL REPORT Guidance on quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions from the baseline for electrical and electronic products and systems IE C T R 6 27 26 2 01[.]
IEC TR 62726:2014-08(en) ® Edition 1.0 2014-08 TECHNICAL REPORT colour inside Guidance on quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions from the baseline for electrical and electronic products and systems Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC TR 62726 All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in 14 additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary More than 55 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2014 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland ® Edition 1.0 2014-08 TECHNICAL REPORT colour inside Guidance on quantifying greenhouse gas emission reductions from the baseline for electrical and electronic products and systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 13.020.30; 13.040; 29.020; 31.020 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-1807-5 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission X Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC TR 62726 IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD INTRODUCTION Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principles 13 4.1 Provisions in existing standards 13 4.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 14 Comparative study on the existing relevant documents 14 Quantification framework 14 6.1 General 14 6.2 Basic steps of GHG reduction study 15 6.2.1 Provisions in existing standards 15 6.2.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 15 Defining the goal and scope 16 6.3 6.4 Defining the EE product-related GHG project 17 6.4.1 Electrotechnical industry guidance 17 6.4.2 Additional guidance for intermediate products 18 Determining the baseline scenario 18 6.5 6.5.1 Provisions in existing standards 18 6.5.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 19 6.5.3 Additional guidance for intermediate products 21 Selecting relevant GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs (SSRs) 21 6.6 6.6.1 Identifying primary effects and significant secondary effects 21 6.6.2 Choosing the options to select relevant GHG SSRs 23 6.6.3 Additional guidance for intermediate products 25 Trial estimation and decision on relevant GHG SSRs 25 6.7 6.8 Estimating baseline emissions 25 6.8.1 Baseline procedures 25 6.8.2 Performance standard procedure 26 6.8.3 Project-specific procedure 27 6.8.4 Additionality 29 Data collection and quality assessment 30 6.9 6.9.1 Data collection 30 6.9.2 Data quality 31 6.10 Estimating GHG reduction 32 6.10.1 Provisions in existing standards 32 6.10.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 32 6.10.3 Accumulation method 33 Documentation 34 7.1 Provisions in existing standards 34 7.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 34 Validation, verification and monitoring 35 8.1 Validation and/or verification 35 8.1.1 Provisions in existing standards 35 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –2– –3– 8.1.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 35 Monitoring 35 8.2 8.2.1 Provisions in existing standards 35 8.2.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 36 Communication 38 9.1 Provisions in existing standards 38 9.2 Electrotechnical industry guidance 39 Annex A (informative) Study results of comparison analysis on selected existing relevant documents including International Standards 40 Annex B (informative) Examples of GHG reduction study 43 General 43 Example – GHG reduction of EE products calculated based on carbon footprint (Korea low carbon footprint labelling) 43 Annex C (informative) Example of monitoring based on systematic sampling approach 47 B.1 B.2 Bibliography 49 Figure – Basic steps of GHG reduction study 16 Figure – Illustrated overview of GHG reductions relative to baseline scenario 18 Figure – Two options for accumulation 34 Figure B.1 – Criteria of average carbon emission 44 Figure B.2 – Criteria of carbon reduction ratio 44 Figure B.3 – Low carbon footprint labelling 45 Table – An example of EE product-related GHG projects Table B.1 – Korea low carbon footprint labelling 44 Table B.2 – Relationship of a low carbon footprint product and an EE product-related GHG project 46 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION GUIDANCE ON QUANTIFYING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM THE BASELINE FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees) The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”) Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example "state of the art" IEC TR 62726, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 111: Environmental standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 111/335/DTR 111/345/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –4– –5– This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION Electrical and electronic products and systems (hereinafter referred to as EE products) are widely used in our society, hence raising awareness of their environmental impacts Consequently customers in the market and other stakeholders are requiring, or requesting that the electronics sector takes action to address the quantification and reduction of environmental impacts through environmental conscious design during the product development phase Among those environmental impacts, climate change is an important issue A number of initiatives at local, national, regional, and international levels are being developed and implemented, aiming to curb the concentration of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which is understood to be a major causative factor All industry sectors are trying to reduce GHG emissions in order to meet the national, regional and global reduction targets for the future in order to stabilize atmospheric concentration below the level of triggering catastrophic climate change For the EE sector, developing and supplying new products that achieve GHG reductions in society compared to other products offers significant opportunities for achieving large scale GHG reductions Among methodologies to quantify products’ impacts on climate change is carbon footprint of products (CFP), which only covers GHG emissions that occur during the life cycle of the product Although EE products consume energy, the EE industry is enabling other sectors to reduce large amounts of GHG emission There are different opportunities for GHG reduction when the EE industry provides the same or similar function as existing products in the marketplace but with significantly less GHG emissions For example, a manufacturer of renewable energy technologies can be interested not only in tracking the emissions and reductions that occur during the life cycle of its products, but also in assessing the reduction in society’s GHG emissions as a result of using renewable energy technologies compared to generating electricity by combusting fossil fuels Examples of such products and solutions include: • wind turbines or solar panels, compared to fossil fuel power plants; • LED bulbs, compared to incandescent bulbs; • online meeting (including software), compared to business travel For assessing this enabling effect, two scenarios are compared: the situation “with the technology” and “without or with old technology” Because the enabling effect is not included in CFP, quantification of such reductions requires a different methodology Actually many companies are already quantifying or communicating future environmental contribution by this enabling effect through their businesses with numeric target values, such as “help society to reduce XX million tons by 2025 through our high energy-efficient products” Currently, various quantifications and claims for such GHG reduction are carried out mainly on a voluntary basis However, there is no internationally recognized methodology to validate such numerical targets specifically for EE products There is a business value in establishing an internationally recognized methodology at this time A basic generic and relevant methodology is provided by ISO 14064-2 This ISO standard also incorporates the idea of “product-related GHG projects” and allows GHG projects to be performed as a result of product development ————————— Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –6– –7– The idea is related to EE products contributing to GHG emissions reduction such as high energy efficient EE equipment The necessity of a sector-specific guidance applicable to the EE sector is recognized by considering specific characteristics of EE These include their complex and dynamic supply chain, their varying lifespan, sometimes extending over many years, and associated energy consumption Such characteristics underline the significance of the use stage of many EE products In accordance with ISO 14064-2, this report addresses “EE product-related GHG projects” as activity or activities performed as a result of the development and supply of EE products into the market alter the conditions identified in the baseline scenario which cause greenhouse gas emissions reduction, as well as the methodology associated with it In particular, the objectives of this report are as follows: • enable organizations in the EE sector to quantify their contribution to society in reducing GHG emissions through their products and systems; • allow EE product-related GHG projects to be evaluated in terms of their GHG emission reductions amount compared to a baseline In addition to the above purposes, the additional benefits below are also expected: • facilitate incorporation of a GHG related target into design and development strategy of EE products; • establish consistency and bridging between different product areas in the EE sector; • help product-specific technical committees (TCs) with limited amount of expertise or resources to develop their own methodology The features of this report are as follows: • This report contains the study and review of relevant standards, regional initiatives and practices to clarify and compare the differences and similarities in multiple existing methodologies for GHG reduction studies • This report is based on relevant International Standards, especially ISO 14064-2, and other forum/industry standards, and therefore gives a comprehensive guidance which enable readers to carry out GHG reduction study for EE products It should be also emphasized that GHG emission reduction addresses the single impact category of climate change and does not assess other potential social, economic or environmental impacts arising from the provision of products Therefore GHG emission reductions not provide an indicator of the overall environmental impact of products NOTE This report may be used as quantification guidance for GHG emission reductions as a part of the environmental impact categories in a multi-criteria environmental assessment The information in this report is entirely informative in nature, and does not establish or is intended to imply any normative requirements Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 IEC TR 62726:2014 © IEC 2014 GUIDANCE ON QUANTIFYING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM THE BASELINE FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS Scope IEC TR 62726, which is a technical report (hereinafter referred to as "report") describes principles and guidance on quantifying greenhouse gas emission (CO e) reductions compared to a baseline (which includes “business as usual”) for electrical and electronic products and systems (hereinafter referred as EE products) This report addresses GHG reduction through an EE product-related GHG project, not just the difference between GHG emissions of two EE products This report is applicable to any type of EE product-related GHG projects which are introducing low-carbon technologies or highly energy-efficient products, etc., including both final products and intermediate products This report is based on the result of a comparative study on existing methodologies published or under discussion in international organizations This report is intended to be used by those involved in design, development and use of EE products, and their supply chains regardless of industry sectors, regions, types, activities and sizes of organizations Table illustrates an example of an EE product-related GHG project and its relation with an EE product (also see Figure 2): Table – An example of EE product-related GHG projects EE product-related GHG project Introduction of 500 000 units of high-performance (energy-efficient) UPS in city A Target product High-performance (energy-efficient) UPS Baseline scenario million units of conventional UPS in city A In this report, ISO 14064-2, ITU-T L.1410 [2] and GHG Protocol for Project Accounting, are studied and compared since these documents and initiatives are regarded as the most influential ones worldwide at the moment This report refers to requirements relevant to EE product-related GHG projects in the existing documents, e.g ISO 14064-2 and GHG Protocol for Project Accounting and quotes them with boxes The boxes are followed by guidance applicable to EE product-related GHG projects It is to be noted that these boxes not capture the full text of the referred standards therefore readers are encouraged to read the standards to fully understand their requirements This report is programme-neutral If an organization applies for a specific programme (e.g a greenhouse gas programme, such as certification and recognition of GHG reduction units under clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), or another climate change mitigation programme) some requirements of that programme may apply in addition to the descriptions given in this report Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –8–